Adaptation in the Pharmaceutical Industry, with Particular Reference to Gastrointestinal Drugs and Diseases

References

• DiMasi J A, Gradbowski H G, Lasagna L. Cost of innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. J Health Econ 1991; 10: 107–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner A. Future opportunities for drug therapy in peptic ulcer disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1986; 21: 203–9, Suppl 125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvey-Jones J. Making it happen. Collins, LondonUK 1988
   Google Scholar
• The Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry. Pharma facts and figures. ABPI, LondonUK 1990
   Google Scholar
• Beta-blockers in clinical practice, J M Cruickshank, B NC Prichard. Churchill Livingstone, London 1987
   Google Scholar
• Antacids in the eighties, F Halter. Urban Schwartzenberg, Munich 1982
   Google Scholar
• Black J W, Duncan W AM, Durant G J, Gancllin C R, Parsons M E. Definition and antagonism of histamine Hi receptors. Nature 1972; 236: 385–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The billion dollar battle: Merck v. Glaxo, M Lynn. Heinemann, London 1991
   Google Scholar
• Garner A. Gastric tumours induced by anti-secretory agents: hypergastrinaemia, structure-activity and other considerations. Res Clin Forums 1990; 12: 47–57
   Google Scholar
• Larsson H, Carlsson E, Hakanson R, et al. Time-course of development and reversal of gastric endocrine cell hyperplasia after inhibition of acid secretion: studies with omeprazole and ranitidine in intact and antrecomised rats. Gastroenterology 1988; 95: 1477–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senn-Bilfinger J. New anti-secretory compounds for ulcer treatment. Digestion 1991; 49: 10–1, Suppl 1
   Google Scholar
• Schmassmann A, Varga L, Florgerzi B, Sanner M, Garner A, Halter F. The gastrin receptor antagonist CAM-1189 is a partial secretory agonist in the stomach and pancreas of the rat. Gastroenterology 1992; 102(part 2)A160
   Google Scholar
• Tytgat G NJ. Helicobacter pylori and duodenal ulcer disease. Mechanisms of peptic ulcer healing, F Halter, A Garner, G NJ Tytgat. Kluwer, Dordrecht 1991; 283–94
   Google Scholar
• Rauws E AJ, Tytgat G NJ. Cure of duodenal ulcer associated with eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Lancet 1990; 335: 1233–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell G D, Powell K, Burridge S M, et al. Experience with ‘triple’ anti-Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy: side effects and the importance of testing the pretreatment bacterial isolate for metronidazole resistance. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1992; 6: 427–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tytgat G NJ, Axon A TR, Dixon M F, Graham D Y, Lee A, Marshall B J (1990) Helicobacter pylori: causal agent in peptic ulcer disease?. World Congress of Gastroenterology. 1990. Blackwell, Oxford, 36–45, Working Party Report
   Google Scholar
• Konturek S J, Dembinski A, Warzecha Z, Brzozowski T, Gregory H. Role of epidermal growth factor in healing of chronic gastroduodenal ulcers in rats. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: 1300–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright N A, Pike C, Elia G. Induction of epidermal growth factor-secreting lineage by mucosal ulceration in human gastrointestinal stem cells. Nature 1990; 343: 82–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory H, Thomas C E, Young J A, Willshire I R, Garner A. The contribution of the C-terminal undecapeptide sequence of urogastrone-epidermal growth factor to its biological action. Regul Peptides 1988; 22: 217–26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orlando R C, Turjman N A, Tobey N A, Schreiner V J, Powell D W. Mucosal protection by sucralfate and its components in acid-exposed esophagus. Gastroenterology 1987; 93: 352–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halter F, Lam S K. Action of antacids: more than bulk neutralisation?. Advances in drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulceration, A Garner, B JR Whittle. Wiley, Chichester UK 1989; 109–19
   Google Scholar
• Peskar B M. Pharmacological intervention in intestinal ulcerative disease. Advances in drug therapy of gastrointestinal ulceration, A Garner, B JR Whittel. Wiley, Chichester UK 1989; 189–204
   Google Scholar
• Dinarello C A. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonism. Blood 1991; 77: 1627–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The cancer industry: unraveling the politics, R W Moss. Paragon, New York 1989
   Google Scholar
• Scrip. Cancer chemotherapy report. Scrip Reports, RichmondUK 1992
   Google Scholar
• Ingber D, Fujita T, Kiskimoto S, et al. Synthetic analogues of fumagillin that inhibit angiogenesis and supress tumour growth. Nature 1990; 348: 555–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tritton T R, Hickman J A. How to kill cancer cells: membranes and cell signalling as targets in cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Cells 1990; 2: 95–105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juranka P F, Zastawny R L, Ling V. P-glycoprotein: multidrug-resistance and a superfamily of membrane associated transport proteins. FASEB J 1989; 3: 2583–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood A C, Waters C M, Garner A, Hickman J A. Development of ‘memory’ of exposure to dexamethasone in the commitment of CCRF C7A cells to an apoptotic cell death. Br J Cancer 1992; 65: F10, suppl XVI
   Google Scholar
• Causation and prevention of colorectal cancer, J Faivre, M J Hill. Excerpta Media, Amsterdam 1987
   Google Scholar
• Weil J, Langman M JS. Screening for gastrointestinal cancer: an epidemiological review. Gut 1991; 32: 220–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kinzler K W, Nilbert M C, Vogelstein B, et al. Identification of a gene located at chromosome 5q21 that is mutated in colorectal cancers. Science 1991; 251: 1366–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labayle D, Fischer D, Vielh P, et al. Sulindac causes regression of rectal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis. Gastroenterology 1991; 101: 635–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garner A. Mechanisms of action of aspirin on the gastric mucosa of the guinea pig. Acta Physiol Scand 1978; 102: 10, Suppl: 101
   Google Scholar
• Shorrock C J, Rees W DW. Mucosal adaptation to indomethacin-induced gastric damage in man: studies on morphology, blood flow and prostaglandin E2 metabolism. Gut 1992; 33: 164–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacNaughton W K, Morris G P, Wallace J L. Inhibition of leu-cotriene synthesis markedly enhances healing in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 1988; 94(part 2)A618
   Google Scholar
• Garner A. Peptic ulcer therapy in the twenty-first century. Mechanisms of peptic ulcer healing, F Halter, A Garner, G NJ Tytgat. Kluwer, DordrechtGermany 1991; 295–302
   Google Scholar
• Parsonnet J, Friedman G D, Vandersteen D P, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of gastric carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 1127–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar