Long-term Findings in Patients with Facial Palsy and Antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi

References

• Ackermann R, Horstrup P, Schmidt R. Tick-borne meningopolyneuritis (Garin-Bujadoux-Bannwarth). Yale J Biol Med 1984; 57: 485–490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiernstedt G. Tick-borne borrelia infection in Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 1985; 45: 1–70
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark J R, Carlsson R D, Sasaki C T, Pachner A R, Steere A C. Facial palsy in Lyme disease. Laryngoscope 1985; 95: 1341–1345
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsson I, Engervall K, Åsbrink E, Carlsson-Nordlander B, Hovmark A. Tick-borne Borreliosis and facial palsy. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1988; 105: 100–107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjerkhoel A, Carlsson M, Ohlsson J. Peripheral facial palsy caused by the borrelia spirochete. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1989; 108: 424–430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonsson L, Stiernstedt G, Carlsson J, Strömberg A, Sjöberg O, Larsson A. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid examinations in the diagnosis of Borrelia infection in Bell's palsy. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1990; 110: 421–426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberg M, Ernerudh J, Forsberg P, Fridell E, Frydén A, Hydén D, Linde A, Ödkvist L. Acute peripheral facial palsy: CSF findings and etiology. Acta Neurol Scand 1991; 83: 55–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halperm J J, Luft B J, Volkman D J, Dattwyler R J. Lyme neuroborreliosis-peripheral nervous system manifestations. Brain 1990; 113: 1207–1221
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Halperin J J, Golightly M. Lyme borreliosis in Bell's palsy. Neurology 1992; 42: 1268–1270
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilske B, Schierz G, Preac-Mursic V, von Busch K, Kühbeck R, Pfister H W, Einhäupl K. Intrathecal production of specific antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi in patients with lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (Bannwarth's syndrome). J Infect Dis 1986; 153: 304–314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofstad H, Matre R, Nyland H, Ulvestad E. Bannwarth's syndrome: serum and CSF IgG antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi examined by ELISA. Acta Neurol Scand 1987; 75: 37–45
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karlsson M, Hovind-Hougen K, Svennungsson B, Stiernstedt G. Cultivation and characterization of spirochetes from cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Lyme borreliosis. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28: 473–479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen K. Laboratory diagnostic methods in Lyme borreliosis. Clin Dermatol 1993; 11: 407–414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen K, Hindersson P, Strandberg Pedersen N. Measurement of antibodies to the Borrelia burgdorferi flagellum improves serodiagnosis in Lyme disease. J Clin Microbiol 1988; 26: 338–346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steere A C, Berardi V P, Weeks K E, Logigan E L, Ackermann R. Evaluation of the intrathecal antibody response to Borrelia burgdorferi as a diagnostic test for Lyme borreliosis. J Infect Dis 1990; 161: 1203–1209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiernstedt G, Granström M, Hederstedt B, Sköldenberg B. Diagnosis of spirochetal meningitis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Microbiol 1985; 21: 819–825
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hydén D, Sandstedt P, Ödkvist L M. Prognosis in Bell's palsy based on symptoms, signs and laboratory data. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 1982; 93: 407–414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tibblin G, Link H, Öhman S. Principles of albumin and IgG analysis in neurological disorders. Scand J Lab Invest 1977; 37: 385–390
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forsberg P, Henriksson A, Link H, Öhman S. Reference values for CSF-IgM, CSF-IgM/S-IgM ratio and IgM index and its application to patients with multiple sclerosis and aseptic meningoencephalitis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1984; 44: 7–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiernstedt G. Svensk medicin. Svenska Läkarsällskapet 1988; 1: 41, [in Swedish]
   Google Scholar
• Olsson T, Kostulas V, Link H. Improved detection of oligoclonal IgG on cerebrospinal fluid by isoelectric focusing in agarose, double-antibody peroxidase labeling and avidin biotin amplification. Clin Chem 1984; 30: 1246–1249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gustavsson R, Svennungsson B, Gardulf A, Stiernstedt G, Forsgren M. Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis in a defined Swedish population. Scand J Infect Dis 1990; 22: 297–306
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berglund J, Eitrem R. Tick-borne borreliosis in the archipelage of southern Sweden. Scand J Infect Dis 1993; 25: 67–72
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hammers-Berggren S, Hansen K, Lebech A-M, Karlsson M. Borrelia burgdorferi-specific intrathecal antibody production in neuroborreliosis. Neurology 1993; 43: 169–175
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krüger H, Kohlhepp W, König S. Follow-up of antibiotically treated and untreated neuroborreliosis. Acta Neurol Scand 1990; 82: 59–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krüger H, Reuss K, Pulz M, Rohrbach E, Pflughaupt K-W, Martin R, Mertens H G. Meningoradiculitis and encephalomyelitis due to Borrelia burgdorferi: a follow-up study of 72 patients over 27 years. J Neurol 1989; 236: 322–328
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djupesland G, Degré M, Stien R, Skrede S. Acute peripheral facial palsy. Part of a cranial polyneuropathy?. Arch Otolaryngol 1977; 103: 641–644
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sandstedt P, Hydén D, Ödkvist L M. Bell's palsy – part of a polyneuropathy?. Acta Neurol Scand 1981; 64: 66–73
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Baloh R W, Honrubia V, Sills A. Eye-tracking and optokinetic nystagmus. Results of quantitative testing in patients with well-defined nervous system lesions. Ann Oto Rhinol Laryngol 1977; 86: 108
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hydén D, Larsby B, Ödkvist L M. Visual suppression tests in CNS diagnosis. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1983; 30: 205–209
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ödkvist L M, Jervall L, Andersson H, Larsby B, Hydén D. A computerized saccade test-clinical value. Proc NES 1983; 10: 202–208
   Google Scholar