References
- Longstreth GF, Thompson WG, Chey WD, Houghton LA, Mearin F, Spiller RC. Functional bowel disorders. Gastroenterology 2006;130:1480–91.
- Ishihara S, Yashima K, Kushiyama Y, Izumi A, Kawashima K, Fujishiro H, et al. Prevalence of organic colonic lesions in patients meeting rome III criteria for diagnosis of IBS: a prospective multi-center study utilizing colonoscopy. J Gastroenterol 2012;47:1084–90.
- Grundmann O, Yoon SL. Irritable bowel syndrome: epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment: an update for health care practitioners. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;25:691–9.
- Spiller R, Aziz Q, Creed F, Emmanuel A, Houghton L, Hungin P, et al. Guidelines on the irritable bowel syndrome: mechanisms and practical management. Gut 2007;56:1770–98.
- Khan S, Chang L. Diagnosis and management of IBS. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;7:565–81.
- Öhman L, Simrén M. Pathogenesis of IBS: role of inflammation, immunity and neuroimmune interactions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;7:163–73.
- Stasi C, Rosselli M, Bellini M, Laffi G, Milani S. Altered neuro-endocrine–immune pathways in the irritable bowel syndrome: the top-down and the bottom-up model. J Gastroenterol 2012;47:1177–85.
- Ahl A, Mikocka-Walus A, Gordon A, Andrews JM. Are self-administered or minimal therapist contact psychotherapies an effective treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a systematic review. J Psychosom Res 2013;75:113–20.
- Ford AC, Talley NJ. Mucosal inflammation as a potential etiological factor in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review. J Gastroenterol 2011;46:421–31.
- Ishihara S, Aziz M, Oshima N, Mishima Y, Imaoka H, Moriyama I, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease: infectious gastroenteritis-related disorders? Clin J Gastroenterol 2009;2:9–16.
- Ishihara S, Tada Y, Fukuba N, Oka A, Kusunoki R, Mishima Y, et al. Pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome-review regarding associated infection and immune activation. Digestion 2013;87:204–11.
- Spiller RC. Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2003;124:1662–71.
- Spiller R, Garsed K. Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2009;136:1979–88.
- Spiller R. Serotonin, inflammation, and IBS: fitting the jigsaw together? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2007;45:S115–19.
- Halpin SJ, Ford AC. Prevalence of symptoms meeting criteria for irritable bowel syndrome in inflammatory bowel disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:1474–82.
- Porter CK, Cash BD, Pimentel M, Akinseye A, Riddle MS. Risk of inflammatory bowel disease following a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome. BMC Gastroenterol 2012;12:55.
- Rodriguez LG, Ruigómez A, Wallander M, Johansson S, Olbe L. Detection of colorectal tumor and inflammatory bowel disease during follow-up of patients with initial diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000;35:306–11.
- Spiller R, Lam C. The shifting interface between IBS and IBD. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011;11:586–92.
- Isgar B, Harman M, Kaye M, Whorwell P. Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in ulcerative colitis in remission. Gut 1983;24:190–2.
- Simrén M, Axelsson J, Gillberg R, Abrahamsson H, Svedlund J, Björnsson ES. Quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease in remission: the impact of IBS-like symptoms and associated psychological factors. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:389–96.
- Ansari R, Attari F, Razjouyan H, Etemadi A, Amjadi H, Merat S, et al. Ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome: relationships with quality of life. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;20:46–50.
- Farrokhyar F, Marshall JK, Easterbrook B, Irvine EJ. Functional gastrointestinal disorders and mood disorders in patients with inactive inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and impact on health. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006;12:38–46.
- Minderhoud IM, Oldenburg B, Wismeijer JA. Henegouwen, Gerard P Van Berge, Smout AJ. IBS-like symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission; relationships with quality of life and coping behavior. Dig Dis Sci 2004;49:469–74.
- Rachmilewitz D. Coated mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) versus sulphasalazine in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis: a randomised trial. BMJ 1989;298:82–6.
- Matts SG. The value of rectal biopsy in the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Q J Med 1961;30:393–407.
- Zallot C, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Deep remission in inflammatory bowel disease: looking beyond symptoms. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2013;15:315.
- Hibi T, Sameshima Y, Sekiguchi Y, Hisatome Y, Maruyama F, Moriwaki K, et al. Treating ulcerative colitis by Adacolumn therapeutic leucocytapheresis: clinical efficacy and safety based on surveillance of 656 patients in 53 centres in Japan. Dig Liver Dis 2009;41:570–7.
- Keohane J, O'Mahony C, O'Mahony L, O'Mahony S, Quigley EM, Shanahan F. Irritable bowel syndrome–type symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a real association or reflection of occult inflammation? Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:1789–94.
- Guilarte M, Santos J, de Torres I, Alonso C, Vicario M, Ramos L, et al. Diarrhoea-predominant IBS patients show mast cell activation and hyperplasia in the jejunum. Gut 2007;56:203–9.
- Chadwick VS, Chen W, Shu D, Paulus B, Bethwaite P, Tie A, et al. Activation of the mucosal immune system in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2002;122:1778–83.