References
- Parkin D M, Stjernswärd J, Muir C S. Estimates of the worldwide frequency of twelve major cancers. Bull WHO 1984; 62: 163–82
- Coursaget P, Chiron J P, Barres J L. Hepatitis B virus serological markers in Africans with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Virus-associated cancers in Africa, AO Williams, GT O'Connor, GB De-The, CA Johnson. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon 1984; 181–98
- Kew M C, Macerollo P. Effect of age on the etiologic role of the hepatitis B virus in hepatocellular carcinoma in blacks. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: 439–42
- Coursaget P, Bourdil C, Kastally R. Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Africa: anti-HCV antibodies in the general population and in patients suffering from cirrhosis or primary liver cancer. Res Virol 1990; 141: 449–54
- Kew M C, Houghton M, Choo Q L, Kuo G. Hepatitis C virus antibodies in southern African blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 1990; 335: 873–4
- Bruix J, Barrera J M, Calvet X. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Spanish patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic cirrhosis. Lancet 1989; 2: 1004–6
- Colombo M, Kuo G, Choo Q L. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Italian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 1989; 2: 1006–8
- Chan S-W, Simmonds P, McOmish F. Serological responses to infection with three different types of hepatitis C virus. Lancet 1991; 338: 1391
- Watson H G, Ludlam C A, Qi Zhang L, Rebus S, Peutherer J F, Simmonds P. Use of several second generation serologic assays to determine the true prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in haemophiliacs treated with non-virus inactivated factor VIII and IX concentrates. Br J Haematol 1992; 80: 514–8
- Kudesia G, Chapman S, Makris M, Preston F E. Need for second-generation anti-HCV testing in haemophilia. Lancet 1992; 339: 501–2
- Claeys H, Volckaerts A, De Beenhouwer H, Vermylen C. Association of hepatitis C virus carrier state with the occurrence of hepatitis C virus core antibodies. J Med Virol 1992; 36: 259–64
- Mets T, Sabbe L, Bigilimana I, Kagenza S. L'hépatite B au Rwanda: étude des marqueurs dans une population normale. Rev Med Rwand 1987; 19: 3–5
- Perrin J, Kocheleff P, Kabondo P. Etude sero-épi-démiologique de l'hépatite virale B au Burundi. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop 1985; 65: 69–75
- Ellis L A, Brown D, Conradie J D. Prevalence of hepatitis C in South Africa: detection of anti-HCV in recent stored serum. J Med Virol 1990; 32: 249–51
- Aceti A, Taliani G, Bruni R, Du Mauro G, Celestino D. Hepatitis C virus antibody in Swaziland. Acta Trop 1992; 51: 159–61
- Chiaramonte M, Farinati F, Fagiuoli S. Antibodies to hepatitis C virus in hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet 1990; 335: 301–2
- Saito I, Miyamura T, Ohbayashi A. Hepatitis C virus infection is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 6547–9
- Nishioka K, Watanabe J, Furuta S. A high prevalence of antibody to the hepatitis C virus in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan. Cancer 1991; 67: 429–33
- Alward W LM, McMahon B J, Hall D B, Heyward W L, Francis D P, Bender T R. The long-term serological course of asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carriers and the development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. J Infect Dis 1985; 151: 604–9