Advanced search
Publication Cover
Xenobiotica
the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems
Volume 25, 1995 - Issue 8
Submit an article Journal homepage
48
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Phase I and II metabolites of benztropine in rat urine and bile

H. He College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada; Wyeth-Ayerst Research, PO Box 8000, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
,
G. McKay College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada
&
K. K. Midha College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5C9, Canada
Pages 857-872 | Received 28 Jan 1995, Published online: 22 Sep 2008

References

  • Boyer W. F., Bakalar N. S., Lake C. R. Anticholinergic prophylaxis of acute haloperidol-induced acute dystonic reactions. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 1987; 7: 164–166
  • Brooks R. T., Sternglanz P. D. Titanometric determination of the N-oxide group in pyridine-N-oxide and related compounds. Analytical Chemistry 1959; 31: 561–565
  • Fieser L. F., Fieser M. Reagents for Organic Synthesis. Wiley, New York 1967; Vol. 1: 135–136
  • Furniss B. S., Hannaford A. J., Smith P. W. G., Tatchell A. R. Vogel's Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, 5th edn. Longman, New York 1989; 406–407, Chapter 4
  • Goff D. C., Arana G. W., Greenblatt D. J., Dupont R., Ornsteen M., Harmatz J. S., Shader R. I. The effect of benztropine on haloperidol-induced dystonia, clinical efficiency and pharmacokinetics: a prospective, double-blind trial. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacolgy 1991; 11: 106–112
  • Gudzinowicz B. J., Martin H. F., Driscoll J. L. Gas chromatographic analysis of thermal decomposition products of chlorpromazine, chropromazine S-oxide and chlorpromizine N-oxide. Journal of Gas Chromatography 1964; 2: 265–269
  • Hall K., Yeung P. K. F., Midha K. K. Decomposition of sulphoxide metabolites of phenothiazine antipsychotics during gas chromatographic analysis. Journal of Chromatography 1982; 231: 200–204
  • He H., McKay G., Midha K. K. Development of a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for benztropine. Journal of Pharmacological Science 1993; 82: 1027–1032
  • Jackson C.-J. C., Hubbard J. W., McKay G., Cooper J. K., Hawes E. M., Midha K. K. Identification of phase I and phase II metabolites of fluphenazine in rat bile—intact glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1991; 19: 188–193
  • Jacob P., Benowitz N. L., Yu L., Shulgin A. T. Determination of nicotine N-oxide by gas chromatography following thermal conversion to 2-methy-6-(3-pyridyl)- tetrahydro-1,2-oxazine. Analytical Chemistry 1986; 58: 2218–2221
  • Jindal S. P., Luts T., Hallstrom C., Vestergaard P. A stable isotope dilution assay for the antiparkinsonian drug benztropine in biological fluids. Clinica et Chimica Acta 1981; 112: 267–273
  • Keepers G. A., Clappison V. J., Casey D. E. Initial anticholinergic prophylaxis for neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal syndromidal syndromes. Archives of General Psychiatry 1983; 40: 1113–1117
  • Lambert L. Surgery of Digestive System of Rats. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield 1965; 107–154
  • Manos N., Lavrentiadis G., Gkiouzepas J. Evaluation of the need for prophylatic antiparkinsonian medication in psychotic patients treated with neuroleptics. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1986; 47: 114–116
  • Mulder G. H., Scholtens E., Meuer D. K. F. Collection of metabolites in bile and urine from rat. Methods in Enzymology 1981; 77: 21–30
  • Parikh J., MacGlashan D. W., Fenselau C. Immobilised glucuronosyltransferase for the synthesis of conjugates. Journal of Medical Chemistry 1976; 19: 296–299
  • Pallante S. L., Lisek C. A., Dulik D. M., Fenselau C. Glutathione conjugates—immobilized enzyme synthesis and characterisation by FAB mass spectrometry. Drug Metabolism and Disposition 1986; 14: 313–318
  • Selinger K., Lebel G., Hill H. M., Discenza C. High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of benztropine in human plasma. Journal of Chromatography 1989; 491: 248–252
  • Sramek J. J., Simpson G. M., Morrison R. L., Heiser J. F. Anticholinergic agents for prophylaxis of neuroleptic-induced dystonic reactions: a prospective study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1986; 47: 305–309
  • Stern T. A., Anderson W. H. Benztropine prophylaxis of dystonic reactions. Psychopharmacology 1979; 61: 261–262
  • Tune L., Coyle J. T. Acute extrapyramidal side effects: serum levels of neuroleptics and anticholinergics. Psychopharmacology 1981; 75: 9–15
  • Whitehouse C. M., Dreyer R. N., Yamashita M., Fenn J. B. Electrospray interface for liquid chromatograms and mass spectrometers. Analytical Chemistry 1985; 57: 675–679
  • Williams D. H., Fleming I. Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, London 1987; 74–146

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.