116
Views
10
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Nephrology

Discrepancies between creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations: Implications for identification of chronic kidney disease in the general population

, , , , &
Pages 242-250 | Received 16 Oct 2009, Accepted 11 Feb 2010, Published online: 05 Apr 2010

References

  • Coresh J, Selvin E, Stevens LA, Manzi J, Kusek JW, Eggers P, Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA 2007;298:2038–47.
  • Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1296–305.
  • Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976;16:31–41.
  • Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:461–70.
  • Hsu CY, Chertow GM, Curhan GC. Methodological issues in studying the epidemiology of mild to moderate chronic renal insufficiency. Kidney Int 2002;61:1567–76.
  • Delanaye P, Cavalier E, Krzesinski JM, Chapelle JP. Why the MDRD equation should not be used in patients with normal renal function (and normal creatinine values)? Clin Nephrol 2006;66:147–8.
  • Larsson A, Malm J, Grubb A, Hansson LO. Calculation of glomerular filtration rate expressed in mL/min from plasma cystatin C values in mg/L. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2004;64:25–30.
  • Grubb A, Nyman U, Bjork J, Lindstrom V, Rippe B, Sterner G, Simple cystatin C-based prediction equations for glomerular filtration rate compared with the modification of diet in renal disease prediction equation for adults and the Schwartz and the Counahan–Barratt prediction equations for children. Clin Chem 2005;51:1420–31.
  • Abrahamson M, Olafsson I, Palsdottir A, Ulvsback M, Lundwall A, Jensson O, Structure and expression of the human cystatin C gene. Biochem J 1990;268:287–94.
  • Galteau MM, Guyon M, Gueguen R, Siest G. Determination of serum cystatin C: biological variation and reference values. Clin Chem Lab Med 2001;39:850–7.
  • Macdonald J, Marcora S, Jibani M, Roberts G, Kumwenda M, Glover R, GFR estimation using cystatin C is not independent of body composition. Am J Kidney Dis 2006;48:712–9.
  • Ichihara K, Saito K, Itoh Y. Sources of variation and reference intervals for serum cystatin C in a healthy Japanese adult population. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:1232–6.
  • Tenstad O, Roald AB, Grubb A, Aukland K. Renal handling of radiolabelled human cystatin C in the rat. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1996;56:409–14.
  • Levey AS, Eckardt KU, Tsukamoto Y, Levin A, Coresh J, Rossert J, Definition and classification of chronic kidney disease: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int 2005;67:2089–100.
  • Delanaye P, Cavalier E, Saint-Remy A, Lutteri L, Krzesinski JM. Discrepancies between creatinine-based and cystatin C-based equations in estimating prevalence of stage 3 chronic kidney disease in an elderly population. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2009;69:344–9.
  • Vupputuri S, Fox CS, Coresh J, Woodward M, Muntner P. Differential estimation of CKD using creatinine- versus cystatin C-based estimating equations by category of body mass index. Am J Kidney Dis 2009;53:993–1001.
  • Tidman M, Sjostrom P, Jones I. A Comparison of GFR estimating formulae based upon s-cystatin C and s-creatinine and a combination of the two. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008;23:154–60.
  • Hojs R, Bevc S, Ekart R, Gorenjak M, Puklavec L. Serum cystatin C-based equation compared to serum creatinine-based equations for estimation of glomerular filtration rate in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Nephrol 2008;70:10–7.
  • Kyhse-Andersen J, Schmidt C, Nordin G, Andersson B, Nilsson-Ehle P, Lindstrom V, Serum cystatin C, determined by a rapid, automated particle-enhanced turbidimetric method, is a better marker than serum creatinine for glomerular filtration rate. Clin Chem 1994;40:1921–6.
  • Levey AS, Coresh J, Greene T, Stevens LA, Zhang YL, Hendriksen S, Using standardized serum creatinine values in the modification of diet in renal disease study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 2006;145:247–54.
  • K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis 2002;39:S1–266.
  • Dubois D, Dubois DF. A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known. Arch Intern Med 1916;17:863–71.
  • Cohen J, Cohen P, West S, Aiken L. Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003.
  • Grubb A, Simonsen O, Sturfelt G, Truedsson L, Thysell H. Serum concentration of cystatin C, factor D and beta 2-microglobulin as a measure of glomerular filtration rate. Acta Med Scand 1985;218:499–503.
  • Hoek FJ, Kemperman FA, Krediet RT. A comparison between cystatin C, plasma creatinine and the Cockcroft and Gault formula for the estimation of glomerular filtration rate. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003;18:2024–31.
  • Garcia-Naveiro R, Rodriguez-Carmona A, Perez-Fontan M. Agreement between two routine methods of estimation of glomerular filtration rate in patients with advanced and terminal chronic renal failure. Clin Nephrol 2005;64:271–80.
  • Grubb A, Bjork J, Lindstrom V, Sterner G, Bondesson P, Nyman U. A cystatin C-based formula without anthropometric variables estimates glomerular filtration rate better than creatinine clearance using the Cockcroft–Gault formula. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2005;65:153–62.
  • Macisaac RJ, Tsalamandris C, Thomas MC, Premaratne E, Panagiotopoulos S, Smith TJ, Estimating glomerular filtration rate in diabetes: a comparison of cystatin-C- and creatinine-based methods. Diabetologia 2006;49:1686–9.
  • Rule AD, Jacobsen SJ, Schwartz GL, Mosley TH, Scott CG, Kardia SL, A comparison of serum creatinine-based methods for identifying chronic kidney disease in hypertensive individuals and their siblings. Am J Hypertens 2006;19:608–14.
  • Beauvieux MC, Le Moigne F, Lasseur C, Raffaitin C, Perlemoine C, Barthe N, New predictive equations improve monitoring of kidney function in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30:1988–94.
  • Stevens LA, Coresh J, Schmid CH, Feldman HI, Froissart M, Kusek J, Estimating GFR using serum cystatin C alone and in combination with serum creatinine: a pooled analysis of 3,418 individuals with CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2008;51:395–406.
  • Bjarnadottir M, Grubb A, Olafsson I. Promoter-mediated, dexamethasone-induced increase in cystatin C production by HeLa cells. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1995;55:617–23.
  • Risch L, Herklotz R, Blumberg A, Huber AR. Effects of glucocorticoid immunosuppression on serum cystatin C concentrations in renal transplant patients. Clin Chem 2001;47:2055–9.
  • Wiesli P, Schwegler B, Spinas GA, Schmid C. Serum cystatin C is sensitive to small changes in thyroid function. Clin Chim Acta 2003;338:87–90.
  • Fricker M, Wiesli P, Brandle M, Schwegler B, Schmid C. Impact of thyroid dysfunction on serum cystatin C. Kidney Int 2003;63:1944–7.
  • Bokenkamp A, Domanetzki M, Zinck R, Schumann G, Brodehl J. Reference values for cystatin C serum concentrations in children. Pediatr Nephrol 1998;12:125–9.
  • Randers E, Krue S, Erlandsen EJ, Danielsen H, Hansen LG. Reference interval for serum cystatin C in children. Clin Chem 1999;45:1856–8.
  • Fischbach M, Graff V, Terzic J, Bergere V, Oudet M, Hamel G. Impact of age on reference values for serum concentration of cystatin C in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2002;17:104–6.
  • Norlund L, Fex G, Lanke J, Von Schenck H, Nilsson JE, Leksell H, Reference intervals for the glomerular filtration rate and cell-proliferation markers: serum cystatin C and serum beta 2-microglobulin/cystatin C-ratio. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1997;57:463–70.
  • Filler G, Bokenkamp A, Hofmann W, Le Bricon T, Martinez-Bru C, Grubb A. Cystatin C as a marker of GFR – history, indications, and future research. Clin Biochem 2005;38:1–8.
  • Menon V, Shlipak MG, Wang X, Coresh J, Greene T, Stevens L, Cystatin C as a risk factor for outcomes in chronic kidney disease. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:19–27.
  • Ix JH, Shlipak MG, Chertow GM, Whooley MA. Association of cystatin C with mortality, cardiovascular events, and incident heart failure among persons with coronary heart disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Circulation 2007;115:173–9.
  • Shlipak MG, Sarnak MJ, Katz R, Fried LF, Seliger SL, Newman AB, Cystatin C and the risk of death and cardiovascular events among elderly persons. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2049–60.
  • Sjostrom P, Tidman M, Jones I. Determination of the production rate and non-renal clearance of cystatin C and estimation of the glomerular filtration rate from the serum concentration of cystatin C in humans. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2005;65:111–24.
  • Flodin M, Jonsson AS, Hansson LO, Danielsson LA, Larsson A. Evaluation of Gentian cystatin C reagent on Abbott Ci8200 and calculation of glomerular filtration rate expressed in mL/min/1.73 m2 from the cystatin C values in mg/L. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2007;67:560–7.
  • Flodin M, Hansson LO, Larsson A. Variations in assay protocol for the Dako cystatin C method may change patient results by 50% without changing the results for controls. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1481–5.
  • Blirup-Jensen S, Grubb A, Lindstrom V, Schmidt C, Althaus H. Standardization of Cystatin C: development of primary and secondary reference preparations. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 2008;241:67–70.
  • Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, Castro AF III, Feldman HI, A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med 2009;150:604–12.
  • Nyman U, Grubb A, Sterner G, Bjork J. Different equations to combine creatinine and cystatin C to predict GFR. Arithmetic mean of existing equations performs as well as complex combinations. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2009;69:619–27.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.