K-RAS-2 Gene Mutations as Predictors of Metachronous Colorectal Adenomas

References

• Muto T, Bussey HJR, Morson BC. The evolution of cancer of the colon and rectum. Cancer 1975; 36: 2251–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Ho MN, O'Brien MJ, Gottlieb LS, Steinberg SS, et al. Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic polypectomy. N Engl J Med 1993; 392: 1977–81
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, O'Brien MJ, Ho MN, Gottlieb L, Sternberg SS, et al. Randomized comparison of surveillance intervals after colonoscopic removal of newly diagnosed adenomatous polyps. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 901–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matek W, Guggenmoos-Holzmann I, Demling L. Follow-up of patients with colorectal adenomas. Endoscopy 1985; 17: 175–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, Kern SE, Preisinger AC, Leppert M, et al. Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 525–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capon DJ, Seeburg PH, McGrath JP, Hayflick JS, Edman U, Levinson AD, et al. Activation of K-ras-2 gene in human colon and lung carcinomas by two different point mutations. Nature 1983; 304: 507–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelstein SD, Sayegh R, Christensen S, Swalsky PA. Genotypic classification of colorectal adenocarcinoma. Cancer 1993; 71: 3827–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benhattar J, Losi L, Chaubert P, Givel J-C, Costa J. Prognostic significance of K-ras mutations in colorectal carcinoma. Gastroenterology 1993; 104: 1044–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burmer GC, Loeb LA. Mutations in the KRAS2 oncogene during progressive stages of human colon carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 2403–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bos JL, Fearon E, Hamilton S, Verlaan-de Vries M, van Boom J, van der Eb A, et al. Prevalence of ras gene mutations in human colorectal cancers. Nature 1987; 327: 293–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrester K, Almoguera C, Han K, Grizzle WE, Perucho M. Detection of high incidence of K-ras oncogenes during human colon tumorigenesis. Nature 1987; 327: 298–303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell SM, Scott M, Cross D, Sagar P, Lewis FA, Blair GE, et al. Prognostic value of p53 overexpression and c-Ki-ras gene mutations in colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 1993; 104: 57–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamelin R, Laurent-Puig P, Olschwang S, Jego N, Asselain B, Remvikos Y, et al. Association of p53 mutations with short survival in colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 1994; 106: 42–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jen J, Kim H, Piantadosi S, Liu Z-F, Levitt RC, Sistonen P, et al. Allelic loss of chromosome 18q and prognosis in colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 213–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffioen G, Cornelisse CJ, Verspaget HW, Sier CF, Eulderink F, Bosman FT, et al. Association of aneuploidy in index adenomas with metachronous colorectal adenoma development and a comparison. Cancer 1992; 70: 2035–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott N, Bell SM, Sagar P, Blair GE, Dixon MF, Quirke P. p53 expression and K-ras mutation in colorectal adenomas. Gut 1993; 34: 621–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita N, Minamoto T, Ochiai A, Onda M, Esumi H. Frequent and characteristic K-ras activation and absence of p53 protein accumulation in aberrant crypt foci of the colon. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: 434–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AJ, Stern HS, Penner M, Hay K, Mitri A, Bapat BV, et al. Somatic APC and K-ras codon 12 mutations in aberrant crypt foci from human colons. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 5527–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jass JR, Sobin LH. Histological typing of intestinal tumours. WHO international classification of tumours. 2nd ed. Springer, Berlin 1989
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki Y, Orita M, Shiraishi M, Hayashi K, Sekiya T. Detection of ras gene mutations in human lung cancers by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products. Oncogene 1990; 5: 1037–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orita M, Suzuki Y, Sekiya T, Hayashi K. Rapid and sensitive detection of point mutations and DNA polymorphisms using the polymerase chain reaction. Genomics 1989; 5: 874–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orita M, Iwahana H, Kanazawa H, Hayashi K, Sekiya T. Detection of polymorphisms of human DNA by gel electrophoresis as single-strand conformation polymorphisms. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 2766–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi K. PCR-SSCP: a simple and sensitive method for detection of mutations in the genomic DNA. PCR Meth Appl 1991; 1: 34–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Finke J, Fritzen R, Ternes P, Lange W, Dolken G. An improved strategy and a useful housekeeping gene for RNA analysis from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue by PCR. Bio Techniques 1993; 14: 448–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, Sambrook J. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 1982
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki Y, Sekiya T, Hayashi K. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction: a method for amplification and sequence determination of a single component among a mixture of sequence variants. Anal Biochem 1991; 192: 82–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinya H, Wolff WI. Morphology, anatomic distribution and cancer potential of colonic polyps. An analysis of 7,000 polyps endoscopically removed. Ann Surg 1979; 190: 679–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermanek P, Fruhmorgen P, Guggenmoos-Holzmann I, Altendorf A, Matek W. The malignant potential of colorectal polyps-a new statistical approach. Endoscopy 1983; 15: 16–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien MJ, Winawer SJ, Zauber AG, Gottlieb LS, Sternberg SS, Diaz B, et al. The national polyp study. Patient and polyp characteristics associated with high-grade dysplasia in colorectal adenomas. Gastroenterology 1990; 98: 371–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorgensen OD, Kronborg O, Fenger C. The Funen Adenoma Follow-Up Study. Characteristics of patients and initial adenomas in relation to severe dysplasia. Scand J Gastroenterol 1993; 28: 239–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shibata D, Schaeffer J, Li Z-H, Capella G, Perucho M. Genetic heterogeneity of the c-K-ras locus in colorectal adenomas but not in adenocarcinomas. J Nat Cancer Inst 1993; 85: 1058–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giaretti W, Pujic N, Rapallo A, Nigro S, Di Vinci A, Geido E, et al. K-ras-2 G-C and G-T transversions correlate with DNA aneuploidy in colorectal adenomas. Gastroenterology 1995; 108: 1040–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ohue M, Tomita N, Monden T, Fujita M, Fukunaga M, Takami K, et al. A frequent alteration of p53 gene in carcinoma in adenoma of colon. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 804, 4798
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenblatt MS, Bennett WP, Hollstein M, Harris CC, Ohnishi T. Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene: clues to cancer etiology and molecular pathogenesis. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 4855–78
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikuchi-Yanoshita R, Konishi M, Ito S, Seki M, Tanaka K, Maeda Y, et al. Genetic changes of both p53 alleles associated with the conversion from colorectal adenoma to early carcinoma in familial adenomatous polyposis and non-familial adenomatous polyposis patients. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 3965–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang F, Syrjänen S, Kurvinen K, Syrjänen K. The p53 tumor suppressor gene as a common cellular target in human carcinogenesis. Am J Gastroenterol 1993; 88: 174–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hollstein M, Sidransky D, Vogelstein B, Harris CC. p53 mutations in human cancers. Science 1991; 253: 49–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Offerhaus GJA, De Feyter EP, Cornelisse CJ, Tersmette KWF, Floyd J, Kern S, et al. The relationship of DNA aneuploidy to molecular genetic alterations in colorectal carcinoma. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 1612–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLellan EA, Owen RA, Stepniewska KA, Sheffield JP, Lemoine NR. High frequency of K-ras mutations in sporatic colorectal adenomas. Gut 1993; 34: 392–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jen J, Powell SM, Papadopoulos N, Smith KJ, Hamilton SR, Vogelstein B, et al. Molecular determinants of dysplasia in colorectal lesions. Cancer Res 1994; 54: 5523–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranaldi R, Gioacchini AM, Manzin A, Clementi M, Paolucci S, Bearzi I. Adenoma-carcinoma sequence of colorectum. Prevalence of K-ras gene mutations in adenomas with increasing degree of dysplasia and aneuploidy. Diagn Mol Pathol 1995; 4: 198–202
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ajiki T, Fujimori T, Ikehara H, Saitoh Y, Maeda S. K-ras gene mutation related to histopathological atypias in human colorectal adenomas. Biotech Histochem 1995; 70: 90–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachse R, Murakami Y, Shiraishi M, Hayashi K, Hayashi T. Absence of activating mutations in the transmembrane domain of the c-erbB-2 protooncogene in human lung cancer. Jpn J Cancer Res 1992; 83: 1299–1303
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sachse R, Murakami Y, Shiraishi M, Hayashi K, Sekiya T. DNA aberrations at the retinoblastoma gene locus in human squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. Oncogene 1994; 9: 39–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bond JH. Polyp guidelines: diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance for patients with nonfamilial colorectal polyps. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 836–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar