Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) differentiation of native and PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH and PEG-rhGH) in the rat model of osteoarthritis

References

• Bendele AM. (2001). Animal models of osteoarthritis. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 1:363–376.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bendele AM. (2002). Animal models of osteoarthritis in an era of molecular biology. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2:501–503.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bidlingmaier MSC. 2009. Growth hormone. Handb Exp Pharmacol 195:187–200.
   Google Scholar
• Burnett BP, Levy R, Cole BJ. (2006). Metabolic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. A review. J Knee Surg 19:191–197.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burt HM, Tsallas A, Gilchrist S, Liang LS. (2009). Intra-articular drug delivery systems: overcoming the shortcomings of joint disease therapy. Exp Opin Drug Deliv 6:17–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter-Su C, Schwartz J, Smit LS. (1996). Molecular mechanism of growth hormone action. Annu Rev Physiol 58:187–207.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chard JA, Tallon D, Dieppe PA. (2000). Epidemiology of research into interventions for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint. Ann Rheum Dis 59:414–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox GN, Rosendahl MS, Chlipala EA, Smith DJ, Carlson SJ, Doherty DH. (2007). A long-acting, mono-PEGylated human growth hormone analog is a potent stimulator of weight gain and bone growth in hypophysectomized rats. Endocrinology 148:1590–1597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis MA. (1988). Epidemiology of osteoarthritis. Clin Geriatr Med 4:241–255.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drezner MK, Eisenbarth GS, Neelon FA, Lebovitz HE. (1975). Stimulation of cartilage amino acid uptake by growth hormone-dependent factors in serum. Mediation by adenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate. Biochim Biophys Acta 381:384–396.
   Google Scholar
• Dunn AR. (2002). Morphoangiogenesis: a unique action of growth hormone. Microvasc Res 63:295–303.
   Google Scholar
• Fishburn CS. (2008). The pharmacology of PEGylation: balancing PD with PK to generate novel therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 97:4167–4183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holl RW, Schwarz U, Schauwecker P, Benz R, Veldhuis JD, Heinze E. (1993). Diurnal variation in the elimination rate of human growth hormone (GH): the half-life of serum GH is prolonged in the evening, and affected by the source of the hormone, as well as by body size and serum estradiol. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77:216–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunziker EB, Rosenberg LC. (1996). Repair of partial-thickness defects in articular cartilage: cell recruitment from the synovial membrane. J Bone Joint Surg Am 78:721–733.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaksson OG, Nilsson A, Isgaard J, Lindahl A. (1990). Cartilage as a target tissue for growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 367:137–141.
   Google Scholar
• Izumi T, Shida J, Jingushi S, Hotokebuchi T, Sugioka Y. (1995). Administration of growth hormone modulates the gene expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in rat costal cartilage, both in vivo and in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol 112:95–99.
   Google Scholar
• Janusz MJ, Bendele AM, Brown KK, Taiwo YO, Hsieh L, Heitmeyer SA. (2002). Induction of osteoarthritis in the rat by surgical tear of the meniscus: inhibition of joint damage by a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. Osteoarthr Cartil 10:785–791.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lis K. (2008). [Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone (hGH) as the markers of osteoarthritis]. Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol 73:49–52.
   Google Scholar
• Madsen K, Friberg U, Roos P, Edén S, Isaksson O. (1983). Growth hormone stimulates the proliferation of cultured chondrocytes from rabbit ear and rat rib growth cartilage. Nature 304:545–547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maor G, Hochberg Z, Silbermann M. (1989). Growth hormone stimulates the growth of mouse neonatal condylar cartilage in vitro. Acta Endocrinol 120:526–532.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin JA, Buckwalter JA. (2001). Roles of articular cartilage aging and chondrocyte senescence in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Iowa Orthop J 21:1–7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin JA, Buckwalter JA. (2003). The role of chondrocyte senescence in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and in limiting cartilage repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85A(Suppl. 2):106–110.
   Google Scholar
• Müller-Hilke B. (2007). [Pathogenesis of osteoarthritis—a snapshot]. Z Rheumatol 66:703–705.
   Google Scholar
• Reinecke M, Schmid AC, Heyberger-Meyer B, Hunziker EB, Zapf J. (2000). Effect of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on the expression of IGF-I messenger ribonucleic acid and peptide in rat tibial growth plate and articular chondrocytes in vivo. Endocrinology 141:2847–2853.
   Google Scholar
• Slemenda CW. (1992). The epidemiology of osteoarthritis of the knee. Curr Opin Rheumatol 4:546–551.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spiliotis BE, Alexandrides TK, Karystianos C, Vassilakos P, Zadik Z, Nikolakopoulou NM, Nikiforidis G, Beratis NG. (2009). The insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) generation test as an indicator of growth hormone status. Hormones (Athens) 8:117–128.
   Google Scholar
• Takács-Buia L, Iordachel C, Efimov N, Caloianu M, Montreuil J, Bratosin D. (2008). Pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: chondrocyte replicative senescence or apoptosis? Cytometry B Clin Cytom 74:356–362.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tesche F, Miosge N. (2005). New aspects of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: the role of fibroblast-like chondrocytes in late stages of the disease. Histol Histopathol 20:329–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toutain PL. (2002). Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic integration in drug development and dosage-regimen optimization for veterinary medicine. AAPS PharmSci 4:E38.
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe H. (2004). [Cartilage proteoglycan aggregate: structure and function]. Clin Calcium 14:9–14.
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe H, Yamada Y, Kimata K. (1998). Roles of aggrecan, a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, in cartilage structure and function. J Biochem 124:687–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar