References
- Woodward WE, Mosley WH. The spectrum of cholera in rural Bangladesh. II. Comparison of El Tor Ogawa and classical Inaba infection. Am J Epidemiol 1972;96:342–51.
- Reidl J, Klose KE. Vibrio cholerae and cholera: out of the water and into the host. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2002;26:125–39.
- Koelle K, Pascual M, Yunus M. Pathogen adaptation to seasonal forcing and climate change. Proc Biol Sci 2005;272:971–7.
- Stroeher UH, Karageorgos LE, Morona R, Manning PA. Serotype conversion in Vibrio cholerae O1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992;89:2566–70.
- Raychoudhuri A, Chatterjee S, Pazhani GP, Nandy RK, Bhattacharya MK, Bhattacharya SK, . Molecular characterization of recent Vibrio cholerae O1, El Tor, Inaba strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Kolkata, India. J Infect 2007;55:431–8.
- Hisatsune K, Kondo S, Isshiki Y, Iguchi T, Haishima Y. Occurrence of 2-O-methyl-N-(3-deoxy-L-glycero-tetronyl)-D-perosamine (4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-manno-pyranose) in lipopolysaccharide from Ogawa but not from Inaba O forms of O1 Vibrio cholerae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993;190:302–7.
- Ito T, Higuchi T, Hirobe M, Hiramatsu K, Yokota T. Identification of a novel sugar, 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-2-O-methylmannose in the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa. Carbohydr Res 1994;256:113–28.
- Wang J, Villeneuve S, Zhang J, Lei P, Miller CE, Lafaye P, . On the antigenic determinants of the lipopolysaccharides of Vibrio cholerae O:1, serotypes Ogawa and Inaba. J Biol Chem 1998;273:2777–83.
- Longini IM Jr, Yunus M, Zaman K, Siddique AK, Sack RB, Nizam A. Epidemic and endemic cholera trends over a 33-year period in Bangladesh. J Infect Dis 2002;186:246–51.
- Venkatraman KV. A note on the reappearance of the Inaba type of V. cholerae in the Madras province New Delhi: Indian Research Fund Association; 1947. 10.
- Felsenfeld O. A review of recent trends in cholera research and control. With an annex on the isolation and identification of cholera vibrios. Bull World Health Organ 1966;34:161–95.
- Barua D. History of cholera. Barua D, Greenough WB. Cholera New York: Plenum Press; 1992. 1–35.
- Pollitzer R, Swaroop S, Burrows W. Cholera. Monogr Ser World Health Organ 1959;58:1001–19.
- Dalsgaard A, Skov MN, Serichantalergs O, Echeverria P, Meza R, Taylor DN. Molecular evolution of Vibrio cholerae O1 strains isolated in Lima, Peru, from 1991 to 1995. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35:1151–6.
- Bhaskaran K, Gorrill RH. A study of antigenic variation in Vibrio cholerae. J Gen Microbiol 1957;16:721–9.
- Sack RB, Miller CE. Progressive changes of Vibrio serotypes in germ-free mice infected with Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol 1969;99:688–95.
- Ryan ET, Calderwood SB, Qadri F. Live attenuated oral cholera vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2006;5:483–94.
- Harris JB, Khan AI, LaRocque RC, Dorer DJ, Chowdhury F, Faruque AS, . Blood group, immunity, and risk of infection with Vibrio cholerae in an area of endemicity. Infect Immun 2005;73:7422–7.
- Asaduzzaman M, Ryan ET, John M, Hang L, Khan AI, Faruque AS, . The major subunit of the toxin-coregulated pilus TcpA induces mucosal and systemic immunoglobulin A immune responses in patients with cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139. Infect Immun 2004;72:4448–54.
- Chowdhury F, Khan AI, Harris JB, LaRocque RC, Chowdhury MI, Ryan ET, . A comparison of clinical and immunologic features in children and older patients hospitalized with severe cholera in Bangladesh. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2008;27:986–92.
- Qadri F, Ryan ET, Faruque AS, Ahmed F, Khan AI, Islam MM, . Antigen-specific immunoglobulin A antibodies secreted from circulating B cells are an effective marker for recent local immune responses in patients with cholera: comparison to antibody-secreting cell responses and other immunological markers. Infect Immun 2003;71:4808–14.
- Stoll BJ, Glass RI, Huq MI, Khan MU, Holt JE, Banu H. Surveillance of patients attending a diarrhoeal disease hospital in Bangladesh. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982;285:1185–8.
- Begum YA, Talukder KA, Nair GB, Khan SI, Svennerholm AM, Sack RB, . Comparison of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from surface water and diarrhoeal stool samples in Bangladesh. Can J Microbiol 2007;53:19–26.
- Faruque AS, Alam K, Malek MA, Khan MG, Ahmed S, Saha D, . Emergence of multidrug-resistant strain of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Bangladesh and reversal of their susceptibility to tetracycline after two years. J Health Popul Nutr 2007;25:241–3.
- Saha D, Karim MM, Khan WA, Ahmed S, Salam MA, Bennish ML. Single-dose azithromycin for the treatment of cholera in adults. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2452–62.
- Woodward WE. Cholera reinfection in man. J Infect Dis 1971;123:61–6.
- Clemens JD, van Loon F, Sack DA, Rao MR, Ahmed F, Chakrabort YJ, . Biotype as determinant of natural immunising effect of cholera. Lancet 1991;337:883–4.
- Benenson AS, Mosley WH, Fahimuddin M, Oseasohn RO. Cholera vaccine field trials in east Pakistan. 2. Effectiveness in the field. Bull World Health Organ 1968;38:359–72.
- Manning PA. Surface-associated and soluble components of Vibrio cholerae involved in bacteria–host interactions. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1994;192:265–81.
- Koelle K, Pascual M, Yunus M. Serotype cycles in cholera dynamics. Proc Biol Sci 2006;273:2879–86.
- Merson MH, Martin WT, Craig JP, Morris GK, Blake PA, Craun GF, . Cholera on Guam, 1974: epidemiologic findings and isolation of non-toxinogenic strains. Am J Epidemiol 1977;105:349–61.
- Garg P, Nandy RK, Chaudhury P, Chowdhury NR, De K, Ramamurthy T, . Emergence of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor serotype Inaba from the prevailing O1 Ogawa serotype strains in India. J Clin Microbiol 2000;38:4249–53.
- Sur D, Dutta S, Sarkar BL, Manna B, Bhattacharya MK, Datta KK, . Occurrence, significance and molecular epidemiology of cholera outbreaks in West Bengal. Indian J Med Res 2007;125:772–6.
- Mosley WH, Woodward WE, Aziz KM, Rahman AS, Chowdhury AK, Ahmed A, . The 1968–1969 cholera-vaccine field trial in rural East Pakistan. Effectiveness of monovalent Ogawa and Inaba vaccines and a purified Inaba antigen, with comparative results of serological and animal protection tests. J Infect Dis 1970; (Suppl 121):1–9.
- Faruque AS, Malek MA, Khan AI, Huq S, Salam MA, Sack DA. Diarrhoea in elderly people: aetiology, and clinical characteristics. Scand J Infect Dis 2004;36:204–8.
- Khan WA, Saha D, Rahman A, Salam MA, Bogaerts J, Bennish ML. Comparison of single-dose azithromycin and 12-dose, 3-day erythromycin for childhood cholera: a randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2002;360:1722–7.
- Cash RA, Music SI, Libonati JP, Craig JP, Pierce NF, Hornick RB. Response of man to infection with Vibrio cholerae. II. Protection from illness afforded by previous disease and vaccine. J Infect Dis 1974;130:325–33.
- Levine MM, Black RE, Clements ML, Cisneros L, Nalin DR, Young CR. Duration of infection-derived immunity to cholera. J Infect Dis 1981;143:818–20.
- Clemens JD, Sack DA, Harris JR, Van Loon F, Chakraborty J, Ahmed F, . Field trial of oral cholera vaccines in Bangladesh: results from three-year follow-up. Lancet 1990;335:270–3.
- Tacket CO, Cohen MB, Wasserman SS, Losonsky G, Livio S, Kotloff K, . Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentered trial of the efficacy of a single dose of live oral cholera vaccine CVD 103-HgR in preventing cholera following challenge with Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba three months after vaccination. Infect Immun 1999;67:6341–5.
- Taylor DN, Tacket CO, Losonsky G, Castro O, Gutierrez J, Meza R, . Evaluation of a bivalent (CVD 103-HgR/CVD 111) live oral cholera vaccine in adult volunteers from the United States and Peru. Infect Immun 1997;65:3852–6.
- Qadri F, Chowdhury MI, Faruque SM, Salam MA, Ahmed T, Begum YA, . Peru-15, a live attenuated oral cholera vaccine, is safe and immunogenic in Bangladeshi toddlers and infants. Vaccine 2007;25:231–8.
- Wade WF. B-cell responses to lipopolysaccharide epitopes: who sees what first – does it matter?. Am J Reprod Immunol 2006;56:329–36.
- Meeks MD, Saksena R, Ma X, Wade TK, Taylor RK, Kovac P, . Synthetic fragments of Vibrio cholerae O1 Inaba O-specific polysaccharide bound to a protein carrier are immunogenic in mice but do not induce protective antibodies. Infect Immun 2004;72:4090–101.
- Nelson EJ, Chowdhury A, Harris JB, Begum YA, Chowdhury F, Khan AI, . Complexity of rice-water stool from patients with Vibrio cholerae plays a role in the transmission of infectious diarrhea. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007;104:19091–6.
- Harris JB, Larocque RC, Chowdhury F, Khan AI, Logvinenko T, Faruque AS, . Susceptibility to Vibrio cholerae infection in a cohort of household contacts of patients with cholera in Bangladesh. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2008;2:e221–