Studies on the subunits of the human glycoprotein hormones in relation to reproduction

References

• Abraham G. E., Odell W. D., Swerdloff R. S., Hopper K. Simultaneous radioimmunoassay of plasma FSH, LH, progesterone 17-hydroxyproges-terone, and estradiol-17β during the menstrual cycle. J. clin. Endocr. 1972; 34: 312–318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams E., Smith E. L. Proteolytic activity of pituitary extracts. J. biol. Chem. 1951; 191: 651–664
   Google Scholar
• Arimura A., Kastin A. J., Schally A. V. Immunoreactive LH-releasing hormone in plasma: midcycle elevation in women. J. din. Endocr. 1974; 38: 510–513
   Google Scholar
• Ashitaka Y., Nishimura R., Endoh Y., Tojo S. Subunits of human chorionic gonadotrophin and their radioimmunoassays. Endocr. jap. 1974; 21: 429–435
   Google Scholar
• Ashitaka Y., Nishimura R., Futamura K., Ohashi M., Tojo S. Serum and chorionic tissue concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin and its subunits during pregnancy. Endocr. jap. 1974a; 21: 547–550
   Google Scholar
• Bahl O. P. Studies on the primary structure of HCG and its relationship to other glycoprotein hormones. Gonadotropins, B. B. Saxena, C. G. Beling, H. M. Gandy. Wiley Interscience, London 1972; 200
   Google Scholar
• Bahl O. P., Carlsen R. B., Bellisario R., Swaminathan N. Human chorionic gonadotropin: amino acid sequence of the a and f) subunits. Biochem. biophys. Res. Comm. 1972; 48: 416–422
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baillie A. H., Ferguson M. M., Hart D. McK. Histochemical evidence of steroid metabolism in the human genital ridge. J. din. Endocr. 1966; 26: 738–741
   Google Scholar
• Bell J. J., Canfield R. E., Sciarra J. J. Purification and characterization of human chorionic gonadotropin. Endocrinology 1969; 84: 298–307
   Google Scholar
• Bellisario R., Carlsen R. E., Bahl O. P. Human chorionic gonadotropin; linear amino acid sequence of the a subunit. J. biol. Chem. 1973; 248: 6796–6809
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benveniste R., Bell J., Rosenkovitch E., Rabinowitz D. Measurement of alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones: a comparison of the ‘homologous’ and ‘mixed’ systems. Horm. metab. Res. 1974, Suppl. 5: 57–60
   Google Scholar
• Benveniste R., Frohman L. A., Bell J., Spitz I., Rabinowitz D. Alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormones: presence in peripheral serum after LHRH. Europ. J. din. Invest. 1975; 5: 123–131
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Binoux M., Pierce J. G., Odell W. D. Radioimmuno-logical characterization of human thyrotropin and its subunits: applications for the measurement of human TSH. J. clin. Endocr. 1974; 38: 674–682
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop W. H., Ryan R. J. Human leuteinizing hormone and its subunits. Physical and chemical characterization. Biochemistry 1973; 12: 3076–3084
   Google Scholar
• Bloch E. Metabolism of 4-14C-progesterone by human fetal testis and ovaries. Endocrinology 1964; 74: 833–845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boroditsky R. S., Reyes F. I., Winter J. S. D., Faiman C. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin and progesterone patterns in the last trimester of pregnancy: relationship to fetal sex. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 1975; 121: 238–241
   Google Scholar
• Braunstein G. D., Reichert L. E., Jr, Van Hall E. V., Vaitukaitis J. L., Ross G. T. The effects of desialy-lation on the biologic and immunologic activity of human pituitary luteinizing hormone. Biochem. biophys. Res. Comm. 1971; 12: 962–967
   Google Scholar
• Brody S. Protein hormones and hormonal peptides from the placenta. Foetus and placenta, A. Klopper, E. Diczfalusy. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1969; 299
   Google Scholar
• Canfield R. E., Morgan F. J., Kammerman S., Bell J. J., Agosto G. M. Studies of human chorionic gonadotrophin. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 1971; 27: 121–156
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Canfield R. E., Morgan F. J., Kammerman S., Ross G. T. Studies of the structure and recombination of the subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin. Structure-activity Relationships of Protein and Polypeptide Hormones, M. Margoulies, F. C. Greenwood. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam 1972; 341
   Google Scholar
• Carlsen R. B., Bahl O. P., Swaminathan N. Human chorionic gonadotropin. Linear amino acid sequence of the β-subunit. J. biol. Chem. 1973; 248: 6810–6827
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catt K. J., Dufau M. L., Tsuruhara T. Absence of intrinsic biological activity in LH and HCG subunits. J. din. Endoc. 1973; 36: 73–80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Channing C. P. Influences of the in vivo and in vitro hormonal environment upon luteinization of granulosa cells in tissue culture. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 1970; 26: 589–622
   Google Scholar
• Clements J. A., Reyes F. I., Winter J. S. D., Faiman C. Studies on human sexual development. III. Fetal pituitary and serum, and amniotic fluid concentrations of LH, CG and FSH. J. clin. Endocr. 1976; 42: 9–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Closset J., Hennen G., Lequin R. M. Isolation and properties of human luteinizing hormone subunits. FEBS Letters 1972; 21: 325–329
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Closset J., Hennen G., Lequin R. M. Human luteinizing hormone, the amino acid sequence of the β-subunit. FEBS Letters 1973; 29: 97–100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole F. E., Davis K., Huseby R. A., Rice B. F. Gonadotropin receptor of a mouse luteoma: interactions with luteinizing hormone (LH) and its α and β subunits. Biol. Reprod. 1973; 8: 550–559
   Google Scholar
• Cornell J. S., Pierce J. G. The subunits of human pituitary thyroidstimulating hormone. Isolation, properties and composition. J. biol. Chem. 1973; 248: 4327–4333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cornell J. S., Pierce J. G. Studies on the disulfide bonds of glycoprotein hormones. Locations in the α chain based on partial reductions and formation of 14C-labeled S-carboxymethyl derivatives. J. biol. Chem. 1974; 249: 4166–4174
   Google Scholar
• De la Llosa P., Courte C., Jutisz M. On the mechanism of reversible inactivation of luteinizing hormone by urea. Biochem. Biophys Res. Comm. 1967; 26: 411–416
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Diczfalusy E. Chorionic gonadotrophin and oestrogens in the human placenta. Acta Endocr. (Kbh.) 1953, Suppl. 12: 62–72
   Google Scholar
• Diczfalusy E. Endocrine functions of the human fetus and placenta. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 1974; 119: 419–433
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolais-Kitabgi J., Laburthe M., Rosselin G. Immunological specificity of the β subunit of the human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Hormone metab. Res. 1974; 6: 527–528
   Google Scholar
• Dreskin R. B., Spicer S. S., Greene W. B. Ultra-structural localization of chorionic gonadotropin in human term placenta. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1970; 18: 862–874
   Google Scholar
• Dubois P. Données ultrastructurales sur l'antéhypophyse d'un embryon humain à la huitième semaine de son développement. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 1968; 162: 689–692
   Google Scholar
• Edmonds M., Molitch M., Pierce J., Odell W. D. Secretion of alpha and beta subunits of TSH by the anterior pituitary. Clin. Endocr. 1975; 4: 525–530
   Google Scholar
• Edmonds M., Molitch M., Pierce J. G., Odell W. D. Secretion of alpha subunits of luteinizing hormone (LH) by the anterior pituitary. J. din. Enodcr. 1975a; 41: 551–555
   Google Scholar
• Edwards R. G. Follicular fluid. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1974; 37: 189–219
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ellis S. T., Beck J. S., Currie A. R. The cellular localisation of growth hormone in the human foetal adenohypophysis. J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 1966; 92: 179–183
   Google Scholar
• Faiman C., Ryan R. J., Zwirek S. J., Rubin M. E. Serum FSH and HCG during human pregnancy and puerperium. J. clin. Endocr. 1968; 28: 1323–1329
   Google Scholar
• Forest M. G., Sizonenko P. C., Cathiard A. M., Bertrand J. Hypophyso-gonadal function in humans during the first year of life. I. Evidence for testicular activity in early infancy. J. clin. Invest. 1974; 53: 819–828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franchimont P. Radioimmunoassay of gonadotropic hormones. Protein and Polypeptide Hormones, M. Margoulis. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam 1969; 99
   Google Scholar
• Franchimont P., Pasteels J.-L. Secretion independ-ante des hormones gonadotropes et de leurs sousunités. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 1972; 275: 1799–1802
   Google Scholar
• Franchimont P., Gaspard U., Reuter A., Heynen G. Polymorphism of protein and polypeptide hormones. Clin. Endocr. 1972; 1: 315–336
   Google Scholar
• Friesen H. G. Placental protein and polypeptide hormones. Handbook of Physiology, Section 7, Endocrinology, Vol. II. Female Reproductive System, Part 2, R. O. Grup, E. B. Astwood. Waverly Press, Baltimore 1973; 295
   Google Scholar
• Fuxe K., Hökfelt T. Catecholamines in the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland. Frontiers in Endocrinology, P. Ganong, S. Martin. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1969; 47
   Google Scholar
• Geiger W., Kaiser R., Franchimont P. Comparative radioimmunological determination of human chorionic gonadotrophin, human placental lactogen, growth hormone and thyrotrophin in fetal and maternal blood after delivery. Acta Endocr. (Kbh.) 1971; 68: 169–182
   Google Scholar
• Gilmore D. P., Dobbie H. G. Absence of gonado-trophin-releasing activity in the human foetal hypothalamus before 16 weeks. J. Endocr. 1975; 64: 52
   Google Scholar
• Golstein-Golaire J., Vanhaelst L. Gel filtration profile of circulating immunoreactive thyrotropin and subunits of myxedematous sera. J. clin. Endocr. 1975; 41: 575–580
   Google Scholar
• Grumbach M. M., Kaplan S. L. Ontogenesis of growth hormone, insulin, prolactin and gonadotropin secretion in the human foetus. Foetal and Neonatal Physiology, K. S. Comline, K. W. Cross, G. S. Dawes, Nathanielse. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1973; 462
   Google Scholar
• Hagen C., McNatty K. P., McNeilly A. S. Immunoreactive α- and β-subunits of luteinizing hormone in human peripheral blood and follicular fluid throughout the menstrual cycle, and their effect on the secretion rate of progesterone by human granulosa cells in tissue culture. J. Endocr. 1976; 69: 33–46
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hagen C., McNeilly A. S. The specificity and application of a radioimmunoassay for the a subunit of luteinizing hormone in man. Acta Endocr. (Kbh.) 1975; 78: 664–674
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hagen C., McNeilly A. S. The gonadotropic hormones and their subunits in human maternal and fetal circulation at delivery. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 1975a; 121: 926–930
   Google Scholar
• Hagen C., McNeilly A. S. Changes in circulating levels of LH, FSH, βLH and α-subunit after gonadotrophin-releasing hormone and of TSH, LHβ-and α-subunit after thyrotropin releasing hormone. J. clin. Endocr. 1975b; 41: 466–470
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hagen C., McNeilly A. S. Identification of human luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone β-subunit and gonadotrophin a-subunit in foetal and adult pituitary glands. J. Endocr. 1975c; 67: 49–57
   Google Scholar
• Hagen C., McNeilly A. S. Evaluation of the specificity of an luteinizing hormone β and α subunit assay. Clin. chim. Acta 1976; 69: 193–201
   Google Scholar
• Hagen C., Gilby E. D., McNeilly A. S., Ølgaard K., Bondy P. K., Rees L. H. Comparison of circulating glycoprotein hormones and their subunits in patients with oat cell carcinoma of the lung and uraemic patients on chronic dialysis. Acta Endocr. (Kbh.) 1976a; 83: 26–35
   Google Scholar
• Harris G. W. Neural Control of the Pituitary Gland. Arnold, London 1955
   Google Scholar
• Hobson B., Wide L. Chorionic gonadotrophin in the human placenta in relation to the sex of the foetus at term. J. Endocr. 1974; 60: 75–80
   Google Scholar
• Hyyppä M. Hypothalamic monoamines in human fetuses. Neuroendocrinology 1972; 9: 257–266
   Google Scholar
• Ingham K. C., Aloj S. M., Edelhoch H. The rates of dissociation and recombination of the subunits of human luteinizing hormone. Arch. Biochem. 1973; 159: 596–605
   Google Scholar
• Jaffe R. B., Lee P. A., Midgley A. R., Jr. Serum gonadotropins before, at the inception of, and following human pregnancy. J. clin. Endocr. 1969; 29: 1281–1283
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs H. S., Lawton N. F. Pituitary and placental glycopeptide hormones. Brit. med. Bull. 1974; 30: 55–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kammermann S., Canfield R. E. The inhibition of binding of iodinated human chorionic gonadotropin to mouse ovary in vivo. Endocrinology 1972; 90: 384–389
   Google Scholar
• Kjeld J. M., Harsoulis P., Kuku S. F., Marshall J. C., Kaufman B., Fraser T. R. Infusion of hFSH and hLH in normal men. I. Kinetics of human follicle stimulating hormone. Acta Endocr. (Kbh) 1976; 81: 225–233
   Google Scholar
• Kohler P. O., Ross G. T., Odell W. D. Metabolic clearance and production rates of human luteinizing hormone in pre- and post-menopausal women. J. clin. Invest. 1968; 47: 38–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kourides I. A., Weintraub B. D., Ridgway E. C., Maloof F. Increase in the beta subunit of human TSH in hypothyroid serum after thyrotropin releasing hormone. J. clin. Endocr. 1973; 37: 836–840
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kourides I. A., Weintraub B. D., Levko M. A., Maloof F. Alpha and beta subunits of human thyrotropin: purification and development of specific radioimmunoassays. Endocrinology 1974; 94: 1411–1421
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kourides I. A., Weintraub B. D., Ridgway E. C., Maloof F. Pituitary secretion of free alpha and beta subunit of human thyrotropin in patients with thyroid disorders. J. clin. Endocr. 1975; 40: 872–885
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laburthe M. C., Dolais J. R., Rosselin G. E. Evidence for circulating α subunits of pituitary gonadotropins in plasma. J. clin. Endocr. 1973; 37: 156–159
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Landesman R., Saxena B. B. Radioreceptor assay for human chorionic gonadotropin as an aid in mini-abortion. Fertil. and Steril. 1974; 25: 1022–1029
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lequin R. M. Discussion of Reichert Jr, L.E. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 1973; 29: 526–528
   Google Scholar
• Leznoff A., Davis B. A. The cytological localization of human chorionic gonadotropin. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 1963; 41: 2517–2521
   Google Scholar
• Li C. H., Starman B. Molecular weight of sheep pituitary interstitial cell-stimulating hormone. Nature 1964; 202: 291–292
   Google Scholar
• Mason T. E., Phifer R. F., Spicer S. S., Swallow R. A., Dreskin R. B. An immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge method for localizing tissue antigens. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1969; 17: 563–569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCann S. M. Regulation of secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Handbook of Physiology, Section 7. Endocrinology, Vol. IV. The pituitary gland and its neuroendocrine control, Part 2, R. O. Grup, E. B. Astwood. Waverly Press, Baltimore 1974; 489
   Google Scholar
• McNatty K. P., Sawers R. S. Relationship between the endocrine environment within the Graafian follicle and the subsequent rate of progesterone secretion by human granulosa cells in vitro. J. Endocr. 1975; 66: 391–400
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNatty K. P., Hunter W. M., McNeilly A. S., Sawers R. S. Changes in the concentration of pituitary and steroid hormones in the follicular fluid of human Graafian follicles throughout the menstrual cycle. J. Endocr. 1975; 64: 555–571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNeilly A. S., Gardner J., Gau G., Jeffrey D., Hagen C. Secretion of human chorionic gonadotrophin and its subunits during pregnancy. J. Endocr. 1975; 65: 39–40
   Google Scholar
• Midgley A. R., Jr, Pierce G. B. Immunohistochemical localisation of human chorionic gonadotropin. J. Exp. Med. 1962; 115: 289–294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Midgley A. R., Jr, Jaffe R. B. Regulation of human chorionic gonadotropins: II. Disappearance of human chorionic gonadotropin following delivery. J. clin. Endocr. 1968; 28: 1712–1718
   Google Scholar
• Midgley A. R., Jr, Fong I. F., Jaffe R. B. Gel filtration radioimmunoassay to distinguish human chorionic gonadotrophin from luteinizing hormone. Nature 1967; 213: 733
   Google Scholar
• Mittler J. C., Redding T. W., Schally A. V. Stimulation of thyrotropin (TSH) secretion by TSH-releasing factor (TRF) in organ cultures of anterior pituitary. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 1969; 130: 406–409
   Google Scholar
• Monroe B. G., Paul W. K. Ultrastructural changes in the hypothalamus during development and hypothalamic activity: the Median Eminence. Progr. Brain Res. 1974; 41: 185–208
   Google Scholar
• Morell A. G., Gregoriadis G., Scheinberg I. H., Hickman J., Ashwell G. The role of sialic acid in determining the survival of glycoproteins in the circulation. J. biol. Chem. 1971; 246: 1461–1467
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan F. J., Canfield R. E., Vaitukaitis J. L., Ross G. T. Properties of the subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin. Endocrinology 1974; 94: 1601–1606
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan F. J., Birken S., Canfield R. E. The amino acid sequence of human chorionic gonadotropin. The α subunit and β subunit. J. Biol. Chem. 1975; 250: 5247–5258
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemineva K. Observations on the development of the hypophysial-portal system. Acta paediat. scand. 1950; 39: 366–377
   Google Scholar
• Odell W. D., Abraham G., Raud H. R., Swerdloff R. S., Fisher D. A. Influence of immunization procedures on the titer, affinity and specificity of antisera to glycopolypeptides. Acta Endocr. (Kbh.) 1969, Suppl. 142: 54–70
   Google Scholar
• Ondo J. G., Eskay R. L., Mical R. S., Porter J. C. Release of LH by LRF injected into the CSF: a transport role for the Median Eminence. Endocrinology 1973; 93: 231–237
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Papkoff H., Samy T. S.A. Isolation and partial characterization of the polypeptide chains of ovine interstitial cell-stimulating hormone. Biochim bio-phys Acta 1967; 147: 175–177
   Google Scholar
• Papkoff H., Ekblad M. Ovine follicle stimulating hormone: preparation and characterization of its subunits. Biochem. biophys. Res. Comm. 1970; 40: 614–621
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parlow A. F. Radioimmunological characterization of the isolated structural subunits of bovine LH: relationship to TSH. Amer. Endocr. Soc. Abstract 1970; 6: 39
   Google Scholar
• Parlow A. F., Shome B. Specific, homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) of highly purified subunits of human pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH). J. din. Endocr. 1974; 39: 195–198
   Google Scholar
• Partanen S., Hervonen A. Monoamine-containing structures in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system in the human fetus. Z. Anat. Entwickl.-Gesch. 1973; 140: 53–60
   Google Scholar
• Pearse A. G.E. Cytological and cytochemical investigations on the foetal and adult hypophysis in various physiological and pathological states. J. Pathol. Bacteriol. 1953; 65: 355–370
   Google Scholar
• Peckham W. D., Yamaji T. Glycoprotein hormone α-subunits in pituitary glands and sera of rhesus monkeys. Endocr. Soc. 1973; 115, Abstract 134
   Google Scholar
• Penny R., Olambiwonnu N. O., Frasier S. D. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone-human chorionic gonadotropin (LH-HCG) concentrations in paired maternal and cord sera. Pediatrics 1974; 53: 41–47
   Google Scholar
• Pepperell R. J., de Kretser D. M., Burger H. G. Studies on the metabolic clearance rate and production rate of human luteinizing hormone and on the initial half-time of its subunits in man. J. clin. Invest. 1975; 56: 118–126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce J. G. Eli Lilly Lecture: The subunits of pituitary thyrotropin—their relationship to other glycoprotein hormones. Endocrinology 1971; 89: 1331–1344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prentice L. G., Ryan R. J. LH and its subunits in human pituitary, serum and urine. J. clin. Endocr. 1975; 40: 303–312
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rathnam P., Saxena B. B. Subunits of luteinizing hormone from human pituitary glands. J. Biol. Chem. 1971; 246: 7087–7094
   Google Scholar
• Rayford P. L., Vaitukaitis J. L., Ross G. T., Morgan F. J., Canfield R. E. Use of specific antisera to characterize biologic activity of HCGβ subunit preparations. Endocrinology 1972; 91: 144–146
   Google Scholar
• Redding T. W., Schally A. V., Arimura A., Matsuo H. Stimulation of release and synthesis of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in tissue cultures of rat pituitaries in response to natural and synthetic LH and FSH releasing hormone. Endocrinology 1972; 90: 764–770
   Google Scholar
• Reichert L. E., Jr, Ward D. N. Studies on subunits of human pituitary luteinizing hormone (H-LH). Fed. Proc. 1969; 28: 505
   Google Scholar
• Reichert L. E., Jr. Human FSH: purification, properties and some structure-function relationships. Gonadotropins, B. B. Saxena, C. G. Beling, H. M. Gandy. Wiley Interscience, London 1972; 107
   Google Scholar
• Reichert L. E., Jr. Biological studies on the relatedness of subunits of human follicle stimulating hormone and chorionic gonadotropin. Endocrinology 1972a; 90: 1119–1124
   Google Scholar
• Reichert L. E., Jr, Lawson G. M., Jr. Molecular weight relationships among the subunits of human glycoprotein hormones. Endocrinology 1973; 92: 1034–1042
   Google Scholar
• Reichert L. E., Jr, Leidenberger F., Trowbridge C. G. Studies on luteinizing hormone and its subunits: Development and application of a radioligand receptor assay and properties of the hormone-receptor interaction. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 1973; 29: 497–526
   Google Scholar
• Reyes F. I., Boroditsky R. S., Winter J. S. D., Faiman C. Studies on human sexual development. II. Fetal and maternal serum gonadotropin and sex steroid concentrations. J. clin. Endocr. 1974; 38: 612–617
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rinne U. K. Neurosecretory material passing into the hypophysial portal system in the human infundibulum and its foetal development. Acta Neuroveg. (Wien) 1964; 25: 310–324
   Google Scholar
• Rosen S. W., Weintraub B. D. Ectopic production of the isolated alpha subunit of the glycoprotein hormones. New Engl. J. Med. 1974; 290: 1441–1447
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ryan R. J. On obtaining luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones from human pituitaries. J. clin. Endocr. 1968; 28: 886–896
   Google Scholar
• Ryle M., Chaplin M. F., Gray C. J., Kennedy J. F. The action of a neurominic acid-free derivative of FSH on mouse ovaries cultured in vitro. Gonadotrophs and Ovarian Development, W. R. Butt, A. C. Crooke, M. Ryle. Livingstone, London 1970; 98
   Google Scholar
• Sairam M. R., Papkoff H., Li C. H. Human pituitary interstitial cell stimulating hormone: primary structure of the a subunit. Biochem. biophys. Res. Comm. 1972; 48: 530–537
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sairam M. R., Li C. H. Human pituitary thyrotropin: primary structure of the hormone specific β subunit. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1973; 54: 426–431
   Google Scholar
• Sairam M. R., Li C. H. Human pituitary lutropin. Isolation, properties and the complete amino acid sequence of the β subunit. Biochim biophys Acta 1975; 412: 70–81
   Google Scholar
• Saxena B. N. Protein-polypeptide hormones of the human placenta. Vitam. and Horm. 1971; 29: 95–151
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saxena B. B., Rathnam P. Dissociation phenomenon and subunit nature of follicle stimulating hormone from human pituitary glands. J. biol. Chem. 1971; 246: 3549–3554
   Google Scholar
• Schally A. V., Arimura A., Kastin A. J. Hypothalamic regulatory hormones. Science 1973; 179: 341–350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shome B., Brown D. M., Howard S. M., Pierce J. G. Bovine, human and porcine thyrotropins: Molecular weights, amino- and carboxyl-terminal studies. Arch. Biochem. 1968; 126: 456–468
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shome B., Parlow A. F. The primary structure of the hormone-specific, beta subunit of human pituitary luteinizing hormone (hLH). J. din. Endocr. 1973; 36: 618–621
   Google Scholar
• Shome B., Parlow A. F. Human follicle stimulating hormone: First proposal for the amino acid sequence of the hormone-specific, β subunit (hFSHβ). J. Clin. Endocr. 1974; 39: 203–205
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shome B., Parlow A. F. Human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH): First proposal for the amino acid sequence of the α-subunit (hFSHα) and first demonstration of its identity with the α-subunit of human luteinizing hormone (hLHα). J. Clin. Endocr. 1974a; 39: 199–202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shutt D. A., Smith I. D., Shearman R. P. Oestrone, oestradiol-17β and oestriol levels in human foetal plasma during gestation and at term. J. Endocr. 1974; 60: 333–341
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Siler-Khodr T. M., Morgenstern L. L., Greenwood F. C. Hormone synthesis and release from human fetal adenohypophysis in vitro. J. clin. Endocr. 1974; 39: 891–905
   Google Scholar
• Smith R. E., Farquhar M. G. Lysosome function in the regulation of the secretory process in cells of the anterior pituitary gland. J. Cell Biol. 1966; 31: 319–347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stockell-Hartree A., Thomas M., Braikevitch M., Bell E. T., Christie D. W., Spaull G. V., Taylor R., Pierce J. G. Preparation and properties of subunits of human luteinizing hormone. J. Endocr. 1971; 51: 169–180
   Google Scholar
• Swaminathan N., Bahl O. P. Dissociation and recombination of the subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin. Biochem. biophys. Res. Comm. 1970; 40: 422–427
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swerdloff R. S., Odell W. D. Serum luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormone levels during sequential and non-sequential contraceptive treatment of eugonadal women. J. clin. Endocr. 1969; 29: 157–163
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talas M., Midgley A. R., Jr, Jaffe R. B. Regulation of human gonadotropins. XIV. Gel filtration and electrophoretic analysis of endogenous and extracted immunoreactive human follicle-stimulating hormone of pituitary, serum and urinary origin. J. clin. Endocr. 1973; 36: 817–825
   Google Scholar
• Tsuruhara T., Dufau M. L., Hickman J., Catt K. J. Biological properties of hCG after removal of terminal sialic acid and galactose residues. Endocrinology 1972; 91: 296–301
   Google Scholar
• Vaitukaitis J. L., Ross G. T. Antigenic similarities among the human glycoprotein hormones and their subunits. Gonadotropins, B. B. Saxena, C. G. Beling, H. M. Gandy. Wiley Interscience, London 1972; 435
   Google Scholar
• Vaitukaitis J. L., Braunstein G. D., Ross G. T. A radioimmunoassay which specifically measures human chorionic gonadotropin in the presence of human luteinizing hormone. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 1972; 113: 751–758
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaitukaitis J. L., Ross G. T., Reichert L. E., Jr. Immunologic and biologic behaviour of hCG and bovine LH subunit hybrids. Endocrinology 1973; 92: 411–416
   Google Scholar
• Vaitukaitis J. L., Ross G. T., Pierce J. G., Cornell J. S., Reichert L. E., Jr. Generation of specific antisera with the hormone-specific β-subunit of hTSH or hFSH. J. clin. Endocr. 1973a; 37: 653–659
   Google Scholar
• Vaitukaitis J. L. Changing placental concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin and its subunits during gestation. J. clin. Endocr. 1974; 38: 755–760
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Hall E. V., Vaitukaitis J. L., Ross G. T., Hickman J. W., Ashwell G. Effects of progressive desialyla-tion on the rate of disappearance of immunoreactive HCG from plasma in rats. Endocrinology 1971; 89: 11–15
   Google Scholar
• Van Hall E. V., Vaitukaitis J. L., Ross G. T., Hickman J. W., Ashwell G. Immunological and biological activity of HCG following progressive desialylation. Endocrinology 1971a; 88: 456–464
   Google Scholar
• Varma K., Larraga L., Selenkow H. A. Radioimmunoassay of serum human chorionic gonadotropin during normal pregnancy. Obstet. and Gynec. 1971; 37: 10–18
   Google Scholar
• Villee D. B. The development of steroidogenesis. Amer. J. Med. 1972; 53: 533–544
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C. F., Yen S. S.C. Direct evidence of estrogen modulation of pituitary sensitivity to luteinizing hormone releasing factor during the menstrual cycle. J. clin. Invest. 1975; 55: 201–204
   Google Scholar
• Ward D. N., Reichert L. E., Jr, Liu W.-K., Nahm H. S., Hsia J., Lamkin W. M., Jones N. S. Chemical studies of luteinizing hormone from human and ovine pituitaries. Recent Progr. Hormone Res. 1973; 29: 533–556
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wide L. An immunological method for the assay of human chorionic gonadotrophin. Acta Endocr. (Kbh.) 1962, Suppl. 70
   Google Scholar
• Winters A. J., Eskay R. L., Porter J. C. Concentration and distribution of TRH and LRH in the human fetal brain. J. clin. Endocr. 1974; 39: 960–963
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yen S. S. C., Llerena O., Little B., Pearson O. H. Disappearance rates of endogenous luteinizing hormone and chorionic gonadotropin in man. J. Clin. Endocr. 1968; 28: 1763–1767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yen S. S. C., Llerena L. A., Pearson O. H., Littell A. S. Disappearance rates of endogenous follicle stimulating hormone in serum following surgical hypophysectomy in man. J. Clin. Endocr. 1970; 30: 325–329
   Google Scholar