Transmural endoscopic necrosectomy of infected pancreatic necroses and drainage of infected pseudocysts: A tailored approach

References

• Banks PA, Freeman ML. Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology Practice guidelines in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:2379–400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brisinda G, Vanella S, Crocco A, Mazzari A, Tomaiuolo P, Santullo F, Severe acute pancreatitis: advances and insights in assessment of severity and management. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011;23:541–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozarek RA, Brayko CM, Harlan J, Sanowski RA, Cintora I, Kovac A. Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. Gastrointest Endosc 1985;31:322–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binmoeller KF, Soehendra N. Endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 1995;5:805–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Giovannini M, Bernardini D, Seitz JF. Cystogastrotomy entirely performed under endosonography guidance for pancreatic pseudocyst: results in six patients. Gastrointest Endosc 1998;48:200–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seifert H, Wehrmann T, Schmitt T, Zeuzem S, Caspary WF. Retroperitoneal endoscopic debridement for infected peripancreatic necrosis. Lancet 2000;356:653–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson MD, Walsh RM, Henderson JM, Brown N, Ponsky J, Dumot J, Surgical versus nonsurgical management of pancreatic pseudocysts. J Clin Gastroenterol 2009;43:586–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horvath KD, Kao LS, Ali A, Wherry KL, Pellegrini CA, Sinanan MN. Laparoscopic assisted percutaneous drainage of infected pancreatic necrosis. Surg Endosc 2001;15:677–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castellanos G, Piñero A, Serrano A, Parrilla P. Infected pancreatic necrosis: translumbar approach and management with retroperitoneoscopy. Arch Surg 2002;137:1060–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raraty MG, Halloran CM, Dodd S, Ghaneh P, Connor S, Evans J, Minimal access retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy: improvement in morbidity and mortality with a less invasive approach. Ann Surg 2010;251:787–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charnley RM, Lochan R, Gray H, O'Sullivan CB, Scott J, Oppong KE. Endoscopic necrosectomy as primary therapy in the management of infected pancreatic necrosis. Endoscopy 2006;38:925–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gardner TB, Chahal P, Papachristou GI, Vege SS, Petersen BT, Gostout CJ, A comparison of direct endoscopic necrosectomy with transmural endoscopic drainage for the treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Gastrointest Endosc 2009;69:1085–94.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seifert H, Biermer M, Schmitt W, Jürgensen C, Will U, Gerlach R, Transluminal endoscopic necrosectomy after acute pancreatitis: a multicentre study with long-term follow-up (the GEPARD Study). Gut 2009;58:1260–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernández-del Castillo C, Rattner DW, Makary MA, Mostafavi A, McGrath D, Warshaw AL. Debridement and closed packing for the treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis. Ann Surg 1998;228:676–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez JR, Razo AO, Targarona J, Thayer SP, Rattner DW, Warshaw AL, Debridement and closed packing for sterile or infected necrotizing pancreatitis: insights into indications and outcomes in 167 patients. Ann Surg 2008;247:294–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG, Bakker OJ, Hofker HS, Boermeester MA, Dejong CH, A step-up approach or open necrosectomy for necrotizing pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1491–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieuwenhuijs VB, Besselink MG, van Minnen LP, Gooszen HG. Surgical management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis: a 13-year experience and a systematic review. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 2003;111–16.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farkas G, Márton J, Mándi Y, Leindler L. Surgical management and complex treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis: 18-year experience at a single center. J Gastrointest Surg 2006;10:278–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acute Pancreatitis Classification Working Group: Revision of the Atlanta classification of acute pancreatitis. 2008. Available from http://www.pancreasclub.com/resources/AtlantaClassfication.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Varadarajulu S, Christein JD, Tamhane A, Drelichman ER, Wilcox CM. Prospective randomized trial comparing EUS and EGD for transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. Gastrointest Endosc 2008;68:1102–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coelho D, Ardengh JC, Eulálio JM, Manso JE, Mönkemüller K, Coelho JF. Management of infected and sterile pancreatic necrosis by programmed endoscopic necrosectomy. Dig Dis 2008;26:364–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krüger M, Schneider AS, Manns MP, Meier PN. Endoscopic management of pancreatic pseudocysts or abscesses after an EUS-guided 1-step procedure for initial access. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;63:409–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Libera ED, Siqueira ES, Morais M, Rohr MR, Brant CQ, Ardengh JC, Pancreatic pseudocysts transpapillary and transmural drainage. HPB Surg 2000;11:333–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baron TH, Harewood GC, Morgan DE, Yates MR. Outcome differences after endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis, acute pancreatic pseudocysts, and chronic pancreatic pseudocysts. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:7–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahen D, Rauws E, Fockens P, Weverling G, Huibregtse K, Bruno M. Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts: long-term outcome and procedural factors associated with safe and successful treatment. Endoscopy 2005;37:977–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haghshenasskashani A, Laurence JM, Kwan V, Johnston E, Hollands MJ, Richardson AJ, Endoscopic necrosectomy of pancreatic necrosis: a systematic review. Surg Endosc 2011;25:3724–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papachristou GI, Takahashi N, Chahal P, Sarr MG, Baron TH. Peroral endoscopic drainage/debridement of walled-off pancreatic necrosis. Ann Surg 2007;245:943–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voermans RP, Veldkamp MC, Rauws EA, Bruno MJ, Fockens P. Endoscopic transmural debridement of symptomatic organized pancreatic necrosis (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2007;66:909–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varadarajulu S, Bang JY, Phadnis MA, Christein JD, Wilcox CM. Endoscopic transmural drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections: outcomes and predictors of treatment success in 211 consecutive patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2011;15:2080–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heiss P, Bruennler T, Salzberger B, Lang S, Langgartner J, Feuerbach S, Severe acute pancreatitis requiring drainage therapy: findings on computed tomography as predictor of patient outcome. Pancreatology 2010;10:726–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belle S, Collet P, Post S, Kaehler G. Temporary cystogastrostomy with self-expanding metallic stents for pancreatic necrosis. Endoscopy 2010;42:493–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talreja JP, Shami VM, Ku J, Morris TD, Ellen K, Kahaleh M. Transenteric drainage of pancreatic-fluid collections with fully covered self-expanding metallic stents (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2008;68:1199–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng YB, Huang J, Qin S, Wu J, Mao EQ, Tang YQ, Investigation of distribution of bacteria and fungi in severe acute pancreatitis. 2010;48:496–501.
   Google Scholar
• Mai G, Gloor B, Uhl W, Mueller CA, Tcholakov O, Büchler MW. Routine antibiotic prophylaxis in necrotizing pancreatitis increased gram-positive infections. Digestion 1999;60:367.
   Google Scholar
• Noor MT, Radhakrishna Y, Kochhar R, Ray P, Wig JD, Sinha SK, Bacteriology of infection in severe acute pancreatitis. JOP 2011;12:19–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar