Rational use of aminoglycosides—Review and recommendations by the Swedish Reference Group for Antibiotics (SRGA)

References

• Gilbert DN. Aminoglycosides. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, Douglas RG, editors. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. 4th ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1995 pp. 279–306.
   Google Scholar
• Antimicrobial wild type distributions of microorganisms. Database of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST); 2012. Available at: http://mic.eucast.org/Eucast2/ (accessed 1 November 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Poole K. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: resistance to the max. Front Microbiol 2011;2:65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wachino J, Arakawa Y. Exogenously acquired 16S rRNA methyltransferases found in aminoglycoside-resistant pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria: an update. Drug Resist Updat 2012;15:133–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lepper PM, Held TK, Schneider EM, Bolke E, Gerlach H, Trautmann M. Clinical implications of antibiotic- induced endotoxin release in septic shock. Intensive Care Med 2002;28:824–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prins JM, van Agtmael MA, Kuijper EJ, van Deventer SJ, Speelman P. Antibiotic-induced endotoxin release in patients with Gram-negative urosepsis: a double-blind study comparing imipenem and ceftazidime. J Infect Dis 1995;172:886–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjolin J, Goscinski G, Lundholm M, Bring J, Odenholt I. Endotoxin release from Escherichia coli after exposure to tobramycin: dose-dependency and reduction in cefuroxime-induced endotoxin release. Clin Microbiol Infect 2000;6: 74–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bucklin SE, Morrison DC. Differences in therapeutic efficacy among cell wall-active antibiotics in a mouse model of Gram-negative sepsis. J Infect Dis 1995;172:1519–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandoe JA, Wysome J, West AP, Heritage J, Wilcox MH. Measurement of ampicillin, vancomycin, linezolid and gentamicin activity against enterococcal biofilms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006;57:767–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis BD. Bactericidal synergism between beta-lactams and aminoglycosides: mechanism and possible therapeutic implications. Rev Infect Dis 1982;4:237–45.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Goncalves-Pereira J, Martins A, Povoa P. Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in critically ill patients: pilot study evaluating the first dose. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16:1258–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dufour G, Montravers P. Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics or antifungal drugs in intensive care units. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2009;11:14–20.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McKenzie C. Antibiotic dosing in critical illness. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011;66(Suppl 2):ii25–31.
   Google Scholar
• Taccone FS, Laterre PF, Spapen H, Dugernier T, Delattre I, Layeux B, . Revisiting the loading dose of amikacin for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Crit Care 2010;14:R53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taccone FS, de Backer D, Laterre PF, Spapen H, Dugernier T, Delattre I, . Pharmacokinetics of a loading dose of amikacin in septic patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011;37:531–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cataldo MA, Petrosillo N, Cipriani M, Cauda R, Tacconelli E. Prosthetic joint infection: recent developments in diagnosis and management. J Infect 2010;61: 443–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galvez R, Luengo C, Cornejo R, Kosche J, Romero C, Tobar E, . Higher than recommended amikacin loading doses achieve pharmacokinetic targets without associated toxicity. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2011;38:146–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibovici L, Paul M, Poznanski O, Drucker M, Samra Z, Konigsberger H, . Monotherapy versus beta-lactam–aminoglycoside combination treatment for Gram-negative bacteremia: a prospective, observational study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997;41:1127–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul M, Silbiger I, Grozinsky S, Soares-Weiser K, Leibovici L. Beta lactam antibiotic monotherapy versus beta lactam–aminoglycoside antibiotic combination therapy for sepsis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; (1):CD003344.
   Google Scholar
• Safdar N, Handelsman J, Maki DG. Does combination antimicrobial therapy reduce mortality in Gram-negative bacteraemia?A meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2004;4: 519–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korvick JA, Bryan CS, Farber B, Beam TR Jr, Schenfeld L, Muder RR, . Prospective observational study of Klebsiella bacteremia in 230 patients: outcome for antibiotic combinations versus monotherapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992;36:2639–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreger BE, Craven DE, McCabe WR. Gram-negative bacteremia. IV. Re-evaluation of clinical features and treatment in 612 patients. Am J Med 1980;68:344–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul M, Shani V, Muchtar E, Kariv G, Robenshtok E, Leibovici L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy for sepsis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54:4851–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar A, Safdar N, Kethireddy S, Chateau D. A survival benefit of combination antibiotic therapy for serious infections associated with sepsis and septic shock is contingent only on the risk of death: a meta-analytic/meta-regression study. Crit Care Med 2010;38:1651–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar A, Zarychanski R, Light B, Parrillo J, Maki D, Simon D, . Early combination antibiotic therapy yields improved survival compared with monotherapy in septic shock: a propensity-matched analysis. Crit Care Med 2010; 38:1773–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun HY, Fujitani S, Quintiliani R, Yu VL. Pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: part II: antimicrobial resistance, pharmacodynamic concepts, and antibiotic therapy. Chest 2011;139:1172–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Solh AA, Alhajhusain A. Update on the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;64:229–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Micek ST, Welch EC, Khan J, Pervez M, Doherty JA, Reichley RM, . Empiric combination antibiotic therapy is associated with improved outcome against sepsis due to Gram-negative bacteria: a retrospective analysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54:1742–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig WA. Optimizing aminoglycoside use. Crit Care Clin 2011;27:107–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vidal L, Gafter-Gvili A, Borok S, Fraser A, Leibovici L, Paul M. Efficacy and safety of aminoglycoside monotherapy: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60:247–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swedish Strategic Programme against Antibiotic Resistance (Strama), Available at: http://soapimg.icecube.snowfall.se/strama/Strama%20ESBL%20eng.pdf, 2007 (accessed 1 November 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Leibovici L, Vidal L, Paul M. Aminoglycoside drugs in clinical practice: an evidence-based approach. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;63:246–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luyt CE, Combes A, Nieszkowska A, Trouillet JL, Chastre J. Aerosolized antibiotics to treat ventilator-associated pneumonia. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2009;22:154–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bailey JA, Virgo KS, DiPiro JT, Nathens AB, Sawyer RG, Mazuski JE. Aminoglycosides for intra-abdominal infection: equal to the challenge? Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2002;3: 315–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Falagas ME, Matthaiou DK, Karveli EA, Peppas G. Meta-analysis: randomized controlled trials of clindamycin/aminoglycoside vs. beta-lactam monotherapy for the treatment of intra-abdominal infections. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;25:537–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Falagas ME, Matthaiou DK, Bliziotis IA. The role of aminoglycosides in combination with a beta-lactam for the treatment of bacterial endocarditis: a meta-analysis of comparative trials. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006;57: 639–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham JC, Gould FK. Role of aminoglycosides in the treatment of bacterial endocarditis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002;49:437–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le T, Bayer AS. Combination antibiotic therapy for infective endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36: 615–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endocarditis Working Group (EWG) of the Swedish Society of Medicine. Available at: http://www.infektion.net/sites/default/files/pdf/Vardprogram_endokardit_2012.pdf# overlay-context=v%25C3%25A5rdprogram-infektionssjukdomar, 2012 (accessed 1 November 2012).
   Google Scholar
• Cosgrove SE, Vigliani GA, Fowler VG Jr, Abrutyn E, Corey GR, Levine DP, . Initial low-dose gentamicin for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and endocarditis is nephrotoxic. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:713–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Novoa JM, Quiros Y, Vicente L, Morales AI, Lopez-Hernandez FJ. New insights into the mechanism of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity: an integrative point of view. Kidney Int 2011;79:33–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tablan OC, Reyes MP, Rintelmann WF, Lerner AM. Renal and auditory toxicity of high-dose, prolonged therapy with gentamicin and tobramycin in pseudomonas endocarditis. J Infect Dis 1984;149:257–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smyth A, Tan KH, Hyman-Taylor P, Mulheran M, Lewis S, Stableforth D, . Once versus three-times daily regimens of tobramycin treatment for pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis—the TOPIC study: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;365:573–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rougier F, Ducher M, Maurin M, Corvaisier S, Claude D, Jelliffe R, . Aminoglycoside dosages and nephrotoxicity: quantitative relationships. Clin Pharmacokinet 2003;42: 493–500.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Quiros Y, Vicente-Vicente L, Morales AI, Lopez-Novoa JM, Lopez-Hernandez FJ. An integrative overview on the mechanisms underlying the renal tubular cytotoxicity of gentamicin. Toxicol Sci 2011;119:245–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartal C, Danon A, Schlaeffer F, Reisenberg K, Alkan M, Smoliakov R, Sidi A, Almog Y. Pharmacokinetic dosing of aminoglycosides: a controlled trial. Am J Med. 2003;114: 194–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buijk SE, Mouton JW, Gyssens IC, Verbrugh HA, Bruining HA. Experience with a once-daily dosing program of aminoglycosides in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2002;28:936–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipcsey M, Carlsson M, Larsson A, Algotsson L, Eriksson M, Lukinius A, . Effect of a single dose of tobramycin on systemic inflammatory response-induced acute kidney injury in a 6-hour porcine model. Crit Care Med 2009;37:2782–90.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith CR, Baughman KL, Edwards CQ, Rogers JF, Lietman PS. Controlled comparison of amikacin and gentamicin. N Engl J Med 1977;296:349–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith CR, Lipsky JJ, Laskin OL, Hellmann DB, Mellits ED, Longstreth J, . Double-blind comparison of the nephrotoxicity and auditory toxicity of gentamicin and tobramycin. N Engl J Med 1980;302:1106–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatell JM, SanMiguel JG, Araujo V, Zamora L, Mana J, Ferrer M, . Prospective randomized double-blind comparison of nephrotoxicity and auditory toxicity of tobramycin and netilmicin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1984;26:766–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerner SA, Schmitt BA, Seligsohn R, Matz GJ. Comparative study of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity in patients randomly assigned to treatment with amikacin or gentamicin. Am J Med 1986;80:98–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buring JE, Evans DA, Mayrent SL, Rosner B, Colton T, Hennekens CH. Randomized trials of aminoglycoside antibiotics: quantitative overview. Rev Infect Dis 1988;10:951–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Contrepois A, Brion N, Garaud JJ, Faurisson F, Delatour F, Levy JC, . Renal disposition of gentamicin, dibekacin, tobramycin, netilmicin, and amikacin in humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985;27:520–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munckhof WJ, Grayson ML, Turnidge JD. A meta-analysis of studies on the safety and efficacy of aminoglycosides given either once daily or as divided doses. J Antimicrob Chemother 1996;37:645–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatala R, Dinh T, Cook DJ. Once-daily aminoglycoside dosing in immunocompetent adults: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:717–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen KM, Rudis MI, Rebuck JA, Hara J, Gelmont D, Mehdian R, . Effect of once-daily dosing vs. multiple daily dosing of tobramycin on enzyme markers of nephrotoxicity. Crit Care Med 2004;32:1678–82.
   Google Scholar
• Smyth AR, Bhatt J. Once-daily versus multiple-daily dosing with intravenous aminoglycosides for cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;(1):CD002009.
   Google Scholar
• Mavros MN, Polyzos KA, Rafailidis PI, Falagas ME. Once versus multiple daily dosing of aminoglycosides for patients with febrile neutropenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011;66:251–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verpooten GA, Giuliano RA, Verbist L, Eestermans G, De Broe ME. Once-daily dosing decreases renal accumulation of gentamicin and netilmicin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989;45:22–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Broe ME, Verbist L, Verpooten GA. Influence of dosage schedule on renal cortical accumulation of amikacin and tobramycin in man. J Antimicrob Chemother 1991; 27(Suppl C):41–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Becvarovski Z, Michaelides EM, Kartush JM, Bojrab DI, LaRouere MJ. Rapid elevation of gentamicin levels in the human labyrinth following intravenous administration. Laryngoscope 2002;112(7 Pt 1):1163–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aran JM, Erre JP, Lima da Costa D, Debbarh I, Dulon D. Acute and chronic effects of aminoglycosides on cochlear hair cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999;884:60–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perletti G, Vral A, Patrosso MC, Marras E, Ceriani I, Willems P, . Prevention and modulation of aminoglycoside ototoxicity (Review). Mol Med Report 2008;1:3–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huth ME, Ricci AJ, Cheng AG. Mechanisms of aminoglycoside ototoxicity and targets of hair cell protection. Int J Otolaryngol 2011;2011:937861.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raimundo N, Song L, Shutt TE, McKay SE, Cotney J, Guan MX, . Mitochondrial stress engages E2F1 apoptotic signaling to cause deafness. Cell 2012;148:716–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC, editors. Goodman & Gilman's The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Moore RD, Smith CR, Lietman PS. Risk factors for the development of auditory toxicity in patients receiving aminoglycosides. J Infect Dis 1984;149:23–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore RD, Lerner SA, Levine DP. Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of aztreonam versus aminoglycoside therapy in seriously ill nonneutropenic patients. J Infect Dis 1992; 165:683–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gurtler N, Schmuziger N, Kim Y, Mhatre AN, Jungi M, Lalwani AK. Audiologic testing and molecular analysis of 12S rRNA in patients receiving aminoglycosides. Laryngoscope 2005;115:640–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhanireddy S, Liles WC, Gates GA. Vestibular toxic effects induced by once-daily aminoglycoside therapy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;131:46–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Black FO, Pesznecker S, Stallings V. Permanent gentamicin vestibulotoxicity. Otol Neurotol 2004;25:559–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu J, Li Z, Zhu Y, Yang A, Li R, Zheng J, . Mitochondrial 12S rRNA variants in 1642 Han Chinese pediatric subjects with aminoglycoside-induced and nonsyndromic hearing loss. Mitochondrion 2010;10:380–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mueller EW, Boucher BA. The use of extended-interval aminoglycoside dosing strategies for the treatment of moderate-to-severe infections encountered in critically ill surgical patients. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2009;10:563–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abreu BC, Peloquin SM. Embracing diversity in our profession. Am J Occup Ther 2004;58:353–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali MZ, Goetz MB. A meta-analysis of the relative efficacy and toxicity of single daily dosing versus multiple daily dosing of aminoglycosides. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24: 796–809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobbie SN, Akshay S, Kalapala SK, Bruell CM, Shcherbakov D, Bottger EC. Genetic analysis of interactions with eukaryotic rRNA identify the mitoribosome as target in aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008;105:20888–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qian Y, Guan MX. Interaction of aminoglycosides with human mitochondrial 12S rRNA carrying the deafness-associated mutation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:4612–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braverman I, Jaber L, Levi H, Adelman C, Arons KS, Fischel-Ghodsian N, . Audiovestibular findings in patients with deafness caused by a mitochondrial susceptibility mutation and precipitated by an inherited nuclear mutation or aminoglycosides. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996;122:1001–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berrettini S, Forli F, Passetti S, Rocchi A, Pollina L, Cecchetti D, . Mitochondrial non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss: a clinical, audiological and pathological study from Italy, and revision of the literature. Biosci Rep 2008;28:49–59.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Østergaard E, Montserrat-Sentis B, Gr nskov K, Br ndum-Nielsen K. The A1555G mtDNA mutation in Danish hearing-impaired patients: frequency and clinical signs. Clin Genet 2002;62:303–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ballana E, Morales E, Rabionet R, Montserrat B, Ventayol M, Bravo O, . Mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene mutations affect RNA secondary structure and lead to variable penetrance in hearing impairment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006;341:950–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torroni A, Cruciani F, Rengo C, Sellitto D, Lopez-Bigas N, Rabionet R, . The A1555G mutation in the 12S rRNA gene of human mtDNA: recurrent origins and founder events in families affected by sensorineural deafness. Am J Hum Genet 1999;65:1349–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen Z, Zheng J, Chen B, Peng G, Zhang T, Gong S, . Frequency and spectrum of mitochondrial 12S rRNA variants in 440 Han Chinese hearing impaired pediatric subjects from two otology clinics. J Transl Med 2011;9:4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guan MX. Mitochondrial 12S rRNA mutations associated with aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Mitochondrion 2011;11: 237–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman S, Ecob R, Costello H, Sweeney MG, Duncan AJ, Pearce K, . Hearing in 44–45 year olds with m.1555A> G, a genetic mutation predisposing to aminoglycoside-induced deafness: a population based cohort study. BMJ Open 2012; 2:e000411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pittinger CB, Eryasa Y, Adamson R. Antibiotic-induced paralysis. Anesth Analg 1970;49:487–501.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pasquale TR, Tan JS. Nonantimicrobial effects of antibacterial agents. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:127–35.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barrons RW. Drug-induced neuromuscular blockade and myasthenia gravis. Pharmacotherapy 1997;17:1220–32.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kass JS, Shandera WX. Nervous system effects of antituberculosis therapy. CNS Drugs 2010;24:655–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaidyanathan S, Peloquin C, Wyndaele JJ, Buczynski AZ, Almog Y, Markantonis SL, . Amikacin dosing and monitoring in spinal cord injury patients: variation in clinical practice between spinal injury units and differences in experts recommendations. ScientificWorldJournal 2006;6: 187–99.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drusano GL, Ambrose PG, Bhavnani SM, Bertino JS, Nafziger AN, Louie A. Back to the future: using aminoglycosides again and how to dose them optimally. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:753–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rybak MJ, Abate BJ, Kang SL, Ruffing MJ, Lerner SA, Drusano GL. Prospective evaluation of the effect of an aminoglycoside dosing regimen on rates of observed nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43:1549–55.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferriols-Lisart R, Alos-Alminana M. Effectiveness and safety of once-daily aminoglycosides: a meta-analysis. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1996;53:1141–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman CD, Strayer AH. Mega-analysis of meta-analysis: an examination of meta-analysis with an emphasis on once-daily aminoglycoside comparative trials. Pharmacotherapy 1996;16:1093–102.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galloe AM, Graudal N, Christensen HR, Kampmann JP. Aminoglycosides: single or multiple daily dosing? A meta-analysis on efficacy and safety. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1995;48:39–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barza M, Ioannidis JP, Cappelleri JC, Lau J. Single or multiple daily doses of aminoglycosides: a meta-analysis. BMJ 1996;312:338–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey TC, Little JR, Littenberg B, Reichley RM, Dunagan WC. A meta-analysis of extended-interval dosing versus multiple daily dosing of aminoglycosides. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:786–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicolau DP, Freeman CD, Belliveau PP, Nightingale CH, Ross JW, Quintiliani R. Experience with a once-daily aminoglycoside program administered to 2,184 adult patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995;39:650–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen M, Christrup LL, Jarlov JO, Kampmann JP, Bonde J. Gentamicin dosing in critically ill patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001;45:734–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begg EJ, Barclay ML, Kirkpatrick CM. The therapeutic monitoring of antimicrobial agents. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001;52(Suppl 1):35S–43S.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Croes S, Koop AH, van Gils SA, Neef C. Efficacy, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity of aminoglycosides, mathematically modelled for modelling-supported therapeutic drug monitoring. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012;45:90–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teigen MM, Duffull S, Dang L, Johnson DW. Dosing of gentamicin in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46:1259–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts JA, Field J, Visser A, Whitbread R, Tallot M, Lipman J, . Using population pharmacokinetics to determine gentamicin dosing during extended daily diafiltration in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54:3635–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shemin D, Maaz D, St Pierre D, Kahn SI, Chazan JA. Effect of aminoglycoside use on residual renal function in peritoneal dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 1999;34:14–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto T, . Proposal of a pharmacokinetically optimized dosage regimen of antibiotics in patients receiving continuous hemodiafiltration. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55:5804–12.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heintz BH, Matzke GR, Dager WE. Antimicrobial dosing concepts and recommendations for critically ill adult patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy or intermittent hemodialysis. Pharmacotherapy 2009;29: 562–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akers KS, Cota JM, Frei CR, Chung KK, Mende K, Murray CK. Once-daily amikacin dosing in burn patients treated with continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011;55:4639–42.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lindeman RD. Changes in renal function with aging. Implications for treatment. Drugs Aging 1992;2:423–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morike K, Schwab M, Klotz U. Use of aminoglycosides in elderly patients. Pharmacokinetic and clinical considerations. Drugs Aging 1997;10:259–77.
   Google Scholar
• Bourguignon L, Goutelle S, De Saint-Martin JB, Maire P, Ducher M. Evaluation of various gentamicin dosage regimens in geriatric patients: a simulation study. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2010;24:109–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovering AM, Reeves DS. Potentially dangerous misuse of the Hartford once-daily nomogram for gentamicin. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009;64:1117–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beaucaire G, Leroy O, Beuscart C, Karp P, Chidiac C, Caillaux M. Clinical and bacteriological efficacy, and practical aspects of amikacin given once daily for severe infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 1991;27(Suppl C):91–103.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar