References
- Cubitt HE, Houston JB, Galetin A. (2009). Relative importance of intestinal and hepatic glucuronidation-impact on the prediction of drug clearance. Pharm Res 26:1073–83
- Dalvie D, Kang P, Zientek M, et al. (2008). Effect of intestinal glucuronidation in limiting hepatic exposure and bioactivation of raloxifene in humans and rats. Chem Res Toxicol 21:2260–71
- D’Amelio P, Isaia GC. (2013). The use of raloxifene in osteoporosis treatment. Expert Opin Pharmacother 14:949–56
- Gizzo S, Saccardi C, Patrelli TS, et al. (2013). Update on raloxifene: mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and contraindications. Obstet Gynecol Surv 68:467–81
- Guillemette C, Lévesque E, Harvey M, et al. (2010). UGT genomic diversity: beyond gene duplication. Drug Metab Rev 42:24–44
- Hanioka N, Tanabe N, Jinno H, et al. (2010). Functional characterization of human and cynomolgus monkey UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 enzymes. Life Sci 87:261–8
- Hansdóttir H. (2008). Raloxifene for older women: a review of the literature. Clin Interv Aging 3:45–50
- Harbourt DE, Fallon JK, Ito S, et al. (2012). Quantification of human uridine-diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A isoforms in liver, intestine, and kidney using nanobore liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 84:98–105
- Jeong EJ, Liu Y, Lin H, Hu M. (2005). Species- and disposition model-dependent metabolism of raloxifene in gut and liver: role of UGT1A10. Drug Metab Dispos 33:785–94
- Kemp DC, Fan PW, Stevens JC. (2002). Characterization of raloxifene glucuronidation in vitro: contribution of intestinal metabolism to presystemic clearance. Drug Metab Dispos 30:694–700
- Kiang TK, Ensom MH, Chang TK. (2005). UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and clinical drug-drug interactions. Pharmacol Ther 106:97–132
- Kokawa Y, Kishi N, Jinno H, et al. (2013). Effect of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8 polymorphism on raloxifene glucuronidation. Eur J Pharm Sci 49:199–205
- Kosaka K, Sakai N, Endo Y, et al. (2011). Impact of intestinal glucuronidation on the pharmacokinetics of raloxifene. Drug Metab Dispos 39:1495–502
- Lušin TT, Trontelj J, Mrhar A. (2011). Raloxifene glucuronidation in human intestine, kidney, and liver microsomes and in human liver microsomes genotyped for the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism. Drug Metab Dispos 39:2347–54
- Mackenzie PI, Owens IS, Burchell B, et al. (1997). The UDP glycosyltransferase gene superfamily: recommended nomenclature update based on evolutionary divergence. Pharmacogenetics 7:255–69
- Mackenzie PI, Bock KW, Burchell B, et al. (2005). Nomenclature update for the mammalian UDP glycosyltransferase (UGT) gene superfamily. Pharmacogenet Genomics 15:677–85
- Mizuma T. (2009). Intestinal glucuronidation metabolism may have a greater impact on oral bioavailability than hepatic glucuronidation metabolism in humans: a study with raloxifene, substrate for UGT1A1, 1A8, 1A9, and 1A10. Int J Pharm 378:140–1
- Moen MD, Keating GM. (2008). Raloxifene: a review of its use in the prevention of invasive breast cancer. Drugs 68:2059–83
- Morello KC, Wurz GT, DeGregorio MW. (2003). Pharmacokinetics of selective estrogen receptor modulators. Clin Pharmacokinet 42:361–72
- Nishimura M, Koeda A, Morikawa H, et al. (2009). Tissue-specific mRNA expression profiles of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the cynomolgus monkey. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 24:139–44
- Ohno S, Nakajin S. (2009). Determination of mRNA expression of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and application for localization in various human tissues by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Drug Metab Dispos 37:32–40
- Ritter JK. (2000). Roles of glucuronidation and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in xenobiotic bioactivation reactions. Chem Biol Interact 129:171–93
- Snyder KR, Sparano N, Malinowski JM. (2000). Raloxifene hydrochloride. Am J Health Syst Pharm 57:1669–75
- Tukey RH, Strassburg CP. (2000). Human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases: metabolism, expression, and disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 40:581–616
- Yamamoto K, Mukai M, Nagaoka K, et al. (2014). Functional characterization of cynomolgus monkey UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 39:195–202