Changing Patterns in the Treatment of Carcinoma of the Esophagus

References

• Bown S G. Palliation of malignant dysphagia: surgery, radiotherapy, laser, intubation alone or in combination. Gut 1991; 32: 841–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muller J M, Erasmi H, Stelzner M, Zieren U, Pichlmaier. Surgical therapy of oesophageal carcinoma. Br J Surg 1990; 77: 845–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng K K, Day N E, Davies T W. Oesophageal cancer mortality in Europe. Paradoxical time trend in relation to smoking and drinking. Br J Cancer 1992; 65: 613–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Attwood S EA, Ball C S, Barlow A P, Jenkinson L, Norris T L, Watson A. Role of intragastric and intraoesophageal alkalinization in the genesis of complications in Barrett's columnar lined lower oesophagus. Gut 1993; 34: 11–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gotley D C, Appleton G VN, Cooper M J. Bile acids and trypsin are unimportant in alkaline esophageal reflux Clin Gastroenterol 1992; 14: 2–7
   Google Scholar
• Collen M J, Johnson D A. Correlation between basal acid output and daily ranitidine dose required for therapy in Barrett's esophagus. Dig Dis Sci 1992; 37: 570–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cameron A J, Lomboy C T. Barrett's esophagus: age, prevalence and extent of columnar epithelium. Gastroenterology 1992; 103: 1241–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haggit R C. Adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus: a new epidemic. Hum Pathol 1992; 23: 475–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Menke-Pluymers M BE, Hop W CJ, Dees J, van Blankenstein M, Tilanus H W. Risk factors for the development of an adenocarcinoma in columnar lined (Barrett) esophagus. Cancer 1993; 15: 1155–8
   Google Scholar
• Gray J R, Coldman A J, MacDonald W C. Cigarette and alcohol use in patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia or lower esophagus. Cancer 1992; 69: 2227–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iftikhar S Y, James P D, Steele R J, Hardcastle J D, Atkinson M. Length of Barrett's oesophagus: an important factor in the development of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Gut 1992; 33: 1155–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menke-Pluymers M BE, Schoute N W, Mulder A H, Hop W CJ, van Blankenstein M, Tilanus H W. Outcome of surgical treatment of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus. Gut 1992; 33: 1454–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McArdle J E, Lewin K J, Randall G, Weinstein W. Distribution of dysplasia and early invasive carcinoma in Barrett's esophagus. Hum Pathol 1992; 23: 479–82
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pera M, Trastek V F, Allen M S, Deschamps C, Pairolero. Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia; an indication for esophagectomy. Ann Thorax Surg 1992; 54: 199–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jankowski J, Coghill G, Hopwood D, Wormsley K G. Oncogenes and onco suppressor gene in adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Gut 1992; 33: 1033–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid B J, Blount P L, Rubin C E, Levine D S, Haggit R C, Rabinovitch P S. Flow-cytometric and histological progression to malignancy in Barrett's esophagus; prospective endoscopic surveillance of a cohort. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 1421–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cameron A J. Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma; from the family to the gene. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 1421–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krishnadath K K, Tilanus H W, Alers J C, Mulder A H, van Dekken H. Detection of genetic changes in Barrett's adenocarcinoma and Barrett's esophagus by DNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Cytometry 1994; 15: 176–84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Husemann B. Cardia carcinoma considered as a distinct clinical entity. Br J Surg 1989; 76: 136–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hansson L E, Sparen P, Nyren O. Increasing incidence of carcinoma of the gastric cardia in Sweden from 1970 to 1985. Br J Surg 1993; 80: 374–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson C. Carcinoma and sarcoma of the esophagus; a plea for early diagnosis. Am J Med 1925; 169: 625–48
   Google Scholar
• Tio T L, Wijers O B, Sars P RA, Tytgat G NJ. Endosonography in gastroenterology: diagnostic possibilities and future prospects. Current topics in gastroenterology and hepatology, G NJ Tytgat, M van Blankenstein. Thieme, New York 1990
   Google Scholar
• Hordijk M L, Zander H, van Blankenstein M, Tilanus H W. Influence of tumor stenosis on the accuracy of endosonography in preoperative T staging of esophageal cancer. Endoscopy 1993; 25: 171–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Overhagen H, Lameris J S, Berger M Y, van der Voorde F, Tilanus H W, Klooswijk All, et al. Supraclavicular lymph-node metastases in carcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction; assessment with CT, US and US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Radiology 1991; 179: 155–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Overhagen H, Lameris J S, Zonderland H M, Tilanus H W, van Pel R, Schutte H E. Ultrasound and ultrasound guided line needle aspiration biopsy of supraclavicular lymph nodes in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Cancer 1991; 67: 585–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Digestive system tumors. stomach. International Union Against Cancer. TNM classification of malignant tumors4th ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1987; 43–6
   Google Scholar
• Watt I, Stewart I, Anderson D, Bell G, Anderson J R. Laparoscopy, ultrasound and computed tomography in cancer of the esophagus and gastric cardia: a prospective comparison for detecting intra abdominal metastases. Br J Surg 1989; 76: 1036–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• John T G, Garden O J. Laparoscopic ultrasonography: extending the scope of diagnostic laparoscopy. Br J Surg 1994; 81: 5–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cuesta M A, Meijer S, Borgstein P J. Laparoscopy and assessment of digestive tract cancer. Br J Surg 1992; 79: 486–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill P G. Chemotherapy in the management of oesophageal cancer—an overview. Surgery of the oesophagus, G G Jamieson. Churchill Livingstone, London, New York 1988; C571–8
   Google Scholar
• Kok T C, Tilanus H W, Obertop H, van Lanschot J JB, van Blankenstein M, Dees J, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in operable esophageal squamous cell cancer; an interim report of a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Cancer 1993; 29A: S104
   Google Scholar
• Pearson J G. The radiotherapy of carcinoma of the esophagus and post cricoid region in south east Scotland. Clin Radiol 1966; 17: 242–57
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Earlam R. Radiotherapy in the management of oesophageal cancer—an overview. Surgery of the oesophagus, G G Jamieson. Churchill Livingstone, London, New York 1988; 579–83
   Google Scholar
• Gignoux M, Roussel A, Pailot B, et al. The value of preoperative radiotherapy in esophageal cancer: results of a study of the EORTC. World J Surg 1987; 11: 426–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Launois B, Delarue D, Campion J P, Kerbaol M. Preoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the esophagus. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1981; 153: 690–2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rowland C G, Pagliero K M. Intracavitary irradiation in palliation of carcinoma of oesophagus and cardia. Lancet 1985; 80: 981–3
   Google Scholar
• Krasner N, Barr H, Skidmore C, Morris A L. Palliative lasertherapy for malignant dysphagia. Gut 1987; 28: 792–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ell C, Riemann J F, Lux G, Demling L. Palliative laser treatment of malignant stenoses in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy 1986; 18: 21–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston J H, Fleischer D, Petrini J, Nord H J. Palliative bipolar electrocoagulation therapy of obstructing esophageal cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 1987; 33: 349–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alderson D, Wright P D. Laser recanalization versus endoscopic intubation in the palliation of malignant dysphagia. Br J Surg 1990; 77: 1151–3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barr H, Krasner N, Raouf A, Walker R J. Prospective randomized trial of laser therapy only and laser therapy followed by endoscopic intubation for the palliation of malignant dysphagia. Gut 1990; 31: 252–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed C E, Marsh W H, Carlson L S, Seymore C H, Kratz J M. Prospective, randomized trial of palliative treatment for unresectable cancer of the esophagus. Ann Thorac Surg 1991; 51: 552–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Loizou L A, Grigg D, Atkinson M, Robertson C, Bown S G. A prospective comparison of laser therapy and intubation in endoscopic palliation for malignant dysphagia. Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 1303–10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Turner G G. Excision of the thoracic oesophagus for carcinoma with construction of an extrathoracic gullet. Lancet 1933; 2: 1315
   Google Scholar
• Turner G G. Carcinoma of the oesophagus: its treatment by surgery. Lancet 1936; 1: 67, 130
   Google Scholar
• Kirk R M. Palliative resection of oesophageal carcinoma without formal thoracotomy. Br J Surg 1974; 61: 689
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orringer M B, Sloan H. Esophagectomy without thoracotomy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1978; 76: 633
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tilanus H W, Hop W O, Langenhorst B LAM, van Lanschot J JB. Esophagectomy with or without thoracotomy; is there any difference?. J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg 1993; 105: 898–903
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patti M G, Weiner-Kronish J P, Way L W, Pellegrini C A. Impact of transhiatal esophagectomy on cardiac and respiratory function. Am J Surg 1991; 162: 563–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goldminc M, Maddern G, Le Prise E, Meunier B, Campion J P, Launois B. Oesophagectomy by a transhiatal approach or thoracotomy: a prospective randomized trial. Br J Surg 1993; 80: 367–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeMeester T R, Zaninotto G, Johansson K-E. Selective therapeutic approach to cancer of the lower esophagus and cardia. J Thoracic Cardiovasc Surg 1988; 95: 42–54
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Skinner D B, Ferguson M K, Soriano A, Little A G, Staszak V M. Selection of operation for esophageal cancer based on staging. Ann Surg 1986; 204: 391–400
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Akiyama H, Tsurumaru M, Kawanura T, Ono Y. Principles of surgical treatment for carcinoma of the esophagus. Analysis of lymph node involvement. Ann Surg 1981; 194: 435–46
   Google Scholar
• Lerut T, Deleyn P, Coosemans W, Van Raemdonck D, Scheys I, Lesaffre E. Surgical strategies in esophageal carcinoma with emphasis on radical lymphadenectomy. Ann Surg 1992; 216: 583–590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zieren H U, Muller J M, Pichlmaier H. Prospective randomized study of one- or two-layer anastomosis following oesophageal resection and cervical oesophagogastrostomy. Br J Surg 1993; 80: 608–611
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O'Riordain D S, Buckley D J, Waldron D J, Kirwan W O. Purse-string suture for stapled oesophagogastric anastomosis: hand-sewn versus automatic. Br J Surg 1993; 80: 734–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chasseray V M, Kiroff G K, Buard J L, Launois B. Cervical or thoracic anastomosis for esophagectomy for carcinoma. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1989; 169: 55–62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tilanus H W, Langenhorst B LAM. Morbidity and mortality after oesophageal resection without thoracotomy. Gullet 1991; 1: 122–5
   Google Scholar
• Pierie J PEN, de Graaf P W, Poen H, van der Tweel I, Obertop H. Incidence and management of benign anastomotic stricture after cervical oesophagogastrostomy. Br J Surg 1993; 80: 471–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Battels H, Thorban S, Siewert J R. Anterior versus posterior reconstruction after transhiatal oesophagectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Surg 1993; 80: 1141–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sagar P M, Johnston D, McMahon M J, Dixon M F, Quirke P. Significance of circumferential resection margin involvement after oesophagectomy for cancer. Br J Surg 1993; 80: 1386–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheung H C, Siu K F, Wong J. Is pyloroplasty necessary in esophageal replacement bu stomach? A prospective randomized controlled trial. Surgery 1987; 102: 19–24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fok M, Cheng S WK, Wong J. Pyloroplasty versus no drainage in gastric replacement of the esophagus. Am J Surg 1991; 162: 447–52
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holscher A H, Voit H, Buttermann G, Siewert J R. Function of the intrathoracic stomach as esophageal replacement. World J Surg 1988; 12: 835–44
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bonavina L, Anselmino M, Ruol A, Bardini R, Borsato N, Peracchia A. Functional evaluation of the intrathoracic stomach as an oesophageal substitute. Br J Surg 1992; 79: 529–32
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schattenkerk Eeftinck M, Obertop H, Mud H J, Eijkenboom W MH, van Andel J G, van Houten H. Survival after resection for carcinoma of the oesophagus. Br J Surg 1987; 74: 165–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blomjous J GAM, Hop W CJ, Langenhorst B LAM, Kate ten F JW, Eijkenboom W MH, Tilanus H W. Adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia. Cancer 1992; 70: 569–74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar