When no choice of embryos exists, the multiple pregnancy risk is still high

References

• de Mouzon J, Goossens V, Bhattacharya S, Castilla JA, Ferraretti AP, Korsak V . European IVF-monitoring (EIM) Consortium, for the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). 2010. Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2006: results generated from European registers by ESHRE. Human Reproduction 25:1851–1862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Chaar D, Yang Q, Gao J, Bottomley J, Leader A, Wen SW . 2009. Risk of birth defects increased in pregnancies conceived by assisted human reproduction. Fertility and Sterility 92:1557–1561.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elder K, Dale B. 2000. In vitro fertilization. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 180–186.
   Google Scholar
• Ericson A, Nygren KG, Olausson PO, Kallen B. 2002. Hospital care utilization of infants born after IVF. Human Reproduction 17:929–932.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Finnström O, Källén B, Lindam A, Nilsson E, Nygren KG, Olausson PO. 2011. Maternal and child outcome after in vitro fertilization – a review of 25 years of population-based data from Sweden. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 90:494–500.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garel M, Salobir C, Blondel B. 1997. Psychological consequences of having triplets: a four-year follow up study. Fertility and Sterility 67:1162–1165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunby J, Bissonnette F, Librach C, Cowan L; IVF Directors Group of the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Society. 2011. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in Canada: 2007 results from the Canadian ART Register. Fertility and Sterility 95:542–547.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heijnen EM, Eijkemans MJ, De Klerk C, Polinder S, Beckers NG, Klinkert ER . 2007. A mild treatment strategy for in-vitro fertilisation: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Lancet 369:743–749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Human Fertilisation Embryology Authority. Available at: www.hfea.gov.uk/multiplebirths (Accessed 7 April 2009).
   Google Scholar
• Klemetti R, Gissler M, Hemminki E. 2002. Comparison of perinatal health of children born from IVF in Finland in the early and late 1990s. Human Reproduction 17:2192–2198.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ledger WL, Anumba D, Marlow N, Thomas CM, Wilson EC. Cost of Multiple Births Study Group (COMBS Group). 2006. The costs to the NHS of multiple births after IVF treatment in the UK. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 113:21–25.
   Google Scholar
• Martikainen H, Orava M, Lakkakorpi J, Tuomivaara L. 2004. Day 2 elective single embryo transfer in clinical practice: better outcome in ICSI cycles. Human Reproduction 19:1364–1366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martikainen H, Tiitinen A, Tomas C . 2001. One versus two embryo transfer after IVF and ICSI: a randomised study. Human Reproduction 16:1900–1903.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikkola K, Ritari N, Tommiska V, Salokorpi T, Lehtonen L, Tammela O . 2005. Neurodevelopmental outcome at 5 years of age of a national cohort of extremely low birth weight infants who were born in 1996–1997. Pediatrics 116:1391–1400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mocanu E, Redmond ML, Hennelly B, Collins C, Harrison R. Odds of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) – time for reassessment. 2007.Human Fertility 10:175–181.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ombelet W. Prevention of multiple pregnancies; the Belgian project. 2004. International Congress Series 1271:108–111.
   Google Scholar
• Pinborg A, Loft A, Nyboe Andersen A. 2004a. Neonatal outcome in a Danish national cohort of 8602 children born after in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection: the role of twin pregnancy. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 83:1071–1078.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinborg A, Loft A, Rasmussen S, Nyboe Andersen A. 2004b. Hospital care utilization of IVF/ICSI twins followed until 2–7 years of age: a controlled Danish national cohort study. Human Reproduction 19:2529–2536.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pinborg A. 2005. IVF/ICSI twin pregnancies: risks and prevention. Human Reproduction Update 11:575–593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roca-de Bes M, Gutierrez-Maldonado J, Gris-Martínez JM. 2011. Comparative study of the psychosocial risks associated with families with multiple births resulting from assisted reproductive technology (ART) and without ART. Fertility and Sterility 96:170–174.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sunderam S, Chang J, Flowers L, Kulkarni A, Sentelle G, Jeng G .; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2009. Assisted reproductive technology surveillance – United States, 2006. MMWR Surveillance Summaries 58:1–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Templeton A, Morris JK, Parslow W. 1996. Factors that affect outcome of in-vitro fertilisation treatment. Lancet 348:1402–1406.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiitinen A, Halttunen M, Harkki P, Vuoristo P, Hyden-Granskog C. 2001. Elective single embryo transfer: the value of cryopreservation. Human Reproduction 16:1140–1144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tiitinen A, Unkila-Kallio L, Halttunen M, Hyden-Granskog C. 2003. Impact of elective single embryo transfer on the twin pregnancy rate. Human Reproduction 18:1449–1453.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Montfoort AP, Fiddelers AA, Janssen JM, Derhaag JG, Dirksen CD, Dunselman GA . 2006. In unselected patients, elective single embryo transfer prevents all multiples, but results in significantly lower pregnancy rates compared with double embryo transfer: a randomized controlled trial. Human Reproduction 21:338–343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Peperstraten AM, Hermens RP, Nelen WL, Stalmeier PF, Scheffer GJ, Grol RP . 2008. Perceived barriers to elective single embryo transfer among IVF professionals: a national survey. Human Reproduction 23:2718–2723.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veleva Z, Karinen P, Tomás C, Tapanainen JS, Martikainen H. 2009. Elective single embryo transfer with cryopreservation improves the outcome and diminishes the costs of IVF/ICSI. Human Reproduction 24:1632–1639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar