Reference
- Ashour ML, Wink M. (2011). Genus Bupleurum: a review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology and modes of action. J Pharm Pharmacol 63:305–21
- Bradford MM. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–54
- Bao Y, Li C, Shen H, Nan F. (2004). Determination of saikosaponin derivatives in Radix bupleuri and in pharmaceuticals of the Chinese multiherb remedy Xiaochaihu-Tang using liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 76:4208–16
- Chang HM, But PP. (1986). Pharmacology and applications of Chinese materia medica. Singapore: World Scientific, 978–88
- Chen JC, Chang NW, Chung JG, Chen KC. (2003). Saikosaponin-A induces apoptotic mechanism in human breast MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cells. Am J Chin Med 31:363–77
- Cheng PW, Ng LT, Chiang LC, Lin CC. (2006). Antiviral effects of saikosaponins on human coronavirus 229E in vitro. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 33:612–16
- Fujiwara K, Ogihara Y. (1986). Pharmacological effects of oral saikosaponin a may differ depending on conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Life Sci 39:297–301
- Huang HQ, Zhang X, Lin M, et al (2008). Characterization and identification of saikosaponins in crude extracts from three Bupleurum species using LC‐ESI‐MS. J Sep Sci 31:3190–201
- Hattori T, Ito M, Suzuki Y. (1991). [Studies on antinephritic effects of plant components in rats (1). Effects of saikosaponins original-type anti-GBM nephritis in rats and its mechanisms]. Nihon yakurigaku zasshi. Folia Pharmacol Japonica 97:13–21
- Hsu YL, Kuo PL, Lin CC. (2004). The proliferative inhibition and apoptotic mechanism of saikosaponin D in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Life Sci 75:1231–42
- Kida H, Akao T, Meselhy MR, Hattori M. (1998). Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of orally administered saikosaponin b1 in conventional, germ-free and Eubacterium sp. A-44-infected gnotobiote rats. Biol Pharml Bull 21:588–93
- Kida H, Nakamura N, Meselhy MR, et al (1997). Isolation and identification of human intestinal bacteria capable of hydrolyzing saikosaponins. J Trad Med 14:34–40
- Lin LT, Chung CY, Hsu WC, et al (2015). Saikosaponin b2 is a naturally occurring terpenoid that efficiently inhibits hepatitis C virus entry. J Hepatol 62:541–8
- Liu G, Tian Y, Li G, et al (2013). Metabolism of saikosaponin a in rats: diverse oxidations on the aglycone moiety in liver and intestine in addition to hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds. Drug Metab Dispos 41:622–33
- Lu CN, Yuan ZG, Zhang XL, et al (2012). Saikosaponin a and its epimer saikosaponin d exhibit anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 14:121–6
- Leung CY, Liu L, Wong RN, et al (2005). Saikosaponin-d inhibits T cell activation through the modulation of PKCθ, JNK, and NF-κB transcription factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 338:1920–7
- Pan SL. (2006). Bupleurum species: scientific evaluation and clinical applications[M]. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
- Shimizu K, Amagaya S, Ogihara Y. (1985). Structural transformation of saikosaponins by gastric juice and intestinal flora. J Pharmacobiodyn 8:718–25
- Shimizu K, Amagaya S, Ogihara Y. (1984). New derivatives of saikosaponins. Chem Pharm Bull 33:3349–55
- Song R, Xu F, Zhang Z, et al (2008). Structural elucidation of in vitro metabolites of emodin by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 22:1230–6
- Wu SJ, Lin YH, Chu CC, et al (2008). Curcumin or saikosaponin a improves hepatic antioxidant capacity and protects against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. J Med Food 11:224–9
- Yen MH, Lin CC, Chuang CH, Lin SC. (1994). Anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity of saikosaponin-f and the root extract of Bupleurum kaoi. Fitoterapia 65:409–17
- Yen MH, Lin CC, Yen CM. (1995). The immunomodulatory effect of saikosaponin derivatives and the root extract of Bupleurum kaoi in mice. Phytother Res 9:351–8
- Yamamoto M, Kumagai A, Yamamura Y. (1975). Structure and actions of saikosaponins isolated from Bupleurum falcatum LI Anti-inflammatory action of saikosaponins. Arzneimittel-Forschung 25:1021–3