Preadmission use of SSRIs alone or in combination with NSAIDs and 30-day mortality after peptic ulcer bleeding

References

• Danish Medicines Agency. Statistik for lægemidler og lægemiddelgrupper, 2003–2007. Danish Medicines Agency. 2008. Danish Medicines Agency, Copenhagen, Denmark. 23-10-2008.
   Google Scholar
• Loke YK, Trivedi AN, Singh S. Meta-analysis: gastrointestinal bleeding due to interaction between selective serotonin uptake inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;27:31–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mort JR, Aparasu RR, Baer RK. Interaction between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: review of the literature. Pharmacotherapy 2006;26:1307–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halperin D, Reber G. Influence of antidepressants on hemostasis. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2007;9:47–59.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vreeburg EM, Terwee CB, Snel P, Rauws EA, Bartelsman JF, Meulen JH, Validation of the Rockall risk scoring system in upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Gut 1999;44:331–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barkun A, Bardou M, Marshall JK. Consensus recommendations for managing patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Ann Intern Med 2003;139:843–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomsen RW, Riis A, Christensen S, McLaughlin JK, Sorensen HT. Outcome of peptic ulcer bleeding among users of traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;24:1431–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bair MJ, Robinson RL, Katon W, Kroenke K. Depression and pain comorbidity: a literature review. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2433–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unutzer J, Ferrell B, Lin EH, Marmon T. Pharmacotherapy of pain in depressed older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2004;52:1916–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dalton SO, Sorensen HT, Johansen C. SSRIs and upper gastrointestinal bleeding: what is known and how should it influence prescribing?. CNS Drugs 2006;20:143–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen CB, Gotzsche H, Moller JO, Mortensen PB. The Danish Civil Registration System. A cohort of eight million persons. Dan Med Bull 2006;53:441–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tatsumi M, Groshan K, Blakely RD, Richelson E. Pharmacological profile of antidepressants and related compounds at human monoamine transporters. Eur J Pharmacol 1997;340:249–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia Rodriguez LA, Cattaruzzi C, Troncon MG, Agostinis L. Risk of hospitalization for upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding associated with ketorolac, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, calcium antagonists, and other antihypertensive drugs. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:33–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blot WJ, Fischer T, Nielsen GL, Friis S, Mumma M, Lipworth L, Outcome of upper gastro-intestinal bleeding and use of ibuprofen versus paracetamol. Pharm World Sci 2004;26:319–23.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nielsen GL, Sorensen HT, Mellemkjoer L, Blot WJ, McLaughlin JK, Tage-Jensen U, Risk of hospitalization resulting from upper gastrointestinal bleeding among patients taking corticosteroids: a register–based cohort study. Am J Med 2001;111:541–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnsen SP, Sorensen HT, Mellemkjoer L, Blot WJ, Nielsen GL, McLaughlin JK, Hospitalisation for upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with use of oral anticoagulants. Thromb Haemost 2001;86:563–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stack WA, Atherton JC, Hawkey GM, Logan RF, Hawkey CJ. Interactions between Helicobacter pylori and other risk factors for peptic ulcer bleeding. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002;16:497–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsoekh D, van Leerdam ME, Rauws EA, Tytgat GN. Outcome of peptic ulcer bleeding, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and Helicobacter pylori infection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;3:859–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldessarini RJ. Drug therapy of depression and anxiety disorders. In: Brunton LL, Lazo JS, Parker KL, editors. Goodman & Gilmans's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2006. pp 429–59.
   Google Scholar
• Meijer WE, Heerdink ER, Nolen WA, Herings RM, Leufkens HG. Egberts AC. Association of risk of abnormal bleeding with degree of serotonin reuptake inhibition by antidepressants. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:2367–70.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Munk-Jorgensen P, Mortensen PB. The Danish Psychiatric Central Register. Dan Med Bull 1997;44:82–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deyo RA, Cherkin DC, Ciol MA. Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. J Clin Epidemiol 1992;45:613–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoenborn CA. Marital status and health: United States, 1999–2002. Adv Data 2004;351:1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Christensen S, Riis A, Norgaard M, Sorensen HT, Thomsen RW. Short-term mortality after perforated or bleeding peptic ulcer among elderly patients: a population-based cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2007;7:8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mose H, Larsen M, Riis A, Johnsen SP, Thomsen RW, Sorensen HT. Thirty-day mortality after peptic ulcer bleeding in hospitalized patients receiving low-dose aspirin at time of admission. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2006;4:244–50.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thomsen RW, Riis A, Christensen S, Norgaard M, Sorensen HT. Diabetes and 30-day mortality from peptic ulcer bleeding and perforation: a Danish population-based cohort study. Diabetes Care 2006;29:805–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen S, Riis A, Norgaard M, Thomsen RW, Sorensen HT. Introduction of newer selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and rates of hospitalization with bleeding and perforated peptic ulcer. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;25:907–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nickelsen TN. Data validity and coverage in the Danish National Health Registry. A literature review. Ugeskr Laeger 2001;164:33–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lassen A, Hallas J, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell OB. Complicated and uncomplicated peptic ulcers in a Danish county 1993–2002: a population-based cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:945–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen DG, Gichangi A, Vach W, Felde LH, Larsen J. Early discontinuation: more frequent among general practitioners with high levels of prescribing. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2007;63:861–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bull SA, Hunkeler EM, Lee JY, Rowland CR, Williamson TE, Schwab JR, Discontinuing or switching selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:578–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ray WA. Evaluating medication effects outside of clinical trials: new-user designs. Am J Epidemiol 2003;158:915–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levenstein S. The very model of a modern etiology: a biopsychosocial view of peptic ulcer. Psychosom Med 2000;62:176–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Layton D, Clark DW, Pearce GL, Shakir SA. Is there an association between selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and risk abnormal bleeding? Results from a cohort study based on prescription event monitoring in England. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2001;57:167–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lautenbacher S, Krieg JC. Pain perception in psychiatric disorders: a review of the literature. J Psychiatr Res 1994;28:109–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hojo M, Miwa H, Yokoyama T, Ohkusa T, Nagahara A, Kawabe M, Treatment of functional dyspepsia with antianxiety or antidepressive agents: systematic review. J Gastroenterol 2005;40:1036–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNally MA, Talley NJ. Current treatments in functional dyspepsia. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2007;10:157–68.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Draper B, Berman K. Tolerability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Drugs Aging 2008;25:501–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Leerdam ME. Epidemiology of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2008;22:209–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar