Characterization of a New Ion Selective Electrode for Ionized Magnesium in Whole Blood, Plasma, Serum, and Aqueous Samples

References

• Aikawa J K. Magnesium. Its Biological Significance. CRC Press, Boca Ratan 1981
   Google Scholar
• Guenther T H. Biochemistry and pathobiochemistry of magnesium. Magnesium Bull 1981; 3: 91–101
   Google Scholar
• Wacker W EC. Magnesium and Man: Biochemistry and Physiology. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge 1980
   Google Scholar
• Ryan M F. The role of magnesium in clinical biochemistry: an overview. Ann Clin Bio-chem 1991; 28: 19–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shils M E. Magnesium in health and disease. Ann Rev. Nutrition 1988; 8: 429–460
   Google Scholar
• Altura B M. The role of magnesium in muscle contraction. Am Physiol Symp Federation Proc. 1981; 40: 2654–2679
   Google Scholar
• Altura B M, Altura B T. Magnesium and the cardiovascular system: Experimental and clinical aspects updated, in Metal Ions, Vol. 26: A Compendium on the Role of Magnesium in Nutrition and Physiology, H. Siegel, A. Siegel. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York 1990
   Google Scholar
• Wong E T, Rude R K, Singer F R, Shaw S T, Jr. A high prevalence of Hypomagnesemia in hospitalized patients. Am. J. Clin Pathol. 1983; 79: 348–552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whang R. Magnesium deficiency: pathogenesis, prevalence and clinical implications. Am J Med 1987; 82(Suppl 2A)24–29
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Altura B M, Altura B T. New perspectives on the role of magnesium in the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system. I. Clinical aspects. Magnesium 1985; 4: 221–244
   Google Scholar
• Burch G E, Giles T D. The importance of magnesium deficiency in cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J 1977; 94: 649–656
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iseri L T, Chung P, Tobis J. Magnesium therapy for intractable ventricular tachyarrhythmias in normomagnesemic patients. West J Med 1983; 138: 823–828
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldman R S, Finkbeiner S M. Therapeutic use of magnesium sulfate in selected case of cerebral ischemia and seizure. New England J Med 1988; 319: 1224–1225
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berkelhammer C, Bear R A. A clinical approach to common electrolyte problems. 4. Hypomagnesemia. Can Med Assn J 1985; 132: 360–368
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Abraham A S, Rosenmann D, Kramer M, Balkin J, Zion M M, Farbstein H. Magnesium in the prevention of lethal arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med 1987; 147: 753–755
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Altura B M. Ischemic heart disease and magnesium. Magnesium 1988; 7: 57–67
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walser M. Magnesium Metabolism. Rev Physiol Biochem Exp Pharmacol 1967; 59: 185–341
   Google Scholar
• Elin R J. Assessment of magnesium status. Clin Chem 1987; 33: 1965–1970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebel H, Guenther T. Magnesium metabolism: a review. J. Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1980; 18: 257–270
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elin R J. Magnesium metabolism in health and disease. Dis Month 1988; 34: 161–000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olinger M L. Disorders of calcium and magnesium metabolism. Emerg Med Clin North Am 1989; 7: 795–822
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• D'Costa M, Cheng P T. Ultrafilterable calcium and magnesium in ultrafiltrates of serum prepared with the Amicon MPS-1 System. Clin Chem 1983; 29: 519–522
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aikawa J K. Biochemistry and physiology of magnesium. World Rev Nutr Diet 1978; 28: 112–142
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zaloga G P, Chernow B. Divalent cations: calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. The Pharmacologic Approach to the Critically 111 Patient, B. Chernow. Williams and Wilkins Col, Baltimore 1988; 603–636
   Google Scholar
• Altura B T, Shirey T L, Young C, Hiti J, Dell'Orfano K, Handwerker S M, Altura B M. A new method for the rapid determination of ionized Mg2+ in whole blood, serum and plasma. Meth Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1992; 14: 297–304
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Altura B T, Shirey T L, Young C C, Dell'Or-Fano K, Altura B M. Characterization and studies of a new ion selective electrode for free extracellular magnesium ions in whole blood, plasma and serum. Electrolytes, blood gases, and other critical analytes: the patient, the measurement, and the government. Proceedings of an International Symposium sponsored and organized by the Electrolyte/Blood Gas Division of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry, P D'Orazio, M F Burritt, S F Sena. OMNIPRES, Madison, WI 1992; 14: 152–73
   Google Scholar
• Altura B T, Altura B M. Measurement of ionized magnesium in whole blood, plasma and serum with a new ion-selective electrode in healthy and diseased human subjects. Magnesium and Trace Elements 1993; 10: 90–98
   Google Scholar
• Tietz N. Textbook of clinical chemistry. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia 1986
   Google Scholar
• Fleischer M, Gladstone M, Crystal D, Schwartz M K. Two whole-blood multi-analyte analysers evaluated. Clin Chem 1989; 35: 1532–1535
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnston M T, Savery J, Wills M R. Evaluation of the NOVA Stat Profile 1. Am Clin Product Rev 1986, October
   Google Scholar
• Hu Z, Buehrer T, Mueller M, Rusterholz B, Rouilly M, Simon W. Intracellular magnesium ion selective microelectrode based on a neutral carrier. Anal. Chem 1989; 61: 574–576
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maj-Zurawska M, Lewenstam A. Fully automated potentiometric determination of ionized magnesium in blood serum. Analyt-ica Chimica Acta 1990; 236: 331–5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaller U, Spichiger U E, Simon W. New magnesium-selective-microelectrodes. Abstract from the IVth European Congress on magnesium in Giessen. 1992, Magnesium Research, in press
   Google Scholar
• Altura B T, Tranbaugh R F, Zisbrod Z, Burack J, Barbour R L, Cunningham J N. Human plasma ionized magnesium (IMg2+) measurements during cardiopulmonary bypass with a novel ion selective electrode (ISE): Possible relationship to hypotension after cardioplegia (CPL) and coronary spasm post-perfusion. Clin Chem 1991; 37: 1070
   Google Scholar
• Handwerker S M, Altura B T, Royo B, Altura B M. Ionized serum and plasma magnesium levels in umbilical cord blood of normal and diseased pregnant women: A preliminary report. Magnesium and Trace Elem. 1990; 9: 328
   Google Scholar
• Altura B T, Altura B M, Memon Z, Benjamin J, Cracco R Q. Plasma ionized magnesium (IMg2+) measurements in human subjects early after head trauma: relationship to degree of injury. FASEB J 1992; 6: A1789
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markell M S, Altura B T, Barbour R L, Friedman E A, Sommer B G, Altura B M. Ionized magnesium and calcium levels in cyclosporine treated renal transplant recipients: relationship to hypercholesterolemia and cyclosporine level. Clin. Res. 1992; 40: 255A
   Google Scholar
• Resnick L M, Altura B T, Altura B M, Gupta R K, Laragh J H. Serum ionized magnesium in essential hypertension and non-insulin diabetes mellitus: relation to intracellular free magnesium. Clin Res 1992; 40: 285A
   Google Scholar
• Mauskop A, Altura B T, Cracco R Z, Altura B M. Deficiency in serum ionized magnesium but not total magnesium in patients with migraines. Possible role of ICa2+ / IMg2+ ratio. Headache 1993; 33: 135–138
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Markell M S, Altura B T, Sarn Y, Friedman E A, Altura B M. Deficiency in ionized magnesium (IMg2+) in long-term, stable renal transplant recipients. FASEB J 1993; 2: A509
   Google Scholar
• Handwerker S M, Altura B T, Altura B M. Ionized magnesium levels in the antenatal period of human pregnancy. FASEB J 1993; 7: A510
   Google Scholar
• Scott V, Kang Y, DeWolf A, Altura B T, Virgi M, Cook D R, Altura B M. Altered ionized magnesium in plasma during orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplantation Proc. 1993, in press
   Google Scholar
• Markell M S, Altura B T, Sarn Y S, Delano B G, Ifudy O, Friedman E A, Altura B M. Deficiency of serum ionized magnesium in patients on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. ASAIO Journal 1993; 39: M801–804
   Google Scholar
• Handwerker S M, Altura B T, Royo B, Altura B M. Ionized magnesium and calcium levels in umbilical cord serum of pregnant women with transient hypertension during labor. Am J Hypert 1993; 6: 542–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handwerker S M, Altura B T, Royo B, Altura B M. Ionized serum magnesium levels in umbilical cord blood of normal pregnant women in delivery: relation to calcium, demographics and birth weight. Am J Perinatal 1993; 10: 392–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resnick L M, Altura B T, Gupta R K, Laragh J H, Aideman M H, Altura B M. Intracellular and extracellular magnesium depletion in Type-2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1993; 36: 767–770
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altura B M, Altura B T, Gupta R K. Alcohol intoxication results in rapid loss in free magnesium in brain and disturbances in brain bioenergetics: Relation to cerebrova-sospasm, alcohol-induced strokes, and barbiturate anesthesia-induced deaths. Magnesium Trace Elem 1992; 10: 122–135
   Google Scholar
• Speich M, Bousquet B, Nicolas G. Reference values for ionized, complexed, and protein-bound plasma magnesium in men and women. Clin Chem 1981; 27: 246–248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroll M H, Elin R J. Relationships between magnesium and protein concentrations in serum. Clin Chem 1985; 31: 244–246
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaloga G P, Wilkens R, Tourville J, Wood D, Klyne D M. A simple method for determining physiologically active calcium and magnesium concentrations in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 1987; 15: 813–816
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reinhart R A, Fananapazir L, Cannon R O, III, Hosseini J M, Elin R J. Effective intravenous MgSO4 on blood magnesium parameters. Magnesium and Trace Elements 1990; 9: 191–197
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• England M R, Gordon G, Salem M, Chernow B. Magnesium administration and dysrhythmias after cardiac surgery. JAMA 1992; 268: 2395–2402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altura B T, Altura B M. A method for distinguishing ionized, complexed and protein-bound Mg in normal and diseased subjects. Scan J Lab Clin Invest 1994; 54(Suppl. 217)83–87
   PubMedGoogle Scholar