References
- Guidelines for good practice in and audit of the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Report of a joint working group of the British Society of Gastroenterology, the Research Unit of the Royal College of Physicians of London and the Audit Unit of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1992; 26: 281–9
- Clements D, Aslan S, Foster D, Stamatakis J, Wilkins W E, Morris J S. Acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in a district general hospital: audit of an agreed management policy. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1991; 25: 27–30
- Holman R A, Davis M, Gough K R, Gartell P, Britton D C, Smith R B. Value of a centralised approach in the management of haematemesis and melaena: experience in a district general hospital. Gut 1990; 31: 504–8
- Miller L S, Barbarevech C, Friedman L S. Less frequent causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding [review]. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1994; 23: 21–52
- Boley S J, Brandt L J, Frank M S. Severe lower intestinal bleeding: diagnosis and treatment. Clin Gastroenterol 1981; 10: 65–91
- Berry A R, Campbell W B, Kettlewell M G. Management of major colonic haemorrhage. Br J Surg 1988; 75: 637–40
- Bar A H, DeLaurentis D A, Parry C E, Keohane R B. Angiography in the management of massive lower gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1980; 150: 226–8
- Grace D M, Gold R E. Angiography in determining the cause and treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding. Can J Surg 1978; 21: 171–4
- Matolo N M, Link D P. Selective embolization for control of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Am J Surg 1979; 138: 840–4
- Browder W, Cerise E J, Litwin M S. Impact of emergency angiography in massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Ann Surg 1986; 204: 530–6
- Baum S. Angiography and the gastrointestinal bleeder. Radiology 1982; 143: 569–72
- Salem R R, Wood C B, Rees H C, Kheshavarzian A, Hemingway A P, Allison D J. A comparison of colonoscopy and selective visceral angiography in the diagnosis of colonic angiodysplasia. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1985; 67: 225–6
- Friedman H I, Hilts S V, Whitney P J. Use of technetium‐labeled autologous red blood cells in detection of gastrointestinal bleeding. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1983; 156: 449–52
- Batch A J, Pickard R G, De Lacey G. Peroperative colonoscopy in massive rectal bleeding. Br J Surg 1981; 68: 64
- Cussons P D, Berry A R. Comparison of the value of emergency mesenteric angiography and intraoperative colonoscopy with antegrade colonic irrigation in massive rectal haemorrhage. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1989; 34: 91–3
- Kouris K, Abdel‐Dayem H M, Awdeh M. Image subtraction in acute gastrointestinal bleeding studies using 99Tcm‐DTPA. Nucl Med Commun 1985; 6: 717–22
- Nicholson M L, Neoptolemos J P, Sharp J F, Watkin E M, Fossard D P. Localization of lower gastrointestinal bleeding using in vivo technetium‐99m‐labelled red blood cell scintigraphy. Br J Surg 1989; 76: 358–61
- Boley S J, DiBiase A, Brandt L J, Sammartano R J. Lower intestinal bleeding in the elderly. Am J Surg 1979; 137: 57–64
- Makela J, Kiviniemi H, Laitinen S, Kairaluoma M I. Diagnosis and treatment of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Scand J Gastroenterol 1993; 28: 1062–6
- Hunt P S, Korman M G, Hansky J, Marshall R D, Peck G S, McCann W J. Bleeding duodenal ulcer: reduction in mortality with a planned approach. Br J Surg 1979; 66: 633–5
- Masson J, Bramley P N, McKnight G, Herd K, Mowat N AG. Specialised bleeding units are the logical way forward in the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: a two year prospective study [abstract]. Gut 1995; 36: A34
- Campbell K, Steele R J. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and complicated diverticular disease: a case‐control study. Br J Surg 1991; 78: 190–1
- Wilson R G, Smith A N, Macintyre I M. Complications of diverticular disease and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs: a prospective study. Br J Surg 1990; 77: 1103–4
- Baker R, Senagore A. Abdominal colectomy offers safe management for massive lower GI bleed. Am Surg 1994; 60: 578–81