References
- Allan W R, Kumar A. Prophylactic mezlocillin for transurethral prostatectomy. Br J Urol 1985; 57: 46–49
- Arabi Y, Hamilton J, Keighley M RB. Factors influencing the cost of elective colorectal operations. Ann R Coll Surg Edinburgh 1980; 25: 279–285
- Berger S A, Nagar H. Antimicrobial prophylaxis in urology. J Urol 1978; 120: 319–322
- Bryan C S, Reynolds K L. Hospital-acquired bacteremic urinary tract infection: epidemiology and outcome. J Urol 1984; 132: 494–498
- Cafferkey M T, Falkiner F R, Gillespie W A, Murphy D M. Antibiotics for the prevention of septicemia in urology. J Antimicrob Chem 1982; 9: 471–477
- Charton M, Vallencien G, Veillon B, Brisset J M. Antibiotic prophylaxis of urinary tract infection after transurethral resection of the prostate: a randomized study. J Urol 1987; 138: 87–89
- Childs S J. Perioperative prevention of infection in genitourinary surgery. Antibiot Chemother 1985; 33: 1–29
- Chodak G W, Plaut M E. Systemic antibiotics for prophylaxis in urologic surgery: a critical reveiw. J Urol 1979; 121: 695–699
- Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Academic Press, New York 1977
- Conn I G, Moffat L EF. Short-term cephradine prophylaxis in elective transurethral prostatectomy. J Hosp Infect 1988; 11: 373–375
- Desai K M, Abrams P H, White L O. A double-blind comparative trial of short-term orally administered enoxacin in the prevention of urinary infection after elective transurethral prostatectomy: a clinical and pharmacokinetic study. J Urol 1988; 139: 1232–1234
- Dontas A S, Kasviki-Charvati P, Papanayiotou P C, Marketos S G. Bacteriuria and survival in old age. N Engl J Med 1981; 304: 939–943
- Ferrie B G, Scott R. Prophylactic cefuroxime in transurethral resection. Urol Res 1984; 12: 279–281
- Fowler J E, Jr. Nosocomial catheter-associated urinary tract infection. Infect Surg 1983; 2: 43–53
- Genster H G, Madsen P O. Urinary tract infections following transurethral prostatectomy with special reference to the use of antimicrobials. J Urol 1970; 104: 163–168
- Gibbons R P, Stark R A, Correa R J, Jr., Cummings K B, Mason J T. The prophylactic use—or misuse—of antibiotics in transurethral prostatectomy. J Urol 1978; 119: 381–383
- Glynn R J, Campion E W, Bouchard G R, Silbert J E. The deveopment of benign prostatic hyperplasia among volunteers in the normative aging study. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 121: 78–90
- Grabe M. Antimicrobial agents in transurethral prostatic resection. J Urol 1987; 138: 245–252
- Grabe M, Forsgren A, Hellsten S. The effects of a short antibiotic course in transurethral prostatic resection. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1984; 18: 37–42
- Grabe M, Hellsten S. Long-term follow-up after transurethral prostatic resection with or without a short perioperative antibiotic course. Br J Urol 1985; 57: 444–449
- Haley R W, Culver D H, White J W, Morgan W M, Emori T G. The nationwide nosocomial infection rate: A new need for vital statistics. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 121: 159–167
- Haley R W, Schaberg D R, Crossley K B, Von Allmen S D, McGowan J E, Jr. Extra charges and prolongation of stay attributable to nosocomial infections. A prospective inter-hospital comparison. Am J Med 1981; 70: 51–58
- Hansen M, Genster H G, Thordsen C. Urinary tract infections in connection with transurethral resection of the prostate. Scand J Urol Nephrol (Suppl) 1987; 104: 65–68
- Hargreave T B, Gould J C, Kinninmonth A WG, Jeffrey R R, Varma J S, MacIntyre C CA, Elton R A, Chisholm G D. A randomized trial of 48 hours of prophylactic cefotaxime versus single dose in transurethral prostatic surgery. J Antimicrob Chemother 1984; 14(Suppl B)263–269
- Hargreave T B, Hindmarsh J R, Elton R, Chisholm G D, Gould J C. Short-term prophylaxis with cefotaxime for prostatic surgery. Br Med J 1982; 284: 1008–1010
- Holtgrewe H L, Mebust W K, Dowd J B, Cockett A TK, Peters P C, Proctor C. Transurethral prostatectomy: practice aspects of the dominant operation in American urology. J Urol 1989; 141: 248–253
- Kass E H. Asymptomatic infections in the urinary tract. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 1956; 69: 56–64
- Kass E H. Chemotherapeutic and antibiotic drugs in the management of infections of the urinary tract. Am J Med 1955; 18: 764–781
- Larsen E H, Gasser T C, Madsen P O. Antimicrobial prophylaxis in urologic surgery. Urol Clin N Am 1986; 13: 591–603
- Lytton B, Emery J M, Harvard B M. The incidence of benign prostatic obstruction. J Urol 1968; 99: 639–645
- Madsen P O, Graversen P H. Antimicrobial prophylaxis in transurethral surgery. Infection 1986; 14: 201–202
- McEntee G P, McPhail S, Mulvin D, Thomson R W. Single dose antibiotic prophylaxis in high risk patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy. Br J Surg 1987; 74: 192–194
- Mebust W K, Holtgrewe H L, Cockett A TK, Peters P C, Writing Committee. Transurethral prostatectomy: immediate and postoperative complications. A cooperative study of 13 participating institutions evaluating 3885 patients. J Urol 1989; 141: 243–247
- Murphy D M, Falkiner F R, Carr M, Cafferkey M T, Gillespie W A. Septicemia after transurethral prostatectomy. Urology 1983; 22: 133–135
- Nielsen O S, Maigaard S, Frimodt-Møller N, Madsen P O. Prophylactic antibiotics in transurethral prostatectomy. J Urol 1981; 126: 60–62
- Nielsen P B, Laursen H, Hansen R I, Jørgensen P M, Wilken-Jensen C. Effective perioperative prophylaxis with a single dose of cefotaxime. Clin Ther 1987; 9: 167–173
- Platt R, Polk B F, Murdock B, Rosner B. Mortality associated with urinary tract infection. N Engl J Med 1982; 307: 637–642
- Prokocimer P, Quazza M, Gibert C, Lemoine J E, Joly M L, Dureuil B, Moulonguet A, Manuel C, Desmonts J M. Short-term prophylactic antibiotics in patients undergoing prostatectomy: report of a double-blind randomized trial with 2 intravenous doses of cefotaxime. J Urol 1986; 135: 60–64
- Qvist N, Christiansen H M, Ehlers D. Prophylactic antibiotics in transurethral prostatectomy. Urol Res 1984; 12: 275–277
- Rutledge K A, McDonald H P, Jr. Cost of treating simple nosocomial urinary tract infection. Urology (Suppl) 1985; 26: 24–26
- Shapiro J, Hoffmann J, Jersky J. A comparison of suprapubic and transurethral drainage for postoperative urinary retention in general surgical patients. Acta Chir Scand 1982; 148: 323–327
- Shapiro M, Townsend T R, Rosner B, Kass E H. Use of antimicrobial drugs in general hospitals. N Engl J Med 1979; 361: 351–355
- Shearman C P, Silverman S H, Johnson M, Young C H, Farrar D J, Keighley M RB, Burdon D W. Single dose, oral antibiotic cover for transurethral prostatectomy. Br J Urol 1988; 62: 434–438
- Sournader L B, Kasanen A. A 5-year follow-up of bacteriuria in the aged. Gerontol Clin 1972; 14: 274–279
- Stamm W E. Protocol for diagnosis of urinary tract infection: reconsidering the criterion for significant bacteriuria. Urology (Suppl) 1988; 23: 6–10
- Stricker P D, Grant A BF. Relative value of antibiotics and catheter care in the prevention of urinary tract infection after transurethral prostatic resection. Br J Urol 1988; 61: 494–497
- Sullivan N M, Sutter V L, Mims M M, Marsh V H, Finegold S M. Clinical aspects of bacteremia after manipulation of the genitourinary tract. J Infect Dis 1973; 127: 49–55
- Turck M, Goffe B, Petersdorf R G. The urethral catheter and urinary tract infection. J Urol 1962; 88: 834–837
- Walsh P C. Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Ethiological considerations. New approaches to the study of benign prostatic hyperplasia, F A Kimball, A E Buhl, D B Carter. Alan R Liss, Inc., New York 1979; 1–25
- Wilson N IL, Lewi H JE. Survey of antibiotic prophylaxis in British urological practice. Br J Urol 1985; 57: 478–482