Publication Cover
Xenobiotica
the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems
Volume 22, 1992 - Issue 8
14
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Metabolism of 2,6-dinitro[3-3H]toluene by human and rat liver microsomal and cytosolic fractions

, &
Pages 1015-1028 | Received 01 Apr 1992, Accepted 06 Apr 1992, Published online: 22 Sep 2008

References

  • Bradford M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 1976; 72: 248–254
  • Brodfuehrer J. I., Chapman D. E., Wilke T. J., Powis G. Comparative studies of the in vitro metabolism and covalent binding of [14C] benzene by liver slices and microsomal fraction of mouse, rat and human. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1989; 18: 20–27
  • Chapman D. E., Moore T. J., Michener S. R., Powis G. In vitro metabolism of [14C]-toluene by human and rat liver microsomal fractions and liver slices. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1990; 18: 929–936
  • CIIt, Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology. 104-week chronic toxicity study in rats. Hazleton Laboratories America, Inc., Vienna, VA 1982, Dinitrotoluene. Project No. 2010–101
  • Dent J. G., Schnell S., Guest D. Metabolism of 2,4-dinitrotoluene in rat hepatic microsomes and cecal flora. Biological and Reactive Intermediates II: Chemical Mechanisms and Biological Effects, R. Snyder, D. V. Parke, J. J. Kocsis, D. J. Jollow, G. G. Gibson, C. M. Widner. Plenum, New York 1981; 431–436
  • Dixit R., Schut H. A. J., Klaunig J. E., Stoner G. D. Metabolism and DNA binding of 2,6-dinitrotoluene in Fischer-344 rats and A/J mice. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1986; 82: 53–61
  • Elion G. B. Enzymatic and metabolic studies with allopurinol. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1966; 25: 608–614
  • Flammang T. J., Kadlubar F. F. Acetyl coenzyme A-dependent metabolic activation of carcinogenic N-hydroxy arylamines. Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research 1984; 25: 120–126
  • Gentle J. E. Least absolute values estimation: an introduction. Communications in Statistics 1977; 3: 313–328
  • Görnandt L., Kessler M., Vieregge U. PO2 histograms in regenerating liver tissue. Oxygen Supply: Theoretical and Practical Aspects, M. Kessler, D. F. Bruley. Park Press, Baltimore 1973; 271–275
  • Guest D., Schnell S. R., Rickert D. E., Dent J. G. Metabolism of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by intestinal microorganisms from rat, mouse, and man. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1982; 64: 160–168
  • Hillis L. D., Braunwald E. Myocardial ischemia. New England Journal of Medicine 1977; 296: 971–978
  • Horie A. Advances in research on DT-diaphorase—Catalytic properties, regulation of activity and significance in the detoxication of foreign compounds. Kisato Archives of Experimental Medicine 1990; 63: 11–30
  • Hunt C. M., Strater S., Stare G. M. Effect of normal aging on the activity of human hepatic cytochrome P-450IIE1. Biochemical Pharmacology 1990; 40: 1666–1669
  • Jonen-Kern R., Jonen H. G., Schupp R. R., Minck K., Fahl G. F., Netter K. J. Reductive drug metabolism in isolated perfused rat liver under restricted oxygen supply. Xenobiotica 1978; 8: 271–280
  • Kedderis G. L., Dyroff M. C., Rickert D. E. Hepatic macromolecular covalent binding of the hepatocarcinogen 2,6-dinitrotoluene and its 2,4-isomer in vivo: modulation by the sulfotrans- ferase inhibitors pentachiorophenol and 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol. Carcinogenesis 1984; 5: 1199–1204
  • King C. M., Glowinski I. B. Acetylation, deacetylation and acyltransfer. Environmental Health Perspectives 1983; 49: 43–50
  • Leonard T. B., Adams T., Popp J. A. Dinitrotoluene isomer-specific enhancement of the expression of diethylnitrosamine initiated hepatocyte foci. Carcinogenesis 1986; 7: 1797–1803
  • Leonard T. B., Graichen M. E., Popp J. A. Dinitrotoluene isomer-specific hepatocarcino-genesis in F344 rats. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1987; 79: 1313–1319
  • Leonard T. B., Lyght O., Popp J. A. Dinitrotoluene structure-dependent initiation of hepatocytes in vivo. Carcinogenesis 1983; 4: 1059–1061
  • Long R. M., Rickert D. E. Metabolism and excretion of 2,6-dinitrol[14C]toluene in vivo and in isolated perfused rat livers. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1982; 10: 455–458
  • McLane K. E., Fisher J., Ramakrishnan K. Reductive drug metabolism. Drug Metabolism Reviews 1983; 14: 741–799
  • Mirsalis J. C., Hamm T. E., Jr., Sherrill J. M., Butterworth B. E. Role of gut flora in the genotoxicity of dinitrotoluene. Nature 1982; 295: 322–323
  • Mori M. A., Matsuhashi T., Miyahara T., Shibata S., Izima C., Kozuka H. Reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by Wistar rat liver microsomal and cytosol fractions. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1984; 76: 105–112
  • Neter J., Wasserman W. Applied Linear Statistical Models. Rochard D. Irwin, Inc., Homewood, IL 1974; 77–89; 636–668
  • Pasto D. J., Johnson C. R. Organic Structure Determination. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ 1969; 327–463
  • Powis G., Wincentsen L. Pyridine nucleotide cofactor requirements of indicine-N-oxide reduction by hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450. Biochemical Pharmacology 1980; 29: 347–351
  • Powis G., Jardine I., VanDyke R., Weinshilboum R., Moore D., Wilke T., Rhodes R., Nelson R., Benson L., Szumlauski C. Foreign compounds metabolism: studies with human liver obtained as surgical waste. Relation to donor characteristics and effects of tissue storage. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1988; 16: 582–589
  • Rajagopalan K. V., Fridovich I., Handler P. Hepatic aldehyde oxidase. I. Purification and properties. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1962; 237: 922–928
  • Remington R. D., Schork M. A. Statistics with Applications to the Biological Health Sciences. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ 1970; 210–213
  • Rickert D. E., Long R. M., Krakowka S., Dent J. G. Metabolism and excretion of 14C-2,4-dinitrotoluene in conventional and axenic rats. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1981; 59: 574–579
  • Rickert D. E., Butterworth B. E., Popp J. A. Dinitrotoluene: acute toxicity, oncogenicity, genotoxicity, and metabolism. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology 1984; 13: 217–234
  • Sato N., Kamada T., Kawano S., Hayashi N., Kishida Y., Meren H., Yoshihara H., Abe H. Effect of acute and chronic ethanol consumption on hepatic tissue oxygen tension in rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 1983; 18: 443–447
  • Shoji M., Mori M. A., Kawajiri T., Sayama M., Mori Y., Miyahara T., Honda T., Kozuka H. Metabolism of 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrobenzyl alcohol and 2,4-dinitrobenz-aldehyde by rat liver microsomal and cytosol fractions. Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 1987; 35: 1579–1586
  • Sugiura M., Iwasaki K., Kato R. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent reduction of tertiary amine N-oxide by liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. Biochemical Pharmacology 1977; 26: 489–495
  • Turner M. J., Jr, Levine R. J., Nystrom D. D., Crume Y. S., Rickert D. E. Identification and quantification of urinary metabolites of dinitrotoluenes in occupationally exposed humans. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1985; 80: 166–174
  • Walton I., Workman P. Nitroimidazole bioreductive metabolism. Quantitation and characterization of mouse tissue benzidazole nitroreductases in vivo and in vitro. Biochemical Pharmacology 1987; 36: 887–896
  • Woods J. S., Fowler B. A., Eaton D. L. Studies on the mechanisms of thallium-mediated inhibition of hepatic mixed function oxidase activity. Correlation with inhibition of NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase. Biochemical Pharmacology 1984; 33: 571–576
  • Woollen B. H., Hall M. G., Craig R., Steel G. T. Dinitrotoluene: an assessment of occupational absorption during the manufacture of blasting explosives. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 1985; 55: 319–330
  • Wynne H., Mutch E., James O. F. W., Wright P., Rawlins M. D., Woodhouse K. W. The effect of age upon the affinity of microsomal monooxygenase enzymes for substrate in human liver. Age and Ageing 1988; 17: 401–405
  • Ziegler D. M. Microsomal flavin-containing monooxygenase: oxygenation of nucleophilic nitrogen and sulfur compounds. Enzymatic Basis of Detoxification, W. B. Jakoby. Academic Press, New York 1980; Vol. 1: 201–227

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.