7
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

The Impact of Exposure Group on the Progression Rate to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: A Comparison Between Intravenous Drug Users, Homosexual Men and Heterosexually Infected Subjects

, , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 103-109 | Received 28 Jun 1996, Accepted 18 Jan 1997, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Carre N, Deveau C, Belanger F, Boufassa F, Persoz A, Jadand C, Rouzioux C, Delfraissy J F, Bucquet D. Effect of age and exposure group on the onset of AIDS in heterosexual and homosexual HIV-infected patients. AIDS 1994; 8: 797–802
  • Mariotto A B, Mariotti S, Pezzotti P, Rezza G, Verdecchia A. Estimation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome incubation period in intravenous drug users: A comparison with male homosexuals. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 135: 428–437
  • Biggar R J. and the International Registry of Seroconverters. AIDS incubation in 1891 HIV seroconverters from different exposure groups. AIDS 1990; 4: 1059–1066
  • Galai N, Vlahov D, Margolick J B, Chen K, Graham N M, Munoz A. Changes in markers of disease progression in HIV-1 seroconverters: A comparison between cohorts of injecting drug users and homosexual men. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr 1995; 8: 66–74
  • Spijkerman I J, Koot M, Prins M, Keet I P, van-den-Hoek A J, Miedema F, Coutinho R A. Lower prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 syncytium-inducing phenotype among injecting drug users compared with homosexual men. AIDS 1995; 9: 1085–1092
  • Centers for Disease Control. Revision of the CDC surveillance case definition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MMWR 36 Suppl 1987; 1: 3–15
  • Centers for Disease Control. Classification system for human T-iymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy associated virus infections. MMWR 1986; 35: 334–339
  • Dobloug J H, Bruun J N, Skaug K. The early introduction of HIV infection among Norwegians at highest risk. Scand J Infect Dis 1990; 22: 753–754
  • Directorate of Health, Norway. Notification of HTLV III/ 1LAV infections (in Norwegian). Directorate of Health. Oslo 1986
  • Nilsen Ø, Hasseltvedt V, Lystad A. Number of HIV and AIDS cases in Norway (in Norwegian). Notification system for infectious diseases in Norway (MSIS-rapport), National Institute of Public Health. Oslo 1995; 23(23)
  • Kaplan E L, Meier P. Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations. J Am Statist Assoc 1958; 53: 457–481
  • Cox D R, Oaks D. Analysis of Survival Data. Chapman and Hall, New York 1984
  • SPSS Base System Reference Guide, Release 6.1. SPSS Inc. 1994
  • Margolick J B, Munoz A, Vlahov D, Solomon L, Astemborski J, Cohn S, Nelson K E. Changes in T-lymphocyte subsets in intravenous drug users with HIV-1 infection. JAMA 1992; 267: 1631–1636
  • Mientjes G HC, van Ameijden E JC, van den Hoek A JAR, Goudsmit J, Miedema F, Coutinho R A. Progression of HIV infection among injecting drug users: indications for a lower rate of progression among those who have frequently borrowed injecting equipment. AIDS 1993; 7: 1363–1370
  • Eskild A, Magnus P, Sohlberg C, Kittelsen P, Olving J, Teige K, Skullerud K. Slow progression to AIDS among intravenous drug users infected with HIV in Norway. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1994; 48: 383–387
  • Vella S, Giuliano M, Flordia M, Chiesi A, Tomino C, Seeber A, Barcherini S, Bucciardini R, Mariotti S. Effect of sex, age and transmission category on the progression to AIDS and survival of zidovudine-treated symptomatic patients. AIDS 1995; 9: 51–56
  • Coates R A, Farewell V T, Raboud J, Read S E, MacFadden D K, Calzavara L M, Johnson J K, Shepherd F A, Fanning M M. Cofactors of progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a cohort of male sexual contacts of men with human immunodeficiency virus disease. Am J Epidemiol 1990; 132: 717–722
  • Brookmeyer R, Gail M H, Polk B. The prevalent cohort study and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Epideniol 1987; 126: 14–24
  • Magnus P, Samuelsen S O, Eskild A, Stigum H. HIV testing in the Norwegian population and the association with sexual behaviour (in Norwegian). J Nor Med Assoc 1994; 114: 3064–3067
  • Alcabes P, Munoz A, Vlahov D, Friedland G H. Incubation period of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Epidemiol Rev 1993; 15: 303–318
  • Eskild A, Magnus P, Samuelsen S O, Sohlberg C, Kittelsen K. Differences in mortality rates and causes of death between HIV-positive and HIV-negative intravenous drug users. Int J Epidemiol 1993; 22: 315–20
  • Webster A, Lee C A, Cook-DG Grundy-JE, Emery V C, Kernoff P B, Griffiths P D. Cytomegalovirus infection and progression towards AIDS in haemophiliacs infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Lancet 1989; 2: 63–66
  • Eskild A, Magnus P, Petersen G, Sohlberg C, Jensen F, Kittelsen P, Skaug K. Hepatitis B antibodies in HIV-infected homosexual men are associated with more rapid progression to AIDS. AIDS 1992; 6: 571–574
  • Phair J, Jacobson L, Detels R, Rinaldo C, Saah A, Schrager L, Munoz A. Aquired immunodeficiency syndrome occuring within 5 years of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1: The multicenter AIDS cohort study. J Aquir Immun Defic Syndr 1992; 5: 490–496
  • Flateby G, Eskild A, Brekke T, Moi H. Steady sexual relation ship with a HIV-positive partner and the progression rate to AIDS. AIDS 1996; 10: 1749–1751
  • Rojas J M, Dopazo J, Najera I, Sanchez-Palomino S, Olivares I, Martin M J, Bernal A, Garcia-Saiz A, Najera R, Lopez-Galindez C. Molecular epidemiology of HIV in Madrid. Virus Res 1994; 31: 331–342
  • Kuicken C L, Zwart G, Baan E, Coutinho R A, van den Hoek A R, Goudsmit J. Increasing antigenic diversity of the V3 variable domain of the Human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein in the course of the AIDS epidemic. Proc Natn Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 9061–9065
  • Engelstad M. Genetic diversity of env V3 loop sequences in HIV type-1 infected homosexuals, heterosexuals, intravenous drug users and hemophilia patients in Norway: high prevalence of subtype B and detection of subtype C. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 1996; 12: 1733–1738

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.