REFERENCES
- Burke, J. A. 1976. Scanning electron microscopy of the urinary tract. Clin Nephrol 6, 329.
- Clark, M. A. & O'Connell, K. J. 1973. Scanning electron microscopic studies of normal and pathologic human genitourinary tract organs. A preliminary report. Proceedings of the Workshop on Scanning Electron Microscopy in Pathology, pp. 582–588. IIT Research Institute, Chicago, US.
- Cox, E. C. 1966. The urethra and its relationship to urinary tract infection: The flora of the normal female urethra. Southern Med 59, 621.
- Cox, E. C., Lacy, S. S. & Hinman, F., Jr. 1968. The urethra and its relationship to urinary tract infection. II. The urethral flora of the female with recurrent urinary infection. J Urol 99, 632.
- Davies, C. P., Balish, E., Mitzutani, K. & Uehling, D. T. 1977. Bladder response to Klebsiella infection. A scanning electron microscopy study. Invest Urol 15, 227.
- Dawson, R. M. C., Elliot, D. C., Elliot, W. H. & Jones, K. M. 1969. Data for hiochemical research, 2nd ed. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
- Fowler, J. E. & Stamey, T. A. 1978. Studies on introital colonization in women with recurrent urinary infections. X. Adhesive properties of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis: lack of correlation with urinary pathogenicity. J Urol 120, 315.
- Gibbons, R. J. & van Houte, F. 1975. Bacterial adherence in oral microbial ecology. Ann Rew Microbiol 29, 19.
- Hicks, R. M. 1975. The mammalian urinary bladder. An accommodating organ. Biol Rew 50, 215.
- Hinman, F., Jr. 1966. Mechanisms for the enterobacteria and the establishment of urinary infection in female children. J Urol 96, 546.
- Jones, G. W. & Rutter, J. M. 1972. Role of K88 antigen in the pathogenesis of neonatal diarrhoeae caused by Escherichia coli in piglets. Inf Immun 6, 918.
- Kjaergaard, J., Starklint, H., Bierring, F. & Thybo, E. 1977. Surface topography of the healthy and diseased transitional cell epithelium of the human urinary bladder. Urol Int 32, 34.
- Lloyd-Davies, R. W., Hayes, P. L., & Hinman, F., Jr. 1971a. Urothelial microcontour. I. Scanning electron microscopy of normal resting and stretched urethra and bladder. J Urol 105, 236.
- Lloyd-Davies, R. W., Hayes, P. L. & Hinman, F., Jr. 1971b. Urothelial microcontour. III. Mucosal alteration by infection. J Urol 106, 81.
- Lloyd-Davies, R. W. & Hinman, F., Jr. 1971. Urothelial microcontour displayed by scanning electron microscopy. Br J Urol 43, 665.
- Lloyd-Davies, R. W., Lee, J. C. & Hinman, F., Jr. 1971. Urothelial microcontour. II. Intracellular crypts and secretory substances. J Urol 106, 75.
- Lowell Parsons, C., Strom, S. H., Hanno, P. M. & Mulholland, S. G. 1978. Bladder surface mucin. Examination of possible mechanisms for its antibacterial effect. Invest Urol 16, 196.
- Meares, E. M. & Stamey, T. A. 1968. Bacteriologic localisation patterns in bacterial prostatitis and urethritis. Invest Urol 5, 492.
- Mooney, J. K., Mooney, J. S. & Hinman, F., Jr. 1976. The antibacterial effect of the bladder surface: an electron microscopic study. J Urol 115, 381.
- Mårdh, P.-A., Colleen, S. & Hovelius, B. 1979. Attachment of bacteria to exfoliated cells from the urogenital tract. Invest Urol 15, 367.
- Nelson, C.-E., Croft, W. A. & Nilsson, T. 1978. Characterization of different regions of the normal human urinary bladder by means of scanning electron microscope. Scand J Urol Nephrol 13, 23.
- Pfau, A. & Sacks, T. 1977. The bacterial flora of the vaginal vestibule, urethra and vagina in the normal premenopausal women. J Urol 118, 292.
- Silverblatt, F. 1974. Hosed parasite interaction in the rat renal pelvis. A possible role for pili in the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis. J Expr Med 140, 1696.
- Stamey, T. A., Timothy, M., Miller, M. & Mihara, G. 1971. Recurrent urinary infections in adult women. The role of introital enterobacteria. Calif Med J 115, 1.
- Stamey, T. A. 1972. Urinary Infections. The William & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.
- Svanborg-Edén, C., Eriksson, B. & Hansson, L. Å. 1977. Adhesion of Escherichia coli to human urothelial cells in vitro. Inf Immun 18, 767.
- Svanborg-Edén, C. 1978. Attachment of Escherichia coli to human urinary tract epithelial cells: an in vitro test system applied in the study of urinary tract infections. Scand J Inf Dis, Suppl. 15.
- Uehling, D. T., Mizutani, K. & Balish, E. 1978. Effect of immunization on bacterial adherence to urothelium. Invest Urol 16. 145.
- Walter, H., Miller, A., Krob, E. J. & Asher, G. S. 1971. Alterations in membrane surface properties of reticulocytes during maturation as determined by partition in two-polymer aquous phase system. Expr Cell Res 69, 416.