A Review on Treatment of Bleeding Peptic Ulcer: A Collaborative Task of Gastroenterologist and Surgeon

References

• Meuwissen S GM, Pape K SS, Van Tetering J PB, Tytgat G NJ. 'Acute' endoscopie bij bloedingen uit bet bovengedeelte van de tractus digestivus. Ned Tijdschr v Geneesk 1975; 119: 52–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morgan A G, Clamp S E. O.M.G.E. international upper gastrointestinal bleeding survey 1978–1982. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1984; 19: 41–58
   Google Scholar
• Wilcox C M, Shalek K A, Cotsonis G. Striking prevalence of over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154: 42–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom B S, Fendrick A M, Ramsay S D. Changes in peptic ulcer and gastritis/duodenitis in Great Britain 1970–1985. J Clin Gastroenterol 1990; 12: 100–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armstrong C P, Blower A L. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and life threatening complications of peptic ulceration. Gut 1987; 28: 527–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patchett S E, O'Donoghue D P. Pharmacological manipulation of gastric juice: thrombelastographic assessment and implications for treatment of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Gut 1995; 36: 358–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patchett S E, Enright H, Afdhal N, O'Connell W, O'Donoghue D P. Clot lysis by gastric juice: an in vitro study. Gut 1989; 30: 1704–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collen M J, Kalbo A N, Sheridan M J. Bleeding duodenal ulcer. Role of gastric acid hypersecretion. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38: 269–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fullarton G M, Macdonald A M, Mann S G, McColl K. Controlled study of the effects of intravenous famotidine on intragastric pH in bleeding peptic ulcers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1991; 5: 77–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swain C P, Storey D W, Bown S G, et al. Nature of the bleeding vessel in recurrently bleeding gastric ulcers. Gastroenterology 1986; 90: 595–608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swain C P, Lai K C, Kalabakas A, Grandison A, Pollock D. A comparison of size and pathology of vessel and ulcer in patients dying from bleeding gastric and duodenal ulcers. Gastroenterology 1993; 104 Suppl: A202
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston J H, Jensen D M, Auth D. Experimental comparison of endoscopic yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser, electrosurgery, and heater probe for canine gut arterial coagulation. Importance of compression and avoidance of erosion. Gastroenterology 1987; 92: 1101–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan R N, Dykes P W. A study of the factors influencing mortality rates from gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Q J Med 1976; 54: 533–50
   Google Scholar
• Henriksson A E, Svensson J O. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding. With special reference to blood transfusion. Acta Chir 1991; 157: 193–6
   Google Scholar
• Henriksson A E, Nilsson T K, Svensson J O. Hypercoagulability in acute bleeding peptic ulcer disease assessed by thrombin-antithrombin III concentrations. Eur J Surg Acta Chir 1993; 159: 167–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laine L, Peterson W L. Bleeding peptic ulcer. New Eng J Med 1994; 331: 717–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuellar R E, Gavaler J S, Alexander J A, et al. Gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage: the value of a nasogastric aspirate. Arch Intern Med 1990; 150: 1381–84
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waterman N, Walker J. The effect of gastric cooling on hemostasis. Surg Gynaecol Obstet 1973; 137: 80–2
   Google Scholar
• Laine L, Cohen H, Brodhead J, Cantor D, Garcia F, Mosquera M. Prospective evaluation of immediate versus delayed refeeding and prognostic value of endoscopy in patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 314–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hui W M, Lai K C, Chin K, Lam S K. Can ulcer bleeding patients without stigmata of recent haemorrhage be discharged on the same day: a retrospective and prospective study. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: A85
   Google Scholar
• Longstreth G F, Feitelberg S P. Outpatient care of selected patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Lancet 1995; 345: 108–11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Collins R, Langman M. Treatment with histamine H2 antagonists in acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. New Eng J Med 1985; 313: 660–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballesteros M A, Hogan D L, Koss M A, Isenberg J I. Bolus or intravenous infusion of ranitidine: effects on gastric pH and acid secretion: a comparison of relative efficacy and cost. Ann Intern Med 1990; 112: 334–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walt R P, Cottrell J, Freemantle N P, Langman M JS. Continuous intravenous famotidine for haemorrhage from peptic ulcer. Lancet 1992; 340: 1058–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunner G, Chang J. Intravenous therapy with high doses of raniditine and omeprazole in critically ill patients with bleeding peptic ulcerations of the upper intestinal tract: an open randomized controlled trial. Digestion 1990; 45: 217–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daneshmend T K, Hawkey C J, Langman M, Logan R, Long R G, Walt R P. Omeprazole versus placebo for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: randomized double blind controlled trial. Br Med J 1992; 304: 1437
   Google Scholar
• Baak L C. Ambulatory intragastric pH-monitoring in the assessment of acid-reducing agents. Leiden 1991
   Google Scholar
• Merki H S, Wilder-Smith C H. Do continuous infusions of omeprazole and ranitidine retain their effect with prolonged dosing?. Gastroenterology 1994; 106: 60–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu P I, Lin X Z, Chan S H, et al. Bleeding peptic ulcer—risk factors for rebleeding and sequential changes in endoscopic findings. Gut 1994; 35: 746–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman M L, Cass O W, Peine C J, Onstad G R. The non-bleeding visible vessel versus the sentinel clot: natural history and risk of rebleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 1993; 39: 359–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin H W, Perng C L, Lee F Y, Lee C H, Lee S D. Clinical courses and predictors for rebleeding in patients with peptic ulcers and non-bleeding visible vessels: a prospective study. Gut 1994; 35: 1389–93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimpl W, Boeckl O, Heineman M, Dapunt O. Emergency endoscopy: a basis for therapeutic decisions in the treatment of severe gastroduodenal bleeding. World J Surg 1989; 13: 592–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunner G HG, Thiesemann C. The potential clinical role of intravenous omeprazole. Digestion 1992; 51 Suppl 1: 17–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaffalitzky De Muckadell O B, Havelund T, Harling H, et al. Omeprazole improves outcome in peptic ulcer bleeding. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: A212
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lind T, Aadland E, Eriksson S, Fernstrom P, Hasselgren G, Lundell L. Beneficial effects of i.v. omeprazole in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: A150
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry D A, O'Connell D L. Effects of fibrinolytic inhibitors on mortality from upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Br Med J 1989; 298: 1142–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venueulen M, Lindsay K W, Murray G D, et al. Antifibrinolytic treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage. New Eng J Med 1984; 311: 432–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fogel M R, Knauer C, Andres L L, et al. Continuous intravenous vasopressin in active upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Ann Intern Med 1982; 96: 565–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnusson I, Ihre T, Johansson C, et al. Randomized double blind trial of somatostatin in the treatment of massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Gut 1985; 26: 221–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basso N, Bagarani M, Bracci F, et al. Ranitidine and somatostatin. Their effects on bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Arch Surg 1986; 121: 833–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Somerville K W, Davies J G, Henry D A. Somatostatin in treatment of haematemesis and melaena. Lancet 1985; 1: 130–2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christiansen J, Ottenjann R F. VA Placebo-controlled trial with the somatostatin analogue SMS 201–995 peptic ulcer bleeding. Gastroenterology 1989; 97: 568–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenkins S A, Taylor B A, Nott D M, Ellenbogen S, Haggie J, Shields R. Management of massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage from multiple sites of peptic ulceration with somatostatin and octreotide—a report of five cases. Gut 1992; 33: 404–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branicki F J, Coleman S Y, Fok P J, et al. Bleeding peptic ulcer: a prospective evaluation of risk factors for rebleeding and mortality. World J Surg 1990; 14: 262–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt P S. Bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers: election of patients for surgery. World J Surg 1987; 11: 289–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clason A E, MacLeod D AD, Elton R A. Clinical factors in the prediction of further haemorrhage or mortality in acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Br J Surg 1986; 73: 985–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heldwein W, Schreiner J, Pedrazzoli J, Lehnert P. Is the Forrest classification a useful tool for planning endoscopic therapy of bleeding peptic ulcers?. Endoscopy 1989; 21: 258–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laine L, Freeman M L, Cohen H. Lack of uniformity in evaluation of endoscopic prognostic features of bleeding ulcers. Gastrointest Endosc 1994; 40: 411–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutgeerts P, Geboes K, Vantrappen G. Experimental studies of injection therapy for severe nonvariceal bleeding in dogs. Gastroenterology 1989; 97: 610–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randall G M, Jensen D M, Hirabayashi K, Machicado G A. Controlled study of different sclerosing agents for coagulation of canine gut arteries. Gastroenterology 1989; 96: 1274–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin H J, Perng C L, Lee F Y, et al. Endoscopic injection for the arrest of peptic ulcer hemorrhage: final results of a prospective, randomized comparative trial. Gastrointest Endosc 1993; 39: 15–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook D J, Guyatt G H, Salena B J, Laine L A. Endoscopic therapy for acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 139–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin H J, Perng C L, Lee S D. Is sclerosant injection mandatory after an epinephrine injection for arrest of peptic ulcer haemorrhage? A prospective, randomized, comparative study. Gut 1993; 34: 1182–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudari C P, Palmer K R. Endoscopic injection therapy for bleeding peptic ulcer; a comparison of adrenaline alone with adrenaline plus ethanolamine oleate. Gut 1994; 35: 608–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choudari C P, Palmer K R. Outcome of endoscopic injection therapy for bleeding peptic ulcer in relation to the timing of the procedure. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1993; 5: 951–3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung S C, Leung J W, Leong H T, Lo K K, Li A RC. Adding a sclerosant to endoscopic epinephrine injection in actively bleeding ulcers: a randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc 1993; 39: 611–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutgeerts P, Gevers A M, Hiele M, Broeckaert L, Vantrappen G. Endoscopic injection therapy to prevent rebleeding from peptic ulcers with a protruding vessel: controlled comparative trial. Gut 1993; 34: 348–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang S K, Kim H R, Min Y I. Laser photocoagulation versus ethanol injection therapy after preinjection with epinephrine in the treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers. Dig Endosc 1993; 5: 213–7
   Google Scholar
• Balanzo J, Villanueva C, Espinos J C, et al. Endoscopic injection therapy in bleeding peptic ulcers: low mortality in a high risk population. Can J Gastroenterol 1992; 6: 265–8
   Google Scholar
• Lazo M D, Andrade R, Medina M C, Garcia F G, Sanchez C A, Franquelo E. Effect of injection sclerosis with alcohol on the rebleeding rate of gastroduodenal peptic ulcers with nonbleeding visible vessels: a prospective, controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 1992; 87: 843–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oxner R, Simmonds N J, Gertner D J, Nightingale J, Bumbam W R. Controlled trial of endoscopic injection treatment for bleeding from peptic ulcers with visible vessels. Lancet 1992; 339: 966–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugawa C, Joseph A L. Endoscopic interventional management of bleeding duodenal and gastric ulcers. Surg Clin North Am 1992; 72: 317–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutgeerts P, Vantrappen G, Broeckaert L, Coremans G, Janssens J, Hiele M. Comparison of endoscopic polidocanol injection and yag laser therapy for bleeding peptic ulcers. Lancet 1989; 1: 1164–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villanueva C, Balanzo I, Espinos J C, et al. Prediction of therapeutic failure in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer treated with endoscopic injection. Dig Dis Sci 1993; 38: 2062–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brullet E, Campo R, Bedos G, Barcons S, Gubern J M, Bordas J M. Site and size of bleeding peptic ulcer. Is there any relation to the efficacy of hemostatic sclerotherapy?. Endoscopy 1991; 23: 73–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swain C P, Salmon P R, Northfield T C. Does ulcer position influence presentation or prognosis of acute gastrointestinal bleeding?. Gut 1986; 27: A632
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg P A, Krige J EJ. Fatal gastroduodenal necrosis after injection sclerotherapy for bleeding duodenal ulcer. I Clin Gastroenterol 1993; 16: 136–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loperfido S, Patelli G, La T L. Extensive necrosis of gastric mucosa following injection therapy of bleeding peptic ulcer. Endoscopy 1990; 22: 285–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chester J F, Hurley P R. Gastric necrosis: a complication of endoscopic sclerosis for bleeding peptic ulcer. Endoscopy 1990; 22: 287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi T, Yonezawa M, Kuwabara T, Kudoh I. The study on staunch clip for the treatment by endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 1975; 17: 92–101
   Google Scholar
• Binmoeller K F, Thonke F, Soehendra N. Endoscopic hemoclip treatment for gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy 1993; 25: 167–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balanzo J, Villanueva C, Sainz S, et al. Injection therapy of bleeding peptic ulcer. A prospective, randomized trial using epinephrine and thrombin. Endoscopy 1990; 22: 157–9
   Google Scholar
• Saeed Z A, Winchester C B, Michaletz P A, Woods K L, Graham D Y. A scoring system to predict rebleeding after endoscopic therapy of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, with a comparison of heat probe and ethanol injection. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88: 1842–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qvist P, Arnesen K E, Jacobsen C D, Rosseland A R. Endoscopic treatment and restrictive surgical policy in the management of peptic ulcer bleeding. Five years' experience in a central hospital. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994; 29: 569–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devill J E, Brown F N, Beanie W G. Fatal bleeding ulcer. Ann Surg 1966; 164: 840–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madden M V, Griffith G H. Management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in a district general hospital. J R Coll Phys 1986; 20: 213–5
   Google Scholar
• Wheatley K E, Dykes P W. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: when to operate. Postgrad Med J 1990; 66: 926–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himal H S, Perrault C, Mzabi R. Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: aggressive management decreases mortality. Surgery 1978; 84: 448–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt P S, Hansky J, Korman M G. Mortality in patients with haematemesis and melaena: a prospective study. Br Med J 1979; i: 1238–40
   Google Scholar
• Wheatley K E, Snyman J H, Brearley S, Keighley M RB, Dykes P W. Post trial surveillance of mortality from bleeding peptic ulcer disease. Br Med J 1990; 301: 272
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holman R AE, Davis M, Gough K R, Gartell P, Britton D C, Smith R B. Value of a centralized approach in the management of haematemesis and melaena: experience in a district general hospital. Gut 1990; 31: 504–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welch C E, Rodkey G V, Von Ryll Gryska P. A thousand operations for ulcer disease. Ann Surg 1986; 204: 454–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann J, Devantier A, Koelle T, Jensen H E. Parietal cell vagotomy as an emergency procedure for bleeding peptic ulcer. Ann Surg 1987; 206: 583–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schein M, Gecelter G. APACHE II score in massive upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage from peptic ulcer: prognostic value and potential clinical applications. Br J Surg 1989; 76: 733–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunt P S. Surgical management of bleeding chronic peptic ulcer. A 10-year prospective study. Ann Surg 1984; 199: 44–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiller K FR, Truelove S E, Williams D G. Haematemesis and melaena with special reference to factors influencing outcome. Br Med J 1970; ii: 7–14
   Google Scholar
• Morris D L, Hawker P C, Brearley S, et al. Optimal timing of operation for bleeding peptic ulcer: prospective randomized trial. Br Med J 1984; 288: 1277–80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dronfield M W, Atkinson M, Langman M JS. Effect of different operation policies on mortality from bleeding peptic ulcer. Lancet 1979; i: 1126–8
   Google Scholar
• Cochran T A. Bleeding peptic ulcer: surgical therapy. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1993; 22: 751–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubenz I, Borsch G. Role of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the prevention of peptic ulcer bleeding relapse. Digestion 1994; 55: 19–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes G M, Glaser M E, Cullen D IE, et al. Duodenal ulcer treated with Helicobacter pylori eradication: seven-year follow-up. Lancet 1994; 343: 258–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham D Y, Lew G M, Klein P D, et al. Effect of treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection on the long-term recurrence of gastric or duodenal ulcer. A randomized, controlled study. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116: 705–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham D Y, Hepps K S, Ramirez F C, Lew G M, Saeed Z A. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori reduces the rate of rebleeding in peptic ulcer disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1993; 28: 939–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maier M, Schilling D, Dorlars D, et al. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori or H2 blocker maintenance therapy after peptic ulcer bleeding—a prospective randomized trial. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: A156
   Google Scholar
• Jaspersen D, Koerner T, Schorr W, Brennenstuhl M, Raschka C, Hammar C H. Eradication of Helicobacter pylori reduces the rate of rebleeding in complicated ulcer disease. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: A122
   Google Scholar
• Tagaris A, Kamberoglou D, Tzitzi D, Doulgeroglou B, Tzias B, Lagoudakis M. Helicobacter pylori, non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and other risk factors in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: A230
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanderson J D, Taylor R FH, Pugh S, Vicary F R. Specialized gastrointestinal units for the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Postgrad Med J 1990; 66: 654–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulz F, Hanusch J, Starlinger M, Schiessel R. The importance of emergency endoscopy in cases of severe upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1986; 98: 233–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacks H S, Chalmers T C, Blum A L, Berrier J, Pagano D. Endoscopic haemostasis: an effective therapy for bleeding peptic ulcers. JAMA 1990; 264: 494–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrest J AH, Finlayson N DC, Shearman D JC. Endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding. Lancet 1974; ii: 394–7
   Google Scholar