The Management of Urinary Catheters: Compliance of Practice in Danish Hospitals, Nursing Homes and Home Care to National Guidelines

REFERENCES

• Anonymous. Underused: intermittent self-catheterization. Drug Ther Bull 1991; 29: 37–39.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bakke A, Digranes A. Bacteriuria in patients treated with clean intermittent catheterization. Scand J Infect Dis 1991; 23: 577–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjork DT, Pelletier LL, Tight RR. Urinary tract infections with antibiotic resistant organisms in catheterized nursing home patients. Infect Control 1984; 5: 173–176.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bradley C, Babb J, Davies J, Ayliffe GAJ. Taking precautions. Nursing Times 5th March, 1986; 70–73.
   Google Scholar
• Clayton CL, Chawla JC, Stickler DJ. Some observations on urinary tract infections in patients undergoing long-term bladder catheterization. J Hosp Infect 1982; 3: 39–47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crowe RA, Chapman RG, Roe BH, Wilson JA. A study of patients with an indwelling urethral catheter and related nursing practice. 1986 Nursing Practice Research Unit, University of Surrey, Guildford.
   Google Scholar
• Davies AJ, Desai HN, Turton S, Dyas A. Does instillation of chlorhexidine into the bladder of catheterized geriatric patients help reduce bacteriuria? J Hosp Infect 1987; 9: 72–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliot TSJ, Reid L, Roa GG, Rigby RC, Woodhouse K. Bladder irrigation or irritation? Br J Urol 1989; 64: 391–394.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• El-Masri WS, Fellows G. Bladder cancer after spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1981; 19: 265–270.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farber BF, Brennen C, Puntereri AJ, Brody JP. A prospective study of nosocomial infections in a chronic care facility. J Am Geriatr Soc 1984; 32: 499–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganderton L, Chawla JC, Winters C, Wimpenny J, Stickler D. Scanning electron microscopy of bacterial biofilms on indwelling catheters. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1992; 11: 789–796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garibaldi RA, Brodine S, Matsumiya S. Infections among patients in nursing homes. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 731–735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garibaldi RA, Burke JP, Britt MR, Miller WA, Smith CB. Factors predisposing to bacteriuria during indwelling urethral catheterization. N Eng J Med 1974; 291: 215–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guttman L. Spinal cord injuries: Comprehensive Management and Research 1973, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Haley RW, Culver DH, White JW, Morgan WM, Emori TG. The nationwide nosocomial infection rate. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 121: 159–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartstein AI, Garber SB, Ward TT, Jones SR, Morthland VH. Nosocomial urinary tract infection: A prospective evaluation of 108 catheterized patients. Infect Control 1981; 2: 380–386.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jepsen OB, Larsen SO, Dankert J, Daschner F, Grönross P, Meers PD, Nyström B, Rotter M, Sander J. Urinary tract infection and bacteraemia in hospitalized medical patients—a European multicentre prevalence survey on nosocomial infection. J Hosp Infect 1982; 3: 241–252.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jepsen OB, Mortensen N. Prevalence of nosocomial infection and infection control in Denmark. J Hosp Infect 1980; 1: 237–244.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jewes LA, Gillespie WA, Leadbetter A, Myers B, Simpson RA, Stower MJ, Viant AC. Bacteriuria and bacteraemia in patients with long-term indwelling catheters—a domiciliary study. J Med Microbiol 1988; 26: 61–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy AP, Brocklehurst JC. Robinson JM, Faragher EB. Assessment of the use of bladder washouts/instillations in patients with long-term indwelling catheters. B J Urol 1992; 70: 610–615.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kunin CM, Douthitt S, Dancing J, Anderson J, Moeschberger M. The association between the use of urinary and morbidity and mortality among elderly patients in nursing homes. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 135: 291–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunin CM, McCormack RC. Prevention of catheter-induced urinary tract infections by sterile closed drainage. N Eng J Med 1966; 274: 1155–1161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapides J, Dionko AC, Gould FR, Lowe BS. Further observations on self-catheterization. J Urol 1976; 116: 169–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke JR, Hill DE, Walzer Y. Incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in patients with long-term catheter drainage. J Urol 1985; 133: 1034–1035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magaziner J, Tenney JH, DeForge MA, Hebel R, Muncie HL, Warren JW. Prevalence and characteristics of nursing home acquired infections in the aged. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991; 39: 1071–1078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meers PD, Ayliffe GAJ, Emmerson AM, Leigh DA, Mayon-White RT, Mackintosh CA, Stronge JL. National survey of infection in hospitals 1980. Part 2: Urinary tract infection. J Hosp Infect 1981: Suppl 2: 23–28.
   Google Scholar
• National Board of Health, Hospital Statistics: Development 1979–89. In: Report on the activity in Danish Hospitals, 2nd edn. Stoutgaard Jensen Copenhagen 1991; part II, 7–27.
   Google Scholar
• Nickel JC, Gristina AG, Costerton JW. Electron microscopic study of an infected Foley catheter. Canad J Surg 1985; 28: 50–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouslander JG, Greengold B, Chen S. Complications of chronic indwelling urinary catheters among male nursing home patients: a prospective study. J Urol 1987; 138: 1191–1195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platt R, Polk BF, Murdock B, Rosner B. Mortality associated with nosocomial urinary tract infection. N Eng J Med 1982; 307: 637–642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Platt R, Polk BF, Murdock B, Rosner B. Reduction of mortality associated with nosocomial urinary tract infection. Lancet 1983; I: 893–897.
   Google Scholar
• Roe BH. Use of bladder washouts: a study of nurses' recommendations. J Adv Nursing 1989; 14: 494–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanderson PJ, Rawal P. Contamination of the environment of spinal cord injured patients by organisms causing urinary tract infection. J Hosp Infect 1987; 10: 173–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slade N, Gillespie WA. The Urinary Tract and the Catheter. 1985 New York, Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Stamm WE. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention. Am J Med 1991; 91: (Suppl 3B): 65S–71S.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stickler DJ, Clayton CL, Chawla JC. Assessment of antiseptic bladder washout procedures using a physical model of the catheterized bladder. Br J Urol 1987; 60: 413–418.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tribe CR, Silver JR. Renal failure in paraplegia. London, Pitman Medical Publishing 1969.
   Google Scholar
• Warren JW, Damron D, Tenney JH, Hoopes JM, DeForge B, Muncie HL. Fever, bacteremia and death as complications of bacteriuria in women with long-term urethral catheters. J Infect Dis 1987; 155: 1151–1158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren JW, Muncie HL, Hall-Craggs M. Acute pyelonephritis associated with bacteriuria during long-term catheterization: a prospective clinicopathological study. J Infect Dis 1988; 158: 1341–1346.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren JW, Platt R, Thomas RJ, Rosner B, Kass EH. Antibiotic irrigation and catheter associated urinary tract infections. N Eng J Med 1978; 299: 570–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyndaele JJ, Maes, D. Clean Intermittent selfcatheterization: a 12-year follow-up. J Urol 1990; 143: 906–908.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen B. Anvendelse af marginalomkostningsbegrebet i sundhedsvaesenet. In: Andersen B, Knudsen MS. Produktivitets—og effektivitetsomkostninger. Omkostningsmodeller anvendt i praksis. DSI-rapport 9404, Copenhagen.
   Google Scholar
• Zimakoff J, Pontoppidan B, Larsen SO, Stickler DJ. Bladder management in Danish hospitals, nursing homes and home care. J Hosp Infect 1993; 24: 183–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burman LG, Fryklund B, Nyström B. Use of Indwelling urinary tract catheters in Swedish hospitals. Infection Control 1987; 8: 507–511.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brandberg A, Seeberg S, Bergström G, Nordqvist P. Reducing the number of nosocomial Gram-negative strains by using high adsorbing pads as an alternative to indwelling catheters in long-term care—a preliminary study. J Hosp Infect 1980; 1: 245–250.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guttman L, Frankel H. The value of intermittent catheterisation in the early management of traumatic paraplegia and tetraplegia. Paraplegia 1966; 4: 63–83.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nielsen KK, Klarskov P, Nordling J, Andersen JT, Holm HH. The intraprostatic spiral. New treatment for retention. Br J Urol 1990; 65: 500–503.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Slättebrekk OV. Hva koster pasienten?. En beregning av norske kostnadsvekter til DRG. Raport nr STF 81 A90001, Norsk Institutt for Sykehusforskning, Trondheim.
   Google Scholar
• McMurdo MET, Davey PG, Elder M, Miller RM, Old DC, Malek M. A. cost-effectiveness study of the management of intractable urinary incontinence by urinary catheterisation or incontinence pads. J Epidemiol Community Health 1992; 46: 222–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walter ES. Nosocomial urinary tract infections. In: Bennet JV, Brachmann PS. Hospital Infection. 3rd Ed. Little Brown Boston 1992: 597–610.
   Google Scholar
• Garibaldi RA. Hospital-acquired urinary tract infections. In: Wenzel RP. Prevention and Control of Nosocomial infections. 2nd Ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1993: 600–613.
   Google Scholar