Increased Use of Erythromycin Causes Resistance in Haemophilus influenzae

References

• Zackrisson G, Brorson J-E. Antibiotic sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae strains including three recent chloramphenicol-resistant isolates. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand [B] 1980; 88: 193–198
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forsgren A, Wilder M. Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus: Sensitivity of outpatient strains to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Scand J Infect Dis 1982; 14: 39–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kallings I, Bengtsson S, Christensen P, Holm S E, Lind L, Kalin M. Antibiotic sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Branhamella catarrhalis isolated from upper respiratory tract infections in Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis, Suppl 1983; 39: 100–105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brorson J-E, Larsson P, Zackrisson G. Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria commonly isolated from the upper respiratory tract. Infection 1983; 11: 287–288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsgren A, Walder M. Activity of common antibiotics against Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, group A streptococci and Staphylccoccus aureus in 1983. Acta Otolaryngol (Stotkh), Suppl 1984; 407: 43–49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Renkonen O V. Antibacterial activity of nine oral antibiotics against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis. Scand J Infect Dis, Suppl 1983; 39: 106–108
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Washington J A, II, Wilson W R. Erythromycin: A microbial and clinical perspective after 30 years of clinical use. Mayo Clin Proc 1985; 60: 189–203
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalm O, Kamme C, Bergström B, Löfkvist T, Norman O. Erythromycin stearate in acute maxillary sinusitis. Scand J Infect Dis 1975; 7: 209–217
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause P J, Owens N J, Nightingale C H, Klimek J J, Lehman W B, Quintiliani R. Penetration of amoxycillin, cefaklor, erythromycin-sulfisoxazole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole into the middle ear fluid of patients with chronic serous otitis media. J Infect Dis 1982; 145: 815–821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundberg L, Cederberg Å, Edén T, Ernstson S. The effect of erythromycin on the nasopharyngeal pathogens in children with secretory otitis media. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1984; 97: 379–383
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundberg L, Edén T, Ernstson S, Pahlitzsch R. Penetration of erythromycin through respiratory mucosa. Acta Otolaryngol, Suppl 1979; 365: 1–17
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Board of Health and Welfare Drug Information Committee. Sweden. Treatment of ear, nose and throat infections. UppsalaSweden 1985
   Google Scholar
• Swedish sales statistics on medicines (Svensk Läkemedelsstatistik) 1984. Supplement. StockholmSweden 1985
   Google Scholar
• Drug dose statistics, Medisinaldepot Norsk, OsloNorway 1974
   Google Scholar
• Ericsson H, Högman C, Wickman K. A paper disk method for determination of bacterial sensitivity to chemotherapeutic and antibiotic agents. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1954; 6: 23–36, Suppl 11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• The Swedish Reference Group for Antibiotics. A revised system for antibiotic sensitivity testing. Scand J Infect Dis 1981; 13: 148–152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Brien T F, Kent R L, Medeiros A A. Computer-generated plots of results of antimicrobial-susceptibility tests. JAMA 1969; 210: 84–92
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lilly H A, Lowbury E JL. Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in a burns unit after stopping routine prophylaxis with erythromycin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1978; 4: 545–550
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lai C J, Weisblum B. Altered methylation of ribosomal RNA in an erythromycin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1971; 68: 856–860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barthelemy P, Autissier D, Gerbaud G, Courvalin P. Enzymatic hydrolysis of erythromycin by a strain of Escherichia coli: a new mechanism of resistance. J Antibiot 1984; 37: 1692–1696
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andremont A, Gerbaud G, Courvalin P. Plasmid-mediated high-level resistance to erythromycin in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1986; 29: 515–518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Courvalin P, Ounissi H, Arthur M. Multiplicity of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin antibiotic resistance determinants. J Antimicrob Chemother 1985; 16: 91–100, Suppl A
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Roberts M C, Smith A L. Molecular characterization of “plasmid-free” antibiotic-resistant Haemophilus influenzae. J Bacteriol 1980; 144: 476–479
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Holmström L, Christensen P, Nyman B, Ripa T, Rosengren M, Wallander S. Outbreak of infections due to betahaemolytic streptococci group A with reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. In. Proc Swedish Med Assoc 1985, (In Swedish)
   Google Scholar
• Maruyama S, Yoshioka H, Fujita K, Takimoto M, Satake Y. Sensitivity of group A streptococci to antibiotics. Prevalence of resistance to erythromycin in Japan. Am J Dis Child 1979; 133: 1143–1145
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• New developments in antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing, C Thornsberry, T L Gavan, E H Gerlach, J C Sherris. Cumulative techniques and procedures in clinical microbiology, Am Soc Microbiol, Washington 1977
   Google Scholar
• Kjellman B, Henningsson R. Patterns of antimicrobial therapy for pediatric patients. Scand J Infect Dis 1984; 16: 103–109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar