Morphologic Changes in the Small Intestine after Chronic Alcohol Consumption

References

• Wilson F A, Hoyumpa A M. Ethanol and small intcstinal transport. Prog Gastroentcrol 1979; 76: 388–403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bode J C. Alcohol and the gastrointestinal tract. Ergeb Inn Med Kinderheilkd 1980; 45: 1–75
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Green P. Alcohol, nutrition and malabsorption. Clin Gastroenterol 1983; 12: 563–574
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• World M J, Ryle P R, Thomson A D. Alcoholic malnutrition and thc small intcstinc. Alcohol Alcoholism 1985; 20: 89–124
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieber C S. Medical disorders of alcoholism. Pathogenesis and treatment, L H Smith. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia 1982, Major problems in internal medicine; vol XXII
   Google Scholar
• Hoyumpa A M. Mechanisms of vitamin deficiencies in alcoholism. Clin Exp Res 1986; 10: 571–582
   Google Scholar
• Beck I T, Dinda P K. Acute exposure of small intestine to ethanol. Effect on morphology and function. Dig Dis Sci 1981; 26: 817–838
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjarnason I, Ward K, Peters T. The lcaky gut of alcoholism: possible route of entry for toxic conipounds. Lancet 1984; 1: 179–182
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Draper L R, Gyure L A, Hall J G, Robertson D. Effect of alcohol on the integrity of the intestinal epithelium. Gut 1983; 24: 399–404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The leaky gut. Nutr Rev 1985; 43: 72–74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bode J C, Bode C, Heidelbach R, Durr H-K, Martini G A. Jejunal microflora in patients with chronic alcohol abuse. Hepatogastroenterol 1984; 31: 30–34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lembcke B, Kraus B, Lankisch P G. Small intestinal function in chronic relapsing panereatitis. Hepatogastroenterol 1985; 32: 149–151
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mezey E. Intestinal function in chronic alcoholism. Ann NY Acad Sci 1975; 252: 215–227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Astaldi G, Strosselli E. Peroral biopsy of the intcstinal mucosa in hepatic cirrhosis. Am J Dig Dis New Series 1960; 5: 603–609
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Friedman A I, McEwan G. Small bowel absorption in portal cirrhosis with ascites. Am J Gastroenter 1 1963; 39: 114
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sun D C H, Albacete R A, Chen J K. Malabsorption studies in cirrhosis of the liver. Arch Intern Med 1967; 119: 567–571
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pirola R C, Davis A E. Effects of ethyl alcohol on sphincteric resistance at the choledocho-duodenal junction in man. Gut 1968; 9: 557–560
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marin G A, Clark L C, Senior J R. Studies of malabsorption occurring in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1969; 56: 727–736
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mezey E, Jow E, Slavin R E, Tobon F. Pancreatic function and intestinal absorption in chronic alcoholism. Gastroenterology 1970; 59: 657–664
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bianchi A, Chipman D W, Dreskin A, Rosensweig N S. Nutritional folic acid deficiency with mega-loblastic changes in the small-bowel epithelium. Med Intell 1970; 282: 859–861
   Google Scholar
• Rubin E, Rybak B J, Lindenbaum J, Gerson C D, Walker G, Lieber C S. Ultrastructural changes in the small intestine induced by ethanol. Gastroenterology 1972; 63: 801–814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermos J A, Adams W A, Liu Y K, Sullivan L W, Trier J S. Mucosa of the small intestine in folate-deficient alcoholics. Ann Intern Med 1972; 76: 957–965
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cornet A, Hartmann L, Courtois J-E, et al. Cirrhose due foie et intestin greiile. Confrontations clinique, biologiques, histologiques, immunolo-giques et bacttriologiques. Sem Hop Paris 1973; 49: 1639
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krasner N, Cochran K M, Russell R I, Carmichael H A, Thompson G G. Alcohol and absorption from the small intestine. I. Impairment of absorption from the small intestine in alcoholics. Gut 1976; 17: 245–248
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perlow W, Baraona E, Lieber C S. Symptomatic intestinal disaccharidase deficiency in alcoholics. Gastroenterology 1977; 72: 680–684
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lev R, Thomas E, Parl F F, Pitchumoni C S. Pathological and histomorphometric study of the effects of alcohol on the human duodenum. Digestion 1980; 20: 207–213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bode J C, Knuppel H, Schwerk W, Lorenz-Meyer H, Durr H K. Quantitative histomorphometric study of the jejunal mucosa in chronic alcoholics. Digestion 1982; 23: 265–270
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seitz H K, Velasquez D, Waldherr R, Veith S, Czygan P, Weber E. Duodenal gamma-glutamyl-transferase activity in human biopses: effect of chronic ethanol consumption and duodenal morphology. Eur J Clin Invest 1985; 15: 192–196
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjolund K, Persson J, Bergman L. Can villous atrophy be induced by chronic alcohol consumption? A case report. J Int Med 1989; 226: 133–135
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation Report. WHO, Geneva 1985, (Energy and Protein requirements Technical Report Series 724)
   Google Scholar
• Standard Technicon SMAC 11 procedures. Clinical Chemical Laboratory of the Central Hospital in Karlstad, Sweden
   Google Scholar
• Technicon H-6000. Clinical Chemical Laboratory of the Central Hospital in Karlstad, Sweden
   Google Scholar
• Hallmans G. Absorption of topically applied zinc and changes in zinc metabolism during wound healing. An experimental and clinical investigation. Acta Derm Venereol 1978; 58(suppl 80)
   Google Scholar
• Stibler H, Borg S, Joustra M. Micro anion exchange chromatography of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum in relation to alcohol consumption. Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 1986; 10: 535–544, (Swedish Patent 8400587–5)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berg N O, Dahlqvist A, Lindberg T, Nordtn A. Correlation between morphological alterations and enzyme activities in the mucosa of the small intestine. Scand J Gastroenterol 1973; 8: 703–712
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenling R, Fredrikson B, Nyhlin H, Iklander H F, Falkmer S. Surface ultrastructure of the small intestine mucosa in healthy children and adults. Ultra-struct Pathol 1984; 6: 131–140
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Dorisio T, Cataland S, Stevenson M, Mazzaferri E L. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP); intestinal distribution and stimulation by amino acids and medium chain triglyceride. Am J Dis 1975; 21: 761
   Google Scholar
• Yanaihara N, Sato H, Yanaihara C, et al. Characterization of various antisera against synthetic porcine motilin. Scand J Gastroenterol 1978; 13(suppl 49)195
   Google Scholar
• Brodin E, Alumets J, Håkansson R, Leander S, Sundler F. Immmoreactive substance P in chicken gut: distribution, development, and possible functional significance. Cell Tiss Res 1981; 216: 455–469
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alm P, Alumets J, Hikansson R. Origin and distribution of VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) nerves in the genitourinary tract. Cell Tiss Res 1980; 205: 337–347
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grunditz T, Håkanson R, Rerup C, Sundler F, Uddman R. Neuropeptide Y in the thyroid gland neuronal localization and enhancement of stimulated thyroid hormone secretion. Endocrinology 1984; 115: 1537–1542
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ekblad E, Håkanson R, Sundler F. VIP and PHI coexist with an NPY-like peptide in intramural neurones of the small intestine. Reg Peptides 1984; 10: 47–55
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winawer S J, Sullivan L W, Herbert V, Zamcheck N. The jejunal mucosa in patients with nutritional folate deficiency and megaloblastic anemia. N Engl J Med 1965; 272: 892–895
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zucoloto S, Rossi M A. Effect of chronic ethanol consumption on mucosal morphology and mitotic index in the rat small intestine. Digestion 1979; 19: 277–283
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zucoloto S, Muccilo G, Wright N A. Chronic effects of alcohol on the epithelium of the small intestine using two experimental models. Virchows Arch 1985; 49: 365–373
   Google Scholar
• Mazzanti R, Jenkins W J. Effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on enterocyte turnover in rat small intestine. Gut 1987; 28: 52–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landsdown A B G, Dayan A D. Alterations in crypt cell populations in the small intestine as an early toxic response to sub-acute ethanol administration. Arch Toxicol 1987; 59: 448–452
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roggin G M, Iber F L, Kater R M H, Tabon F. Malabsorption in the chronic alcoholic. Hopkins Med J 1969; 125: 321–330
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roggin G M, Iber F L, Linscheer W G. Intraluminal fat digestion in the chronic alcoholic. Gut 1972; 13: 107–111
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lindeman R D, Baxter D J, Yunice A A, Krai-Kitpanitch S. Serum concentrations and urinary excretions of zinc in cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency. Am J Med Sci 1978; 275: 17–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walkcr B E, Dawson J B, Kelleher J, Losowsky M S. Plasma and urinary zinc in patients with malab-sorption syndromes or hepatic cirrhosis. Gut 1973; 14: 943–948
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dashti H. Liver injury and liver cirrhosis. Thesis, Bulletin 64 from the Department of Surgery, Lund's University. 1986
   Google Scholar
• McClain C J, Antonow D R, Cohen D A, Shedlofsky S I. Zinc metabolism in alcoholic liver disease. Alc Clin Exp R 1986; 10: 582–589
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McClain C J, Su L-C. Zinc deficiency in the alcoholic. Alcohol J Exp Res 1983; 7: 5–10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hartoma T R, Sotanienii E A, Pelkonen O, Ahlqvist J. Serum zinc and serum copper and indices of drug metabolism. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1977; 12: 147–151
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Antonsson D L, Barak A J, Vanderhood J A. Effect of acute and chronic ethanol ingestion on zinc absorption. Clin Res 1978; 26: 660A
   Google Scholar
• Stibler H, Hultcrantz R. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum in patients with liver diseases. Alcoholism Clin Exp Res 1987; 11: 468–473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stibler H, Borg S, Joustra M, Hultcrantz R. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum as a marker of high alcohol consumption. Adv Biosci 1988; 71: 353–357
   Google Scholar
• Gjerde H, Johnsen J, Björneboe A, Björneboe G E, Mörland J. A comparison of serum carbohydrate-deficient transferrin with other biological markers of excessive drinking. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1988; 48: 1–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behrens U J, Worner T M, Braly L F, Schaffner F, Lieber C S. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, a marker for chronic alcohol consumption in different ethnic populations. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1988; 12: 427–432
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar