REFERENCES
- Alessandri, R. (1941) p. 608A in Nelson New Loose-Leaf Surgery, Vol. V, Thomas Nelson & Sons, New York, London, and Edinburgh.
- Andreassen, M. & Lindenberg, J. (1959) Late postoperative ‘haemobilia’ treated with peripheral ligation of the hepatic artery. Surgery 46, 870–872.
- Barzilai, R. & Kleckner, M. S. (1956) Haemocholecyst following ruptured aneurysm of portal vein. Arch. Surg. 72, 725–727.
- Berman, J. K., Koenig, H. & Muller, L. P. (1951) Ligation of hepatic and splenic arteries in treatment of portal hypertension. Arch. Surg. 63, 379–389.
- Bockus, H. L. (1963) p. 189 in Gastroenterology Vol. I., 2nd edition, W. B. Saunders & Co., Philadelphia and London.
- Brown, D. B., Strang, R., Gordon, J. & Hendry, E. B. (1961) Primary carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile-ducts. Brit. J. Surg. 49, 22–28.
- Campbell, D. A. (1955) Intracholedochal haemorrhage. Ann. Surg. 141, 125–128.
- Christopher, F. & Savage, J. K. (1948) Apoplexy of the gall bladder. Surgery 24, 864–866.
- Cohen, Y., Chow, K. W. & Seah, C. S. (1966) Intrahepatic aneurysm preoperatively diagnosed and treated by resection. Brit. J. Surg. 53, 602–606.
- Cooper, W. A. (1937) Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Ann. Surg. 106, 1009–1034.
- Dagradi, A. E. & Meister, L. (1959) Massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage originating in the pancreas. Gastroenterology 36, 269–272.
- De Courcy, J. L. (1927) Gastric haemorrhage associated with cholecystitis. Cincinn. J. Med. 7, 613.
- Deschamps, J. M. (1959) Haemobilia post-operatoria. Bol. Acad. Argent. Cir. 43, 112.
- Eustermann, G. B. (1913) Incidence and diagnostic value of blood or haemorrhage in gastric and intestinal lesions, clinical and statistical study. St. Paul med. J. 15, 587–595.
- Fisher, E. R. & Creed, D. L. (1956) Clot formation in the common duct. Arch. Surg. 73, 261–265.
- Fitzpatrick, T. J. (1961) Haemocholecyst. A neglected cause of gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Ann. intern. Med. 55, 1008–1013.
- Gordon-Taylor, G. (1943) A rare cause of severe gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage (with a note on aneurysm of the hepatic artery). Brit. med. J. I, 504–505.
- Goulston, E. (1955) Massive haemobilia from a hydatid cyst of the liver. Aust. N.Z. J. Surg. 25, 302–303.
- Grant, J. L., Fitts, W. T. & Ravdin, I. S. (1950) Aneurysm of the hepatic artery. Surg. Gynec. Obstet. 91, 527–532.
- Grove, W. J. (1961) Biliary tract haemorrhage as a cause of haematemesis. Arch. Surg. 83, 67–72.
- Hawthorne, H. R., Oakes, W. W. & Neese, P. H. (1941) Liver injuries with a case report of repeated haemorrhages through the biliary ducts. Surgery 9, 358–360.
- Heusser, H. (1925) Die blutende Gallenblase. Münch. med. Wschr. 12, 2007–2009.
- Horsburgh, A. G. & Levi, A. J. (1963) Haematocele of the gallbladder, Brit. J. Surg. 50, 844–845.
- Hudson, P. B. & Johnson, P. P. (1946) Haemorrhage from the gall bladder. New Engl. J. Med. 234, 438–441.
- Huguein, B. (1903) Über einen Fall von Gallenblasenruptur mit tötlicher Blutung infolge eines Carcinoma haematodes an der Vereinigungs-stelle der drei Hauptgallengange. Virchows Arch. path. Anat. 173, 552–570.
- Jarvis, L. & Hodes, P. J. (1954) Aneurysm of the hepatic artery demonstrated roentogenographically. Amer. J. Roentgenol. 72, 1037–1040.
- Kaplan, A. A., Frobese, A. & Bockus, H. L. (1954) An unusual complication of needle biopsy of the liver. Gastroenterology 27, 227–230.
- Karam, J. H. & Jacobs, T. (1961) Haemobilia: Report of a case of massive gastrointestinal tract bleeding originating from a hepatic abscess. Ann. int. Med. 54, 319–326.
- Katzenstein, R. & Ryan, A. J. (1956) Rupture of liver with fatal haemorrhage due to intrahepatic vascular disease. J. Amer. med. Ass. 161, 199–204.
- Kehr, H. (1903) Der erste Fall von afolgeicher Untubinding der Arteria hepatica propina wegen Aneurysona. Münch, med. Wschr. 1, 1861–1867.
- Kehrer, J. K. W. & De Minjer, A. (1951) Peptic ulcer of the gall bladder. Arch. Chir. Need. 3, 151–156.
- Kerr, H. H., Mensh, M. & Gould, E. A. (1950) Biliary tract haemorrhage: A source of massive gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Ann. Surg. 131, 790–795.
- Lichtman, S. S. (1936) Gastrointestinal bleeding in disease of the liver and biliary tract. Amer. J. dig. Dis. 3, 439–445.
- MacKay, A. G. & Page, H. G. (1959) Haematemesis associated with haemobilia: Report of a case due to an intrahepatic-artery aneurysm with survival. New Engl. J. Med. 260, 468–471.
- McNair, T. J. (1959) Aneurysm of the hepatic artery. J. roy. Coll. Surg. Edinb. 4, 327–337.
- McSweeney, E. J. (1912) Enormous angioma of the liver. J. Path. Bact. 16, 401.
- Markowitz, J. A., Rappaport, A. & Scott, A. C. (1949) Prevention of liver necrosis following ligation of hepatic artery. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 70, 305.
- Mast, W. H. & Streamer, C. W. (1933) Primary carcinoma of liver with spontaneous rupture. J. Amer. med. Ass. 100, 1684.
- Moody, F. & Thorbjarnarson, B. (1964) Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Amer. J. Surg. 107, 572–579.
- Mouzas, G. L. (1960) Torsion of the gall bladder in a kyphoscoliotic patient. Postgrad, med. J. 36, 686–687.
- Niléhn, J. E., Aronsen, K. F. & Ericsson, B. (1967) Changes in blood clotting factors after massive liver resection and total hepatectomy in dogs. Acta. chir. scand. 133, 183–188.
- Noskin, E. A., Strauss, A. A. & Strauss, S. F. (1949) Spontaneous internal biliary fistula. Ann. Surg. 130, 270–276.
- Owen, H. K. (1848) Case of lacerated liver. London med. Gaz. 7, 1048–1054.
- Penn, I. (1962) Injuries of the gall bladder. Brit. J. Surg. 49, 636–641.
- Poulos, E., Wilkinson, L. H., Simms, A. G. & Floyd, V. T. (1964) Traumatic haemobilia treated by massive liver resection. Arch. Surg. 88, 596–601.
- Rabinovitch, J. & Rabinovitch, P. (1954) Massive bleeding from common bile duct caused by indwelling T-tube. Arch. Surg. 69, 849–852.
- Rademaker, L. (1943) Spontaneous rupture of liver complicating pregnancy. Ann. Surg. 118, 396–401.
- Reinhoff, W. F. & Woods, A. C. (1953) Ligation of hepatic and splenic arteries in treatment of cirrhosis with ascites. J. Amer. med. Ass. 152, 687–690.
- Ridgeley, F. H. (1952) Cholelithiasis causing blood in the stools. Arch. Surg. 64, 525–526.
- Rose, T. F. (1961) Haemobilia as a cause of gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage. Aust. N.Z. J. Surg. 31, 66–70.
- Rosenbaum, J. M. & Johnston, C. (1966) Haemobilia with multiple liver abscesses and ascariasis. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 112, 82–86.
- Rudstrom, P. (1951) Haemobilia in malignant tumours of the liver. Acta. chir. scand. 101, 243.
- Sandblom, P. (1948) Haemorrhage into the biliary tract following trauma - ‘traumatic haemobilia’. Surgery 24, 571–586.
- Sandblom, P. (1963) Congr. int. Soc. Surg. 20 (Rome), 867–883.
- Shohl, T. (1964) Hepatic artery ligation for massive haemobilia. Surgery 56, 855–860.
- Shu-Chen, C., K'uei, S., San-Kuang, H., Chi-Yao, J., En-Tuo, H., Chen-Lung, H. & Li-Jen, F. (1963) VIII National Congress of Surgery, Peking 28,
- Sparkman, R. S. & Fogelman, M. J. (1954) Wounds of the liver. Ann. Surg. 139, 690–713.
- Stahl, W. M. (1959) Gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage due to gall bladder disease. New Engl. J. Med. 260, 471–474.
- Steffee, C. H., Bigelow, R. B., Dunning, E. J. & Mock, G. (1964) Abdominal colic and haematemesis associated with gall bladder haemorrhage. Amer. J. Surg. 107, 781–784.
- Stokes, W. (1834) Researches on diagnosis and pathology of aneurysm. Dublin J. med. chem. Sci. 5, 400–440.
- Sworn, B. R. (1960) Traumatic haemobilia with severe haematemesis and melaena. Brit. J. Surg. 47, 254–256.
- Terry, R. (1952) Risks of needle biopsy of the liver. Brit. med. J. I, 1102–1105.
- Teter, F. J. (1954) Massive haemorrhage from benign adenoma of the bile duct causing death. Michigan med. Soc. 53, 62.
- Van Heerden, J. A., Judd, E. S. & Dockerty, M. B. (1967) Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Amer. J. Surg. 113, 49–55.
- Vidgoff, I. J. & Lewis, A. (1961) Acute haemorrhage from aberrant pancreatic tissue in the gall bladder. Calif. Med. 94, 317–319.
- Whitman, E. J., Buie, L. A., Huizenga, K. A. & Waugh, J. M. (1960) Cystic artery — cystic duct fistula: an unusual cause of gastrointestinal haemorrhage: report of a case. Proc. Mayo Clin. 35, 551–554.
- Wilson, J. (1819) Lectures on the Blood and Vascular System before the Royal College of Surgeons of London, 379. Burgess & Hill, London.