Antibiotic or bacterial therapy in post-giardiasis irritable bowel syndrome

References

• Hanevik K, Dizdar V, Langeland N, Hausken T. Development of functional gastrointestinal disorders after Giardia lamblia infection. BMC Gastroenterol 2009;9:27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di SM, Miceli E, Missanelli A, Mazzocchi S, Tana P, Corazza GR. Role of colonic fermentation in the perception of colonic distention in irritable bowel syndrome and functional bloating. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;4:1242–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimentel M, Chow EJ, Lin HC. Eradication of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:3503–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimentel M, Park S, Mirocha J, Kane SV, Kong Y. The effect of a nonabsorbed oral antibiotic (rifaximin) on the symptoms of the irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2006;145:557–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang ZD, DuPont HL. Rifaximin: in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity–-a review. Chemotherapy 2005;51:67–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauritano EC, Gabrielli M, Lupascu A, Santoliquido A, Nucera G, Scarpellini E, Rifaximin dose-finding study for the treatment of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:31–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharara AI, Aoun E, Abdul-Baki H, Mounzer R, Sidani S, Elhajj I. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of rifaximin in patients with abdominal bloating and flatulence. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:326–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roos K, Hakansson EG, Holm S. Effect of recolonisation with “interfering” alpha streptococci on recurrences of acute and secretory otitis media in children: randomised placebo controlled trial. BMJ 2001;322:210–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwan A, Sjolin S, Trottestam U, Aronsson B. Relapsing Clostridium difficile enterocolitis cured by rectal infusion of normal faeces. Scand J Infect Dis 1984;16:211–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lund-Tonnesen S, Berstad A, Schreiner A, Midtvedt T. [Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea treated with homologous feces. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1998;118:1027–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aas J, Gessert CE, Bakken JS. Recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis: case series involving 18 patients treated with donor stool administered via a nasogastric tube. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:580–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morken MH, Nysaeter G, Strand EA, Hausken T, Berstad A. Lactulose breath test results in patients with persistent abdominal symptoms following Giardia lamblia infection. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008;43:141–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustafsson A, Berstad A, Lund-Tonnesen S, Midtvedt T, Norin E. The effect of faecal enema on five microflora-associated characteristics in patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Scand J Gastroenterol 1999;34:580–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorup-Ronstrom C, Hakanson A, Persson AK, Midtvedt T, Norin E. [Feces culture successful therapy in Clostridium difficile diarrhea] Lakartidningen 2006;103:3603–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kane SV, Sandborn WJ, Rufo PA, Zholudev A, Boone J, Lyerly D, Fecal lactoferrin is a sensitive and specific marker in identifying intestinal inflammation. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:1309–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathias JR, Clench MH, Reeves-Darby VG, Fox LM, Hsu PH, Roberts PH, Effect of leuprolide acetate in patients with moderate to severe functional bowel disease. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Dig Dis Sci 1994;39:1155–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farup PG, Monsbakken KW, Vandvik PO. Lactose malabsorption in a population with irritable bowel syndrome: prevalence and symptoms. A case-control study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004;39:645–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zijlstra JB, Beukema J, Wolthers BG, Byrne BM, Groen A, Dankert J. Pretreatment methods prior to gaschromatographic analysis of volatile fatty acids from faecal samples. Clin Chim Acta 1977;78:243–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoverstad T, Fausa O, Bjorneklett A, Bohmer T. Short-chain fatty acids in the normal human feces. Scand J Gastroenterol 1984;19:375–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berstad A, Rutlin E. [Fat in feces]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 1976;96:1651–3.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rhodes JM, Middleton P, Jewell DP. The lactulose hydrogen breath test as a diagnostic test for small-bowel bacterial overgrowth. Scand J Gastroenterol 1979;14:333–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimentel M, Lin HC, Enayati P, van den Burg B, Lee HR, Chen JH, Methane, a gas produced by enteric bacteria, slows intestinal transit and augments small intestinal contractile activity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2006;290:G1089–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright SG, Tomkins AM, Ridley DS. Giardiasis: clinical and therapeutic aspects. Gut 1977;18:343–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cann PA, Read NW, Cammack J, Childs H, Holden S, Kashman R, Psychological stress and the passage of a standard meal through the stomach and small intestine in man. Gut 1983;24:236–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Read NW, Al-Janabi MN, Holgate AM, Barber DC, Edwards CA. Simultaneous measurement of gastric emptying, small bowel residence and colonic filling of a solid meal by the use of the gamma camera. Gut 1986;27:300–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchinson R, Notghi A, Smith NB, Harding LK, Kumar D. Scintigraphic measurement of ileocaecal transit in irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation. Gut 1995;36:585–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebden JM, Blackshaw E, D'Amato M, Perkins AC, Spiller RC. Abnormalities of GI transit in bloated irritable bowel syndrome: effect of bran on transit and symptoms. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:2315–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonsson G, Midtvedt AC, Norman A, Midtvedt T. Intestinal microbial bile acid transformation in healthy infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1995;20:394–402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanevik K, Hausken T, Morken MH, Strand EA, Morch K, Coll P, Persisting symptoms and duodenal inflammation related to Giardia duodenalis infection. J Infect 2007;55:524–30.
   Google Scholar
• Akiho H, Deng Y, Blennerhassett P, Kanbayashi H, Collins SM. Mechanisms underlying the maintenance of muscle hypercontractility in a model of postinfective gut dysfunction. Gastroenterology 2005;129:131–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jouet P, Sabate JM, Coffin B, Bouhnik Y, Lemann M, Jian R, Sugar intolerance: origin and mechanisms of symptoms? Dig Dis Sci 2002;47:886–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morken MH, Berstad AE, Nysaeter G, Berstad A. Intestinal gas in plain abdominal radiographs does not correlate with symptoms after lactulose challenge. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;19:589–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siigur U, Norin KE, Allgoods G, Schlagheck T, Midtvedt T. Concentrations and correlations of fecal short-chain fatty acids and fecal water content in man. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 1994;7:287–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruppin H, Bar-Meir S, Soergel KH, Wood CM, Schmitt MG, Jr. Absorption of short-chain fatty acids by the colon. Gastroenterology 1980;78:1500–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortensen PB, Andersen JR, Arffmann S, Krag E. Short-chain fatty acids and the irritable bowel syndrome: the effect of wheat bran. Scand J Gastroenterol 1987;22:185–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Treem WR, Ahsan N, Kastoff G, Hyams JS. Fecal short-chain fatty acids in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: in vitro studies of carbohydrate fermentation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1996;23:280–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourdu S, Dapoigny M, Chapuy E, Artigue F, Vasson MP, Dechelotte P, Rectal instillation of butyrate provides a novel clinically relevant model of noninflammatory colonic hypersensitivity in rats. Gastroenterology 2005;128:1996–2008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La JH, Kim TW, Sung TS, Kang JW, Kim HJ, Yang IS. Visceral hypersensitivity and altered colonic motility after subsidence of inflammation in a rat model of colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2003;9:2791–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy CC, Kien CL, Bouthillier L, Levy E. Short-chain fatty acids: ready for prime time? Nutr Clin Pract 2006;21:351–66.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar