Definition, significance and measurement of quantities pertaining to the oxygen carrying properties of human blood

References

• Moran RF, Clausen JL, Ehrmeyer S, Fed M, Van Kessel AL, Eichhorn JH. Oxygen content, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and related quantities in blood: terminology, measurement, and reporting. 1990; Vol 12(No 11), NCCLS Document C25-T.
   Google Scholar
• Burnett RW, Covington AK, Fogh-Andersen N, Külpmann WR, Maas AHJ, Müller-Plathe O, van Kessel AL, Wimberley PD, Zijlstra WG, Siggaard-Andersen O, Weisberg HF. Definitions of quantities and conventions related to blood gases and pH. 1994, To be published
   Google Scholar
• Zwart A. Spectrophotometry of hemoglobin: various perspectives. Clin Chem 1993; 39: 1570–2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Christoforides C, Hedley-White J. Effect of temperature and hemoglobin concentration on the solubility of O2in blood. J Appl Physiol 1969; 27: 592–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roughton FJW, Severinghaus JW. Accurate determination of O2dissociation curve of human blood above 98.7% saturation with data on O2solubility in unmodified human blood from 0 to 37 °C. J Appl Physiol 1973; 35: 861–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Committee for Standardization in Haematology. Recommendations for reference method for haemoglobinometry in human blood (ICSH standardand specifications for international haemiglobin-cyanide reference preparation, 3rd ed. Clin Lab Haemat 1987 1986; 9: 73–9
   Google Scholar
• Bull BS, Houwen B, Koepke JA, Simson E, van Assendelft OW. Reference and selected procedures for quantitative determination of hemoglobin in blood, second edition; approved standard. 1994; Vol 14(NO 6), NCCLS Document H15-A2.
   Google Scholar
• Van Kampen EJ, Zijlstra WG. Spectro-photometry of hemoglobin and hemoglobin derivatives. Adv Clin Chem 1983; 23: 199–257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijkhuizen P, Buursma A, Fongers TME, Gerding AM, Oeseburg B, Zijlstra WG. The oxygen binding capacity of human haemoglobin. Hüffner's factor redetermined. Pflügers Arch 1977; 369: 223–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braunitzer G, Gehring-Müller R, Hilschmann N, Hilse K, Hobom G, Rudolf V, Withnann-Liebold B. Die Konstitution des normalen adulten Humänhhoglobins. Hoppe Seylers Z Wysiol Chem 1961; 325: 283–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zwart A, van Kampen El, Zijlstra WG. Results of routine determination of clinically significant hemoglobin derivatives by multicomponent analysis. Clin Chem 1986; 32: 972–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwant G, Oeseburg B, Zwart A, Zijlstra WG. Human whole-blood O2affinity: effect of CO2. J Appl Physiol 1988; 64: 2400–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwart A, Kwant G, Oeseburg B, Zijlstra WG. Human whole-blood oxygen affinity: Effect of temperature. J Appl Physiol 1984; 57: 429–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwart A, Kwant G, Oeseburg B, Zijlstra WG. Oxygen dissociation curves for whole blood, recorded with an instrument that continously measurespO2and SO2independently at constantt, pCO2and pH. Clin Chem 1982; 28: 1287–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wimberley PD, Burnett RW, Covington AK, Fogh-Andersen N, Maas AHJ, Müller-Plathe O, Siggaard-Andersen O, Zijlstra WG. Guidelines for routine measurement of blood hemoglobin oxygen affinity. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1990; 50: 227–34, Suppl 203
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwart A, Buursma A, Oeseburg B, Zijlstra WG. Determination of hemoglobin derivatives with the IL 282 CO-oximeter as compared with a manual spectrophotometric five-wavelength method. Clin Chem 1981; 27: 1903–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zijlstra WG, Buursma A, Zwart A. Performance of an automated six-wavelength photometer (Radiometer OSM3) for routine measurement of hemoglobin derivatives. Clin Chem 1988; 34: 149–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwant G, Oeseburg B, Zijlstra WG. Reliability of the determination of whole-blood oxygen affiinity by means of blood-gas analyzers and multiwavelength oximeters. Clin Chem 1989; 35: 773–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Severinghaus JW, Honda Y. History of blood gas analysis. VII. Pulse oximetry. J Clin Monit 1987; 3: 135–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Severinghaus JW, Astrup PB. History of blood gas analysis. VI. Oximetry. J Clin Monit 1986; 2: 270–88
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zijlstra WG, Buursma A, Meeuwsen-van der Roest WP. Absorption spectra of human fetal and adult oxyhemoglobin, de-oxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and methemoglobin. Clin Chem 1991; 37: 1633–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vegfors M, Lennmarken C. Carboxyhaemo-globinaemia and pulse oximetry. Br J Anaesth 1991; 66: 625–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee JCS, Cheung PW, Schoene RB, Kenny MA, Goldberg S. Inaccuracy of pulse oximeter readings due to carboxyhemoglobin. Ann Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 1991; 13: 1608–9
   Google Scholar
• González A, Gómez-Amau J, Pensado A. Carboxyhemoglobin and pulse oximetry. Anesthesiology 1990; 73: 573
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ralston AC, Webb RK, Runciman WB. Potential errors in pulse oximetry. I. Pulse oximeter evaluation. Anaesthesia 1991; 46: 202–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zijlstra WG, Oeseburg B. Definition and notation of hemoglobin oxygen saturation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1989; 36: 872
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wimberley PD, Siggaard-Andersen O, Fogh-Andersen N, Zijlstra WG, Severinghaus JW. Haemoglobin oxygen saturation and related quantities: defintions, symbols and clinical use. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1990; 50: 455–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zijlstra WG. Quantitative evaluation of the oxygen transport capability of human blood. Pfliigers Arch 1987; 408: S9–S10
   Google Scholar
• Zijlstra WG, Kwant G, Oeseburg B, Zwart A. Oxygen affinity of human whole blood investigated by means of a new analytic set-up. Hemoglobin, AG Schnek, C Paul. Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, Brussels 1984; 63–81
   Google Scholar
• Oeseburg B, Kwant G, Zwart A. Determination of factors modulating hemoglobin oxygen affiity and the significance of these factors for the calculation of oxygen saturation by automated blood gas machines. Blood pH, Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen and Calcium-ion, O. Siggaard-Andersen. Private Press., Copenhagen 1981; 139–150
   Google Scholar
• Huff JS, Kardon E. Carbon monoxide toxicity in a man working outdoors with a gasoline-powered hydraulic machine. New Engl J Med 1989; 320: 1564
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cobb N, Etzel RA. Unintentional carbon monoxide-related deaths in the United Statesthrough 1988. J Amer Med Ass 1991 1979; 266: 659–63
   Google Scholar
• Astrup P. Some physiological and pathological effects of moderate carbon monoxide exposure. Brit Med J 1972; 4: 447–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coburn RF. Endogenous carbon monoxide metabolism. Ann Rev Med 1973; 24: 241–50
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zwart A, Kwant G, Oeseburg B, Zijlstra WG. Human whole blood oxygen affinity: Effect of carbon monoxide. J Appl Physiol 1984; 57: 14–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piantadosi CA, Sylvia AL, Saltzman HA, Jobsis-Van der Vliet FF. Carbon monoxide-cytochrome interactions in the brain of the fluorocarbon-perfused rat. J Appl Physiol 1985; 58: 665–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mims MP, Porras AG, Olson JS, Noble RW, Peterson JA. Ligand binding to heme proteins. An evaluation of distal effects. J Biol Chem 1983; 258: 14219–32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Helbing AR, Rietveld AP, Van Kampen EJ, Zwart A, Zijlstra WG. 1985, Unpublished observation
   Google Scholar
• Zwart A, Buursma A, Van Kampen EJ, Oeseburg B, Van der Ploeg PHW, Zijlstra WG. A multiwavelength spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous determination of five haemoglobin derivatives. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1981; 19: 457–63
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zwart A, Buursma A, Van Kampen EJ, Zijlstra WG. Multicomponent analysis of hemoglobin derivatives with a reversedoptics spectrophotometer. Clin Chem 1984; 30: 373–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahoney JJ, Vreman HJ, Stevenson DK, van Kessel AL. Measurement of carboxy-hemoglobin and total hemoglobin by five specialized spectrophotometers (CO-oximeters) in comparison with reference methods. Clin Chem 1993; 39: 1693–1700
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vreman HJ, Stevenson DK. Carboxyhemoglobin determined in neonatal blood with a CO-Oximeter unaffected by fetal hemoglobin. Clin Chem 1994; 40: 1522–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dijkhuizen P, Buursma A, Gerding AM, Van Kampen El, Zijlstra WG. Carboxy-haemoglobin. Spectrophotometric determination tested and calibrated using a new reference method for measuring carbon monoxide in blood. Clin Chim Acta 1977; 80: 95–104
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sjöstrand T. A method for the determination of carboxy-haemoglobin concentrations by analysis of alveolar air. Acta Physiol Scand 1948; 16: 201–11
   Google Scholar
• Vreman HJ, Kwong LK, Stevenson DK. Carbon monoxide in blood: an improved microliter blood-sample collection system, with rapid analysis by gas chromatography. Clin Chem 1984; 30: 1382–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vreman HJ, Stevenson DK, Zwart A. Analysis for carboxyhemoglobin by gas chromatography and multicomponent spectrometry compared. Clin Chem 1987; 33: 694–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansouri A. Review: Methemoglobinemia. Amer J Med Sci 1985; 289: 200–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bum HF, Forget BG. Hemoglobin: molecular, genetic and clinical aspects. WB Saunders Companypp., Philadephia 1986; 623–633
   Google Scholar
• O'Donohue WJ, Moss LM, Angellilo VA. Acute methemoglobinemia induced by topical benzocaine and lidocaine. Arch Int Med 1980; 140: 1508–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Severinghaus JW, Xu FD, Spellman MJ. Benzocaine and methemoglobin: recommended actions. Anesthesiol 1991; 74: 385–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bedrick AD, Banner W, Balcom RJ, Bifano BM, Hakanson DO. Alert: Perioperativeneonatal methemoglobinemia. Amer J Dis Child 1984; 138: 889–90
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sprokholt R, Van Ooik S, Van den Camp RAM, Bouma BN, Zijlstra WG. Quality control material containing hemoglobin for blood gas and pH measurement: improvement of the stability of stroma-free hemoglobin solution. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1987; 47: 83–92, Suppl 188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegesh E, Hegesh J, Kaftory A. Congenital methemoglobinemia with a deficiency of cytochrome b5. New Engl J Med 1986; 314: 757–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwant G, Oeseburg B, Zwart A, Zijlstra WG. 1988, Unpublished experiments
   Google Scholar
• Kneezel LD, Kitchens CS. Phenacetin-induced sulfhemoglobinemia: Report of a case and review of the literature. Johns Hopkins Med J 1976; 139: 175–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Assendelft OW, Zijlstra WG. Hemiglobin and hemiglobinnitrite. Clin Chem 1968; 22: 918–9
   Google Scholar
• Van Assendelft OW, Zijlstra WG. The formation of haemiglobin using nitrites. Clin Chim Acts 1965; 11: 571–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evelyn KA, Malloy HT. Microdetermination of oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin in a single sample of blood. J Biol Chem 1938; 126: 655–62
   Google Scholar
• Dijkhuizen P, Buursma A, Gerding AM, Zijlstra WG. Sulfhemoglobin. Absorption spectrum, millimolar extinction coefficient at = 620 nm, and interference with the determination of haemiglobin and of haemiglobincyanide. Clin Chim Acta 1977; 78: 479–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mook GA, Buursma A, Gerding A, Kwant G, Zijlstra WG. Spectrophotometric determination of oxygen saturation of blood independent of the presence of indocyanine green. Cardiovasc Res 1979; 13: 233–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moore SJ, Norris JC, Walsh DA, Hume AS. Antidotal use of methemoglobin forming cyanide antagonists in concurrent carbon monoxiddcyanide intoxication. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1987; 242: 70–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodman AC, Bright JE, Mans TC. The effect of oxygen on in vitro studies on methemoglobin production in man and dog blood using 4–dimethylaminophenol. Hemoglobin 1988; 12: 53–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zijlstra WG, Buursma A. Multicomponent analysis of hemoglobin derivatives as an aid in the treatment of patients with cyanide poisoning. Methodology and clinical applications of blood gases, pH, electrolytes and sensor technology., RF Moran, AL VanKessel. Monterey 1990; Vol. 12.: 119–126, IFCC/WGSE-AACC/EBGD Symposium.
   Google Scholar
• Zijlstra WG, Buursma A. Multicomponent analysis of hemoglobin derivatives including methemoglobin cyanide [Abstract]. Clin Chem 1990; 36: 975
   Google Scholar
• Zjlstra WG, Buursma A. Rapid multi-component analysis of hemoglobin derivatives for controlled antidotal use of met-hemoglobin-forming agents in cyanide poisoning. Clin Chem 1993; 39: 1685–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moncada S, Palmer RMJ, Higgs EA. Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 1991; 43: 109–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wennmalm Å, Benthin G, Petersson AS. Dependence of the metabolism of nitric oxide (NO) in healthy human whole blood on the oxygenation of its red cell haemoglobin. Br J Pharmacol 1992; 106: 507–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrico RJ, Blumberg WE, Peisach J. The reversible binding of oxygen to sulfhemoglobin. J Biol Chem 1978; 253: 7212–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silver D, Brown IW, Jr, Eadie GS. Studies of experimental sulfhemoglobinemia. J Lab ClinMed 1956; 48: 79–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar