27
Views
45
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Severe Community-acquired Pneumococcal Pneumonia

, , , &
Pages 201-206 | Received 02 May 1994, Accepted 13 Feb 1995, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Marrie T. J., Durant H., Yates L. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: 5-year prospective study. Rev Infect Dis 1989; 11: 586–599
  • Sörensen J., Forsberg P., Håkanson E., Maller R., Sederholm C., Sören L., Carlsson C. A new diagnostic approach to the patient with severe pneumonia. Scand J Infect Dis 1989; 21: 33–41
  • Van Eeden S. F., Coetzee A. R., Joubert J. R. Community-acquired pneumonia. Factors influencing intensive care admission. S Afr Med J 1988; 73: 77–81
  • Hook E. W., Horton C. A., Schaberg D. R. Failure of intensive care unit support to influence mortality from pneumococcal bacteremia. JAMA 1983; 249: 1055–1057
  • Woodhead M. A., Macfarlane J. T., Rodgers F. G., Laverick A., Pilkington R., Macrae A. D. Aetiology and outcome of severe community-acquired pneumonia. J Infection 1985; 10: 204–210
  • Lim I., Shaw D. R., Stanley D., Lumb R., McLennan G. A prospective hospital study of the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia. Med J Aust 1989; 151: 87–91
  • Research Committee of the British Thoracic Society and the Public Health Laboratory Service. Community-acquired Pneumonia in adults in British hospitals in 1982–1983: a survey of aetiology, mortality, prognostic factors outcome. Q J Med 62 1987; 239: 195–200
  • Berntsson E., Blomberg J., Lagergard T., Trollfors B. Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in patients requiring hospitalization. Eur J Clin Microbiol 1985; 4: 268–272
  • Macfarlane J. T., Ward M. J., Finch R. G., Macrae A. D. Hospital study of adult community-acquired pneumonia. Lancet 1982; 31: 255–253
  • Örtqvist A., Hedlund J., Grillner J., Jalonen E., Kallings I., Leinonem M., Kalin M. Aetiology, outcome and prognostic factors in community-acquired pneumonia requiring hosptialization. Eur Resp J 1990; 3: 1105–1113
  • Holmberg H. Aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in hospital treated patients. Scand J Infect Dis 1987; 19: 491–501
  • Helms C. M., Viner J. P., Sturm R. H., Reneer E. D., Johnson W. Comparative features of pneumococcal, mycoplasmal, and Legionnaires' disease pneumonias. Ann Intern Med 1979; 90: 543–547
  • Gajdos Ph, Vercken J. B., Charpak Y., Andremont A., Brun Buisson C., Carlet J., Raphaël J. C., Schlemmer B., Tenaillon A., Thaler F. Concordance study of empiric antibiotic therapy in patients with acute community acquired pneumonia admitted in intensive care units. Réan Soins Intens Méd Urg 1988; 4: 67–72
  • Macfarlane J. T., Miller A. C., Roderick Smith W. H., Morris A. H., Rose D. H. Comparative radiographic features of community acquired legionnaires' disease, pneumococcal pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, and psittacosis. Thorax 1984; 39: 28–33
  • Tew J., Calenoff, Berlin B. S. Bacterial or nonbacterial pneumonia: accuracy of radiographic diagnosis. Radiology 1977; 124: 607–612
  • Woodhead M. A., Macfarlane J. T. Comparative clinical and laboratory features of Legionella with pneumococcal and mycoplasma pneumonias. Br J Dis Chest 1987; 81: 133–139
  • Torres A., Serra-Batlles J., Ferrer A., Jimenez P., Celis R., Cobo E., Rodriguez-Roisin R. Severe community-acquired pneumonia epidemiology and prognostic factors. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144: 312–318
  • Le Gall J. R., Loirat Ph, Alperovitch A. Simplified acute physiological score for intensive care patients. Lancet 1983; 2: 741
  • Matthew A. B., Holstrom F. MG, Kaspar R. L. A simple method for diagnosing pneumonia in intubated or tracheostomized patients. Crit Care Med 1977; 5: 76–81
  • Wimberley N., Faling L. J., Bartlett J. G. A fiberoptic bronchoscopy technique to obtain uncontaminated lower airway secretions for bacterial culture. Am Rev Respir Dis 1979; 119: 337–343
  • Wimberley N. W., Bass J. B., Boyd B. W., Kirkpatrick M. B., Serio R. A., Pollock H. M. Use of a bronchoscopic protected catheter brush for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections. Chest 1982; 81: 556–561
  • Örtqvist A. Prognosis in community-acquired pneumonia requiring treatment in hospital. Importance of predisposing and complicating factors and of diagnostic procedures. Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 1990; 65
  • Pachon J., Prados M. D., Capote F., Cuello J. A., Garnacho J., Verano A. Severe community-acquired pneumonia. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990; 142: 369–373
  • Farr B. M., Kaiser D. L., Harrison B. DW, Conolly C. K. Prediction of microbial etiology at admission to hospital for pneumonia from the presenting clinical features. Thorax 1989; 44: 1031–1035
  • Tobin M. J. Diagnosis of pneumonia: techniques and problems. Clin Chest Med 1987; 8: 513–527
  • Bartlett R. C. Diagnosis of bacterial infections of the lung. Clin Chest Med 1987; 8: 119–134
  • Bartlett R. C., Melmick A. Usefulness of Gram stain and routine and quantitative culture of sputum in patients with and without acute respiratory infection. Conn Med 1970; 34: 347–351
  • Rein M. F., Gwaltney J. M., O'Brien W., Jennings R. H., Mandell G. L. Accuracy of Gram's strain in identifying pneumococci in sputum. JAMA 1978; 239: 2671–2673
  • Bartlett J. G. Diagnostic accuracy of transtracheal aspiration bacteriologic studies. Am Rev Respir Dis 1977; 115: 777–782
  • Fang G. D., Fine M., Orloff J., Arisumi D., Yu V. L., Kapoor W., Grayston J. T., Wang S. P., Kohler R., Muder R. R. New and emerging etiologies for community-acquired pneumonia with implications for therapy. Medicine 1990; 69: 307–316
  • Petit J. Y., Philit F., Thomas X., Gaussorgues P. H., Blanchin M., Gérard M., Robert D. Pronostic des insuffisances respiratoires aiguës d'origine pneumococcique nécessitant la ventilation mécanique. Press Méd 1990; 19: 362–366
  • Farr B. M., Sloman A. J., Fisch M. J. Predicting death in patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 1991; 115: 428–436
  • Austrian R., Gold J. Pneumococcal bacteremia with special reference to bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 1964; 60: 759–776
  • Mufson M. A., Kruss D. M., Wasil R. E., Metzger W. I. Capsular types and outcome of bacteremic pneumococcal disease in the antibiotic era. Arch Intern Med 1974; 134: 505–510
  • Örtqvist A., Kalin M., Julander I., Mufson M. A. Deaths in bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. A comparison of two populations — Huntington, WVa, and Stockholm, Sweden. Chest 1993; 103: 710–716
  • Geslin P., Fremaux A., Sissia G. Evolution de la résistance des pneumocoques responsables des infections des voies respiratoires en France. Méd Mal Infect 1992; 22S: 74–86

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.