Detection of microbial diversity in endocarditis using cultivation-independent molecular techniques

References

• Durack DT, Karchmer AW. Infective endocarditis. Section 7, Chapter 18. Dale DC, Federman DD. ACP Medicine. New York: WebMD; 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Hill EE, Herijgers P, Herregods MC, Peetermans WE. Evolving trends in infective endocarditis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006;12:5–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brouqui P, Raoult D. Endocarditis due to rare and fastidious bacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 2001;14:177–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podglajen I, Bellery F, Poyart C, Coudol P, Buu-Hoï A, Bruneval P, . Comparative molecular and microbiologic diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9:1543–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldenberger D, Künzli A, Vogt P, Zbinden R, Altwegg M. Molecular diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis by broad-range PCR amplification and direct sequencing. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35:2733–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millar B, Moore J, Mallon P, Xu J, Crowe M, McClurg R, . Molecular diagnosis of infective endocarditis—a new Duke's criterion. Scand J Infect Dis 2001;33:673–80.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bosshard PP, Kronenberg A, Zbinden R, Ruef C, Böttger EC, Altwegg M. Etiologic diagnosis of infective endocarditis by broad-range polymerase chain reaction: a 3-year experience. Clin Infect Dis 2003;37:167–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lang S, Watkin RW, Lambert PA, Bonser RS, Littler WA, Elliott TS. Evaluation of PCR in the molecular diagnosis of endocarditis. J Infect 2004;48:269–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Millar BC, Moore JE. Current trends in the molecular diagnosis of infective endocarditis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2004;23:353–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munõz P, Bouza E, Marin M, Alcala L, Creixems MR, Valerio M, . Heart valves should not be cultured. J Clin Microbiol 2008;46:2897–901.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane DJ. 16/23S rRNA sequencing. Stackebrandt E, Goodfellow M. Nucleic acid techniques in bacterial systematics. Chichester, UK: Wiley; 1991. 113–75.
   Google Scholar
• Hansen AA, Jensen LL, Kristoffersen T, Mikkelsen K, Merrison J, Finster KW, . Effects of long-term simulated martian conditions on a freeze-dried and homogenized bacterial permafrost community. Astrobiology 2009;9:229–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee DY, Lauder H, Cruwys H, Falletta P, Beaudette LA. Development and application of an oligonucleotide microarray and real-time quantitative PCR for detection of wastewater bacterial pathogens. Sci Total Environ 2008;398:203–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francois P, Pittet D, Bento M, Pepey B, Vaudaux P, Lew D, . Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus directly from sterile or nonsterile clinical samples by a new molecular assay. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41:254–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhagan-Bruno S, Lather N, Fergus IV. Acinetobacter endocarditis presenting as a large right atrial mass: an atypical presentation. Echocardiography 2010;27:E39–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Zee A, Peeters M, de Jong C, Verbakel H, Crielaard JW, Claas EC, . Qiagen DNA extraction kits for sample preparation for Legionella PCR are not suitable for diagnostic purposes. J Clin Microbiol 2002;40:1126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nomura R, Nakano K, Nemoto H, Mukai T, Hata H, Toda K, . Molecular analyses of bacterial DNA in extirpated heart valves from patients with infective endocarditis. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2009;24:43–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brouqui P, Raoult D. New insight into the diagnosis of fastidious bacterial endocarditis. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2006;47:1–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fournier PE, Thuny F, Richet H, Lepidi H, Casalta JP, Arzouni JP, . Comprehensive diagnostic strategy for blood culture-negative endocarditis: a prospective study of 819 new cases. Clin Infect Dis 2010;51:131–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marín M, Munõz P, Sanchez M, del Rosal M, Alacá L, Rodriguez-Créixems M, . Molecular diagnosis of infective endocarditis by real-time broad-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing directly from heart valve tissue. Medicine (Baltimore) 2007;86:195–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branger S, Casalta J, Habib G, Collard F, Raoult D. Streptococcus pneumoniae endocarditis: persistence of DNA on heart valve material 7 years after infectious episode. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41:4435–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post J, Aul J, Wadowsky R, Zavoral T, Tabari R, Kerber B, . PCR-based detection of bacterial DNA after antimicrobial treatment is indicative of persistent, viable bacteria in the chinchilla model of otitis media. Am J Otolaryngol 1996;17:106–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forner L, Larsen T, Kilian M, Holmstrup P. Incidence of bacteremia after chewing, tooth brushing and scaling in individuals with periodontal inflammation. J Clin Periodontal 2006;33:401–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vondracek M, Sartipy U, Aufwerber E, Julander I, Lindblom D, Westling K. 16S rDNA sequencing of valve tissue improves microbiological diagnosis in surgically treated patients with infective endocarditis. J Infect 2011;62:472–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kommedal Ø, Karlsen B, Sæbø Ø. Analysis of mixed sequencing chromatograms and its application in direct 16S rRNA gene sequencing of polymicrobial samples. J Clin Microbiol 2008;46:3766–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gebert S, Siegel D, Wellinghausen N. Rapid detection of pathogens in blood culture bottles by real-time PCR in conjunction with the pre-analytic tool MolYsis. J Infect 2008;57:307–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nyström-Rosander C, Edvinsson M, Thelin S, Hjelm E, Friman G. Chlamydia pneumophila: specific mRNA in aorta ascendens in patients undergoing coronary artery by-pass grafting. Scand J Infect Dis 2006;38:758–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallmann C, Siemoneit S, Schmiedel D, Petrich A, Gescher DM, Halle E, . Fluorescence in situ hybridization to improve the diagnosis of endocarditis: a pilot study. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010;16:767–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gontcharova V, Youn E, Sun Y, Wolcott RD, Dowd SE. A comparison of bacterial composition in diabetic ulcers and contralateral intact skin. Open Microbiol J 2010;4: 8–19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar