Gene expression profiling of cytochromes P450, ABC transporters and their principal transcription factors in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex of alcoholics, smokers and drug-free controls by qRT-PCR

References

• Altamirano J, Bataller R. (2011). Alcoholic liver disease: pathogenesis and new targets for therapy. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 8:491–501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barcelo-Coblijn G, Hogyes E, Kitajka K, et al. (2003). Modification by docosahexaenoic acid of age-induced alterations in gene expression and molecular composition of rat brain phospholipids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:11321–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhagwat SV, Boyd MR, Ravindranath V. (2000). Multiple forms of cytochrome P450 and associated monooxygenase activities in human brain mitochondria. Biochem Pharmacol 59:573–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth Depaz IM, Toselli F, Wilce PA, Gillam EM. (2013). Differential expression of human cytochrome P450 enzymes from the CYP3A subfamily in the brains of alcoholics and drug free controls. Drug Metab Dispos 41:1187–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth Depaz IM, Toselli F, Wilce PA, Gillam EM. (2015). Differential expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes from the CYP2C subfamily in the human brain. Drug Metab Dispos 43:353–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchthal J, Grund KE, Buchmann A, et al. (1995). Induction of cytochrome P4501A by smoking or omeprazole in comparison with UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in biopsies of human duodenal mucosa. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 47:431–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calderini G, Bonetti AC, Battistella A, et al. (1983). Biochemical changes of rat brain membranes with aging. Neurochem Res 8:483–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chi AC, Appleton K, Henriod JB, et al. (2009). Differential induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 by benzo[a]pyrene in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and by tobacco smoking in oral mucosa. Oral Oncol 45:980–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chinetti G, Lestavel S, Bocher V, et al. (2001). PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma activators induce cholesterol removal from human macrophage foam cells through stimulation of the ABCA1 pathway. Nat Med 7:53–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuang SS, Helvig C, Taimi M, et al. (2004). CYP2U1, a novel human thymus- and brain-specific cytochrome P450, catalyzes omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of fatty acids. J Biol Chem 279:6305–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crofts F, Taioli E, Trachman J, et al. (1994). Functional significance of different human CYP1A1 genotypes. Carcinogenesis 15:2961–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutler RG, Kelly J, Storie K, et al. (2004). Involvement of oxidative stress-induced abnormalities in ceramide and cholesterol metabolism in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:2070–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dauchy S, Dutheil F, Weaver RJ, et al. (2008). ABC transporters, cytochromes P450 and their main transcription factors: expression at the human blood–brain barrier. J Neurochem 107:1518–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutheil F, Dauchy S, Diry M, et al. (2009). Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the normal human brain: regional and cellular mapping as a basis for putative roles in cerebral function. Drug Metab Dispos 37:1528–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eliasson E, Johansson I, Ingelman-Sundberg M. (1990). Substrate-, hormone-, and cAMP-regulated cytochrome P450 degradation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:3225–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eskay RL, Chautard T, Torda T, et al. (1995). Alcohol, corticosteroids, energy utilization, and hippocampal endangerment. Ann NY Acad Sci 771:105–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. (2007). G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 39:175–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flatscher-Bader T, Wilce PA. (2006). Chronic smoking and alcoholism change expression of selective genes in the human prefrontal cortex. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 30:908–15
   Google Scholar
• Gan L, von Moltke LL, Trepanier LA, et al. (2009). Role of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and cytochrome-b5/NADH-b5 reductase in variability of CYP3A activity in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos 37:90–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gebhardt FM, Scott HA, Dodd PR. (2010). Housekeepers for accurate transcript expression analysis in Alzheimer's disease autopsy brain tissue. Alzheimers Dement 6:465–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George J, Byth K, Farrell GC. (1995). Age but not gender selectively affects expression of individual cytochrome P450 proteins in human liver. Biochem Pharmacol 50:727–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golos TG, Miller WL, Strauss JF III. (1987). Human chorionic gonadotropin and 8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate promote an acute increase in cytochrome P450scc and adrenodoxin messenger RNAs in cultured human granulosa cells by a cycloheximide-insensitive mechanism. J Clin Invest 80:896–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo Y, Xiao P, Lei S, et al. (2008). How is mRNA expression predictive for protein expression? A correlation study on human circulating monocytes. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 40:426–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hakkola J, Pasanen M, Pelkonen O, et al. (1997). Expression of CYP1B1 in adult and fetal tissues and differential inducibility of CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 by Ah receptor ligands in human placenta and cultured cells. Carcinogenesis 18:391–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanukoglu I, Feuchtwanger R, Hanukoglu A. (1990). Mechanism of corticotropin and cAMP induction of mitochondrial cytochrome P450 system enzymes in adrenal cortex cells. J Biol Chem 265:20602–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi SI, Watanabe J, Nakachi K, Kawajiri K. (1991). PCR detection of an A/G polymorphism within exon 7 of the CYP1A1 gene. Nucl Acids Res 19:4797
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howard LA, Miksys S, Hoffmann E, et al. (2003). Brain CYP2E1 is induced by nicotine and ethanol in rat and is higher in smokers and alcoholics. Br J Pharmacol 138:1376–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iemitsu M, Miyauchi T, Maeda S, et al. (2002). Aging-induced decrease in the PPAR-alpha level in hearts is improved by exercise training. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 283:H1750–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwanari M, Nakajima M, Kizu R, et al. (2002). Induction of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1 mRNAs by nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in various human tissue-derived cells: chemical-, cytochrome P450 isoform-, and cell-specific differences. Arch Toxicol 76:287–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langmann T, Klucken J, Reil M, et al. (1999). Molecular cloning of the human ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (hABC1): evidence for sterol-dependent regulation in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 257:29–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. (2001). Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods 25:402–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch MA, Voss KL. (1994). Membrane arachidonic acid concentration correlates with age and induction of long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus in the rat. Eur J Neurosci 6:1008–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann A, Miksys SL, Gaedigk A, et al. (2012). The neuroprotective enzyme CYP2D6 increases in the brain with age and is lower in Parkinson's disease patients. Neurobiol Aging 33:2160–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matta SG, Beyer HS, McAllen KM, Sharp BM. (1987). Nicotine elevates rat plasma ACTH by a central mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 243:217–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer RP, Gehlhaus M, Knoth R, Volk B. (2007). Expression and function of cytochrome p450 in brain drug metabolism. Curr Drug Metab 8:297–306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miksys S, Lerman C, Shields PG, et al. (2003). Smoking, alcoholism and genetic polymorphisms alter CYP2B6 levels in human brain. Neuropharmacology 45:122–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miksys S, Rao Y, Hoffmann E, et al. (2002). Regional and cellular expression of CYP2D6 in human brain: higher levels in alcoholics. J Neurochem 82:1376–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miksys S, Tyndale RF. (2013). Cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism in the brain. J Psychiatry Neurosci 38:152–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller DS. (2010). Regulation of P-glycoprotein and other ABC drug transporters at the blood–brain barrier. Trends Pharmacol Sci 31:246–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagaraj NS, Beckers S, Mensah JK, et al. (2006). Cigarette smoke condensate induces cytochromes P450 and aldo-keto reductases in oral cancer cells. Toxicol Lett 165:182–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishimura M, Naito S. (2005). Tissue-specific mRNA expression profiles of human ATP-binding cassette and solute carrier transporter superfamilies. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 20:452–77
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nishimura M, Naito S, Yokoi T. (2004). Tissue-specific mRNA expression profiles of human nuclear receptor subfamilies. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 19:135–49
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nishimura M, Yaguti H, Yoshitsugu H, et al. (2003). Tissue distribution of mRNA expression of human cytochrome P450 isoforms assessed by high-sensitivity real-time reverse transcription PCR. Yakugaku Zass 123:369–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelkonen O, Turpeinen M, Hakkola J, et al. (2008). Inhibition and induction of human cytochrome P450 enzymes: current status. Arch Toxicol 82:667–715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivier C. (1996). Alcohol stimulates ACTH secretion in the rat: mechanisms of action and interactions with other stimuli. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 20:240–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts BJ, Song B-J, Soh Y, et al. (1995). Ethanol induces CYP2E1 by protein stabilization. J Biol Chem 270:29632–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegle I, Fritz P, Eckhardt K, et al. (2001). Cellular localization and regional distribution of CYP2D6 mRNA and protein expression in human brain. Pharmacogenetics 11:237–45
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stark K, Dostalek M, Guengerich FP. (2008). Expression and purification of orphan cytochrome P450 4X1 and oxidation of anandamide. FEBS J 275:3706–17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thum T, Erpenbeck VJ, Moeller J, et al. (2006). Expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in different lung compartments of smokers and nonsmokers. Environ Health Perspect 114:1655–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tian Q, Stepaniants SB, Mao M, et al. (2004). Integrated genomic and proteomic analyses of gene expression in Mammalian cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 3:960–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toselli F, Booth Depaz IM, Worrall S, et al. (2015). Expression of CYP2E1 and CYP2U1 proteins in amygdala and prefrontal cortex: influence of alcoholism and smoking. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 39:790–7
   Google Scholar
• Tunbridge EM, Eastwood SL, Harrison PJ. (2011). Changed relative to what? Housekeeping genes and normalization strategies in human brain gene expression studies. Biol Psychiatry 69:173–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vibhuti A, Arif E, Mishra A, et al. (2010). CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYBA gene polymorphisms associated with oxidative stress in COPD. Clin Chim Acta 411:474–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren MS, Zerangue N, Woodford K, et al. (2009). Comparative gene expression profiles of ABC transporters in brain microvessel endothelial cells and brain in five species including human. Pharmacol Res 59:404–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wray JA, Sugden MC, Zeldin DC, et al. (2009). The epoxygenases CYP2J2 activates the nuclear receptor PPARalpha in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 4:e7421
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wu S, Moomaw CR, Tomer KB, et al. (1996). Molecular cloning and expression of CYP2J2, a human cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid epoxygenase highly expressed in heart. J Biol Chem 271:3460–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye P, Wang ZJ, Zhang XJ, Zhao YL. (2005). Age-related decrease in expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and its effects on development of dyslipidemia. Chin Med J (Engl) 118:1093–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang ZY, Fasco MJ, Huang L, et al. (1996). Characterization of purified human recombinant cytochrome P4501A1-Ile462 and -Val462: assessment of a role for the rare allele in carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 56:3926–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar