References
- Sandahl TD, Jepsen P, Thomsen KL, Vilstrup H. Incidence and mortality of alcoholic hepatitis in Denmark 1999-2008: a nationwide population based cohort study. J Hepatol 2011;54:760–4.
- Jalan R, Gines P, Olson JC, Mookerjee RP, Moreau R, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. Acute-on chronic liver failure. J Hepatol 2012;57:1336–48.
- Mookerjee RP, Stadlbauer V, Lidder S, Wright GA, Hodges SJ, Davies NA, et al. Neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis superimposed on cirrhosis is reversible and predicts the outcome. Hepatology 2007;46:831–40.
- Stadlbauer V, Mookerjee RP, Wright GA, Davies NA, Jurgens G, Hallstrom S, et al. Role of Toll-like receptors 2, 4, and 9 in mediating neutrophil dysfunction in alcoholic hepatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2009; 296:G15–22.
- Mathurin P, Lucey MR. Management of alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2012;56(Suppl 1):S39–45.
- O’Shea RS, Dasarathy S, McCullough AJ, Practice Guideline Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. Alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 2010;51:307–28.
- Christou L, Pappas G, Falagas ME. Bacterial infection- related morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:1510–17.
- Thulstrup AM, Sorensen HT, Schonheyder HC, Moller JK, Tage-Jensen U. Population-based study of the risk and short-term prognosis for bacteremia in patients with liver cirrhosis. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:1357–61.
- Stadlbauer V, Shah N, de Oca Arjona MM, Mookerjee RP, Jalan R. Alcohol takes the toll on immune function. Liver Int 2010;30:934–6.
- Gustot T, Maillart E, Bocci M, Surin R, Trepo E, Degre D, et al. Invasive aspergillosis in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. J Hepatol 2014;60:267–74.
- Garcia-Tsao G, Albillos A, Barden GE, West AB. Bacterial translocation in acute and chronic portal hypertension. Hepatology 1993;17:1081–5.
- Barnes PF, Arevalo C, Chan LS, Wong SF, Reynolds TB. A prospective evaluation of bacteremic patients with chronic liver disease. Hepatology 1988;8:1099–103.
- Almdal T, Skinhoj P, Friis H. Bacteremia in patients suffering from cirrhosis. Infection 1986;14:68–70.
- Bajaj JS, O’Leary JG, Reddy KR, Wong F, Olson JC, Subramanian RM, et al. Second infections independently increase mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: the North American consortium for the study of end-stage liver disease (NACSELD) experience. Hepatology 2012;56: 2328–35.
- Graudal N, Milman N, Kirkegaard E, Korner B, Thomsen AC. Bacteremia in cirrhosis of the liver. Liver 1986;6:297–301.
- Aloy Duch A, Espejo Arenas E, Mauri Pont M, Garcia Restoy E, Simo Sanahuja M, Bella Cueto F.[Bacteremia in the patient with liver cirrhosis. Prospective study of 61 episodes.] Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 1990;8:540–3 (in Spanish).
- Liangpunsakul S. Clinical characteristics and mortality of hospitalized alcoholic hepatitis patients in the United States. J Clin Gastroenterol 2011;45:714–19.
- Louvet A, Wartel F, Castel H, Dharancy S, Hollebecque A, Canva-Delcambre V, et al. Infection in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with steroids: early response to therapy is the key factor. Gastroenterology 2009;137:541–8.
- Forrest EH, Evans CD, Stewart S, Phillips M, Oo YH, McAvoy NC, et al. Analysis of factors predictive of mortality in alcoholic hepatitis and derivation and validation of the Glasgow alcoholic hepatitis score. Gut 2005;54: 1174–9.
- Gao B, Bataller R. Alcoholic liver disease: pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets. Gastroenterology 2011;141: 1572–85.
- Landsprævalensundersøgelsen efterår 2012. Available at: http://www.ssi.dk/Smitteberedskab/Infektionshygiejne/Overvaagning/Praevalensundersogelser/DatafraPraevalensundersogelser.aspx (in Danish).