![The World Congress on Controversies in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility (COGI). Click here to learn more.]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/112382/JournalAd-COGI2024-Leaderboard.jpg"})
References
- Cunningham F. G., MacDonald P. C., Gant N. F., Leveno K. J., Gilstrap L. C., III. Williams Obstetrics, 19th edition. Prentice-Hall, London 1993; 371–393, chapter 14
- Donald I. Practical Obstetric Problems, Fifth edition. Lloyd-Luke Medical, London 1979; 811
- Gorsch R. V. Proctologic Anatomy, Second edition. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1955
- Haadem K., Ohrlander S., Lingman G. Long-term ailments due to anal sphincter rupture caused by delivery—a hidden problem. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology 1988; 27: 27–32
- Harrison R. F., Brennan M., North P. M., Reed J. V., Wickham E. A. Is routine episiotomy necessary. British Medical Journal 1984; 288: 1971–1975
- Henriksen T. B., Bek K. M., Hedegaard M., Secher N. J. Episiotomy and perineal lesions in spontaneous vaginal deliveries. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1992; 99: 950–954
- Myerscough P. R. Munro Kerr's Operative Obstetrics, 10th edition. Baillière Tindall, London 1982; 457, chapter 32
- Sleep J., Roberts J., Chalmers I. Care during the second stage of labour. Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth, I. Chalmers, M. Enkin, M. J. N. C. Kierse. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1989; 1129–1144, chapter 66
- Sorensen M., Tetzschner T., Rasmussen O. O., Bjarnesen J., Christiansen J. Sphincter rupture in childbirth. British Journal of Surgery 1993; 80: 392–394
- Sultan A. H., Hudson C. N. Are junior doctors and midwives adequately prepared to repair the perineum. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1993; 13: 484–185
- Sultan A. H., Kamm M. A. Ultrasound of the anal sphincter. Atlas of Gastrointestinal Motility in Health and Disease, M. M. Schuster. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore 1993; 115–121, chapter 7
- Sultan A. H., Kamm M. A., Hudson C. N., Thomas J. M., Bartram C. I. Anal sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery. New England Journal of Medicine 1993a; 329: 1905–1911
- Sultan A. H., Kamm M. A., Bartram C. I., Hudson C. N. Anal sphincter trauma during instrumental delivery. A comparison between forceps and vacuum delivery. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics 1993b; 43: 263–270
- Sultan A. H., Kamm M. A., Hudson C. N., Bartram C. I. Third degree obstetric anal sphincter tears: risk factors and outcome of primary repair. British Medical Journal 1994a; 308: 887–891
- Sultan A. H., Kamm M. A., Bartram C. I., Hudson C. N. Perineal damage at delivery. Contemporary Reviews of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1994b; 6: 18–24
- Sultan A. H., Kamm M. A., Hudson C. N., Nicholls R. J., Bartram C. I. Endosonography of the anal sphincters: normal anatomy and comparison with manometry. Clinical Radiology 1994c; 49: 368–374
- Sultan A. H., Loder P. B., Kamm M. A., Hudson C. N., Bartram C. I. Vaginal endosonography: a new approach to image the undisturbed anal sphincter. Disease of the Colon and Rectum. 1994d, In press
- Thacker S. B., Banta H. D. Benefits and risks of episiotomy: an interpretative review of the English language literature, 1860–1980. Obstetrical and Gynaecological Survey 1983; 38: 322–338