References
- Schaffner T, Taylor K, Bartucci E J., et al. Arterial foam cells with distinctive immunomorphologic and histochemical features of macrophages. Am J Pathol 1980; 100: 57–73
- Brown M S., Goldstein J L. Lipoprotein metabolism in the macrophage: Implications for cholesterol deposition in atherosclerosis. Annu Rev Biochem 1983; 52: 223–61
- Ho Y K., Brown M S., Goldstein J L. Hydrolyses and excretion of cytoplasmic cholesteryl esters by macrophages: stimulation by high density lipoprotein and other agents. J Lipid Res 1980; 21: 391–8
- Brown M S., Ho Y K., Goldstein J K. The cholesterol ester cycle in macrophage foam cells. J Biol Chem 1980; 255: 9344–52
- Glick J M. Intracellular cholesterol ester hydrolysis and clearance. Advances in Cholesterol Research, M Esfahani, J B. Swaney. Telford Press, Caldwell 1990; 171–200
- Castro G R., Fielding C J. Early incorporation of cell-derived cholesterol into pre-/?-migrating high-density lipoprotein. Biochemistry 1988; 27: 25–9
- Brown M S., Goldstein J L., Krieger M, Ho Y K., Anderson R GW. Reversible accumulation of cholesteryl esters in macrophages incubated with acety-lated lipoproteins. J Cell Biol 1979; 82: 597–613
- Albert D H., Traber M G., Kayden H J. Cholesterol metabolism in human monocyte-derived macrophages: Stimulation of cholesterol ester formation and cholesterol excretion by serum lipoproteins. Lipids 1982; 17: 709–15
- Innerarity T L., Pitas R E., Mahley R W. Modulating effects of canine high density lipoproteins on cholesteryl ester synthesis induced by β-very low density lipoproteins in macrophages. Possible in vitro correlates with atherosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis 1982; 2: 114–24
- Pitas R E., Innerarity T L., Mahley R W. Foam cells in explants of atherosclerotic rabbit aortas have receptors for β-very low density lipoproteins and modified low density lipoproteins. Arteriosclerosis 1983; 3: 2–12
- Mathur S N., Field F J., Megan M B., Armstrong M L. A defect in mobilization of cholesteryl esters in rabbit macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta 1985; 834: 48–57
- Schimtz G, Niemann R, Brennhausen B, Krause R, Assman G. Regulation of high density lipoprotein receptors in cultured macrophages: role of acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase. EMBO J 1985; 4: 2773–9
- Randolph R K., Hoff H F. Exchange, and efflux of cholesterol in macrophages. Evidence for a common mechanism and a role for plasma membrane proteins. J Lipid Res 1986; 27: 307–15
- Mazzone T, Gump H, Diller P, Getz G S. Macrophage free cholesterol content regulates apolipo-protein E synthesis. J Biol Chem 1987; 262: 11657–62
- Schmitz G, Assman G, Brennhausen B, Schaefer H-J. Interaction of Tangier lipoproteins with cholesteryl ester-laden mouse peritoneal macrophages. J Lipid Res 1987; 28: 87–99
- Schmitz G, Robeneck H, Beuck M, Krause R, Schurek A, Niemann R. Ca++ antagonists and ACAT inhibitors promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages by different mechanisms. I. Characterization of cellular lipid metabolism. Arteriosclerosis 1988; 8: 46–56
- Yamamoto A, Haa H, Takaichi S, Wakasugi J-I, Tomikawa M. Effect of probucol on macrophages, leading to regression of xanthomas and atheromatous vascular lesions. Am J Cardiol 1988; 62: 31B–36B
- Aviram M, Bierman E L., Oram J F. High density lipoprotein stimulates sterol translocation between intracellular and plasma membrane pools in human monocyte-derived macrophages. J Lipid Res 1989; 30: 65–76
- Dory L. Synthesis, and secretion of apo E in thio-glycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages: effect of cholesterol efflux. J Lipid Res 1989; 30: 809–16
- Bernard D W., Rodriguez A, Rothblat G H., Glick J M. Influence of high density lipoprotein on esterified cholesterol stores in macrophages and hepatoma cells. Arteriosclerosis 1990; 10: 135–44
- Nowicka G, Brüning T, Bottcher A, Kahl G, Schmitz G. Macrophage interaction of HDL subclasses separated by free flow cholesterol flow iso-tachophoresis. J Lipid Res 1990; 31: 1947–63
- Michishita I, Thompson G R. Cholesterol flux in cholesterol ester-loaded macrophages in an in vitro perfusion system. Atherosclerosis 1991; 88: 203–11
- von Hodenberg E, Heinen S. Howell KE, Luley C, Kübler W, Bond HM. Cholesterol efflux from macrophages mediated by high-density lipoprotein subfractions, which differ principally in apolipo-protein A-I and apolipoprotein A-II ratios. Bio-chim Biophys Acta 1991; 1086: 173–84
- Bernard D W., Rodriguez A, Rothblat G H., Glick J M. cAMP stimulates cholesteryl ester clearance to high density lipoproteins in J774 macrophages. J Biol Chem 1991; 266: 710–6
- McCloskey H M., Rothblat G H., Glick J M. Incubation of acetylated low-density lipoprotein with cholesterol-rich dispersions enhances cholesterol uptake by macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta 1987; 921: 320–32
- Tabas I, Weiland D A., Tall A R. Unmodified low density lipoprotein causes cholesteryl ester accumulation in J774 macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1985; 82: 416–20
- Moguilevsky N, Roobol C, Loriau R, et al. Production of human recombinant proapolipoprotein A-I in Escherichia coli: Purification and biochemical characterization. DNA 1989; 8: 429–36
- Matz C E., Jonas A. Micellar complexes of human apolipoprotein A-I with phosphatidylcholines and cholesterol prepared from cholate-Upid dispersions. J Biol Chem 1982; 257: 4535–40
- Nichols A V., Gong E L., Blanche P J., Forte T M. Characterisation of discoidal complexes of phosphatidylcholine, apolipoprotein A-I and cholesterol by gradient gel electrophoresis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1983; 750: 353–4
- Basu S K., Goldstein J L., Anderson R GW, Brown M S. Degradation of cationized low density lipoprotein and regulation of cholesterol metabolism in homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1976; 73: 3178–82
- Fraenkel-Conrat H. Methods for investigating essential groups for enzyme activity. Methods Enzymol 1957; 4: 247–69
- Lowry O H., Rosebrough N J., Farr N L., Randall R J. Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951; 193: 265–74
- Hara A, Radin N S. Lipid extraction of tissues with a low-toxicity solvent. Anal Biochem 1978; 90: 420–6
- Heider J G., Boyett R L. The picomole determination of free and total cholesterol in cells in culture. J Lipid Res 1978; 19: 514–8
- Gamble W, Vaughan M, Kruth H S., Avigan J. Procedure for determination of free and total cholesterol in micro- or nanogram amounts suitable for studies with cultured cells. J Lipid Res 1978; 19: 1068–1070
- Adelman S J., Glick J M., Phillips M C., Rothblat G H. Lipid composition and physical state effects on cellular cholesteryl ester clarance. J Biol Chem 1984; 259: 13844–50
- Yau-Yung A O., Rothblat G H., Small D M. Mobilization of cholesterol from cholesterol ester-enriched tissue culture cells by phospholipid dispersions. Biochim Biophys Acta 1982; 710: 181–7
- Rothblat G H., Phillips M C. Mechanism of cholesterol efflux from cells. Effects of acceptor structure and concentration. J Biol Chem 1982; 257: 4775–82
- Rothblat G H., Phillips M C. Cholesterol efflux: Mechanism and regulation. Adv Exp Med Biol 1986; 201: 195–204
- De Lamatre J, Wolfbauer G, Phillips M C., Rothblat G H. Role of apolipoproteins in cellular cholesterol efflux. Biochim Biophys Acta 1986; 875: 419–28