Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, lowers plasma cholesterol and attenuates hepatic lipid peroxidation during carbon-tetrachloride–associated hepatotoxicity in rats

References

• Abdel-Fadeil, M. R., Kishk, Y. T., Ahmed, O. G., Gamal D. (2011). Impact of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and unstable angina. Ibnosina J Med Biomed Sci 3:101–112.
   Google Scholar
• Aiyar, A. S., Fatterpaker, P., Sreenivasan, A. (1964). Lipid metabolism in liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride in the rat. Biochem J 90:558–563.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alkhouri, N., Tamimi, T. A., Yerian, L., Lopez, R., Nizar, N., Zein, N. N., et al. (2010). The inflamed liver and atherosclerosis: a link between histologic severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and increased cardiovascular risk. Dig Dis Sci 55:2644–2650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bataller, R., Brenner, D. A. (2005). Liver fibrosis. J Clin Invest 115:209–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beutler, E., Duron, O., Kelly, B. M. (1963). Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione. J Lab Clin Med 61:882–888.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruckner, J. V., Mackenzie, W. F., Muralidhara, S., Luthra, R., Kyle, G. M., Acosta, D. (1986). Oral toxicity of carbon tetrachloide: acute, subacute, and subchronic studies in rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol 6:16–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buyssens, N., Kockx, M. M., Herman, A. G., Lazou, J. M., Van den Berg, K., Wisse, E., et al. (1996). Centrolobular liver fibrosis in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit. Hepatology 24:939–946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cervello, M., Montalto, G. (2006). Cyclooxygenases in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 12:5113–5121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, J., Imanishi, H., Liu, W., Iwasaki, A., Ueki, N., Nakamura, H., et al. (2003). Inhibition of the expression of a-smooth muscle actin in human hepatic stellate cell line, LI90, by a selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, NS-398. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 297:1128–1134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denda, A., Endoh, T., Kitayama, W., Tang, Q., Noguchi, O., Kobayashi, Y., et al. (1997). Inhibition by piroxicam of oxidative DNA damage, liver cirrhosis, and development of enzyme-altered nodules caused by a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined diet in rats. Carcinogenesis 18:1921–1930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deng, P., Zhao, S. P., Dai, H. Y., Guan, X. S., Huang, H. G. (2006). Atorvastatin reduces the expression of COX-2 mRNA in peripheral blood monocytes from patients with acute myocardial infarction and modulates the early inflammatory response. Clin Chem 52:300–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeWitt, D. L. (1991). Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase: regulation of enzyme expression. Biochim Biophys Acta 1083:121–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doumas, B. T., Watson, W. A., Biggs, H. G. (1971). Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromocresol green reaction. Clin Chem 22:616–622.
   Google Scholar
• Failli, P., DeFranco R. M., Caligiuri, A., Gentilini, A., Romanelli, R. G., Marra, F., et al. (2000). Nitrovasodilators inhibit platelet-derived growth factor-induced proliferation and migration of activated human hepatic stellate cells. Gastroenterology 119:479–492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell, G. C., Larter, C. Z. (2006). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from steatosis to cirrhosis. Hepatology 43:S99–S112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng, L., Xia, Y., Garcıa, G. E., Hwang, D., Wilson, C. B. (1995). Involvement of reactive oxygen intermediates in cyclooxygenase-2 expression induced by interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-a, and lipopolysaccharide. J Clin Invest 95:1669–1675.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferre, N., Martınez-Clemente, M., Lopez-Parra, M., Gonzalez-Periz, A., Horrillo, R., Planaguma, A., et al. (2009). Increased susceptibility to exacerbated liver injury in hypercholesterolemic ApoE-deficient mice: potential involvement of oxysterols. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 296:G553–G562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, S. L. (2000). Molecular regulation of hepatic fibrosis, an integrated cellular response to tissue injury. J Biol Chem 275:2247–2250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukunaga, M., Makita, N., Roberts, L. J., 2nd, Morrow, J. D., Takahashi, K., Badr, K. F. (1993). Evidence for the existence of F2-isoprostane receptors on rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 264:C1619–C1624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallois, C., Habib, A., Tao, J., Moulin, S., Maclouf, J., Mallat, A., et al. (1998). Role of NF-kappaB in the antiproliferative effect of endothelin-1 and tumor necrosis factoralpha in human hepatic stellate cells. Involvement of cyclooxygenase-2. J Biol Chem 273:23183–23190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannitrapani, L., Ingrao, S., Soresi, M., Florena, A. M., La Spada, E., Sandonato, L., et al. (2009). Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1155:293–299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Peiz, A., Planaguma, A., Gronert, K., Miquel, R., Lopez-Parra, M., Titos, E., et al. (2006). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) blunts liver injury by conversion to protective lipid mediators: protectin D1 and 17S-hydroxy-DHA. FASEB J 20:2537–2539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gornall, A. G., Bardawill, C. J., David, M. M. (1949). Determination of serum proteins by means of the Biuret reaction. J Biol Chem 177:751–756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graupera, M., Garcia-Pagan, J. C., Abraldes, J. G., Peralta, G., Bragulat, M., Corominola H., et al. (2003). Cyclooxygenase-derived products modulate the increased intrahepatic resistance of cirrhotic rat liver. Hepatology 37:172–181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, C., Li, G., Lim, K., DeFrances, M. C., Gandhi, C. R., Wu, T. (2008). Transgenic expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in hepatocytes accelerates endotoxininduced acute liver failure. J Immunol 181:8027–8035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinson, R. M., Williams, J. A., Shacter, E. (1996). Elevated interleukin 6 is induced by prostaglandin E2 in a murine model of inflammation: possible role of cyclooxygenase-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93:4885–4890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horrillo, R., Planaguma, A., Gonzalez-Periz, A., Ferre, N., Titos, E., Miquel, R., et al. (2007). Comparative protection against liver inflammation and fibrosis by a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor and a nonredox-type 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 323:778–786.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, K. Q. (2003). Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2)-prostanoid pathway and liver diseases. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 69:329–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu, K. Q., Yu, C. H., Mineyama, Y., McCracken J. D., Hillebrand D. J., Hasan, M. (2003). Inhibited proliferation of cyclooxygenase-2 expressing human hepatoma cells by NS-398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor. Inter J Oncol 22:757–763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hui, A. Y., Leung, W. K., Chan, H. L., Chan, F. K., Go, M. Y., Chan, K. K., et al. (2006). Effect of celecoxib on experimental liver fibrosis in rat. Liver Intern 26:125–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob, S., Laury-Kleintop, L., Lanza-Jacoby, S. (2008). The select cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib reduced the extent of atherosclerosis in Apo E-/- mice. J Surg Res 146:135–142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeschke, H. (2006). Mechanisms of liver injury. II. Mechanisms of neutrophilinduced liver cell injury during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion and other acute inflammatory conditions. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290:G1083–G1088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong, S. W., Jang, J. Y., Lee, S. H., Kim, S. G., Cheon, Y. K., et al. (2010). Increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with the progression to cirrhosis. Korean J Intern Med 25:364–371.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jou, J., Choi, S. S., Diehl, A. M. (2008). Mechanisms of disease progression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Semin Liver Dis 28:370–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kara, E., Var, A., Vatansever, S., Cilaker, S., Kaya, Y., Coskun, T. (2004). Effect of rofecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on endothelial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation, and hepatocyte morphology in rats with sepsis-induced liver damage. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 65:278–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kujubu, D. A., Fletcher, B. S., Varnum, B. C., Lim, R. W., Herschman, H. R. (1991). TIS10, a phorbol ester tumor promoter-inducible mRNA from Swiss 3T3 cells, encodes a novel prostaglandin synthase/cyclooxygenase homologue. J Biol Chem 266:12866–12872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine, G. (1991). A guide to SPSS for analysis of variance (pp. 65–67). Hillsdale, New Jersey, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Li, G., Han, C., Xu, L., Lim, L., Isse, K., Wu, T. (2009). Cyclooxygenase-2 prevents Fas-induced liver injury through up-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Hepatology 50:834–843.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, W., Matsumura, F. (2008). Significance of the nongenomic, inflammatory pathway in mediating the toxic action of TCDD to induce rapid and long-term cellular responses in 3T3–L1 adipocytes. Biochemistry 47:13997–14008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludewing, B., Jaggi, M., Dumrese, T., Brduscha-Riem, K., Odermatt, B., Hengartner, H., et al. (2001). Hypercholesterolemia exacerbates virus-induced immunologic liver disease via suppression of antiviral cytotoxic T cell responses. J Immunol 166:3369–3376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallat, A., Gallois, C., Tao, J., Habib, A., Maclouf, J., Mavier, P., et al. (1998). Platelet-derived growth factor- BB and thrombin generate positive and negative signals for human hepatic stellate cell proliferation. Role of a prostaglandin/cyclic AMP pathway and cross-talk with endothelin receptors. J Biol Chem 273:27300–27305.
   Google Scholar
• Martín-Sanz, P., Mayoral, R., Casado, M., Boscá, L. (2010). COX-2 in liver, from regeneration to hepatocarcinogenesis: what we have learned from animal models? World J Gastroenterol 16:1430–1435.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre, M., Benhamou, J. P., Bircher, J., Rizzeto, M., Rodes, J. (1999). Oxford textbook of clinical hepatology. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Must, A., Spadano, J., Coakley, E. H., Field, A. E., Colditz, G., Dietz, W. H. (1999). The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA 282:1523–1539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nanji, A. A., Miao, L., Thomas, P., Rahemtulla, A., Khwaja, S., Zhao, S., et al. (1997). Enhanced cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in alcoholic liver disease in the rat. Gastroenterology 112:943–951.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunez, O., Fernandez-Martınez, A., Majano P. L., Apolinario, A., Gomez-Gonzalo, M., Benedicto I., et al. (2004). Increased intrahepatic cyclooxygenase 2, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression is associated with progressive liver disease in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: role of viral core and NS5A proteins. Gut 53:1665–1672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendino, G. M., Mariano, A., Surace, P., Caserta, C. A., Fiorillo, M. T., Amante, A., et al. (2005). Collaborating Group ACE. Prevalence and etiology of altered liver tests: a population-based survey in a Mediterranean town. Hepatology 41:1151–1159.
   Google Scholar
• Pilbeam, C. C., Kawaguchi, H., Hakeda, Y., Voznesensky, O., Alander, C. B., Raisz, L. G. (1993). Differential regulation of inducible and constitutive prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. J Biol Chem 268:25643–25649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Planaguma, A., Claria, J., Miquel, R., Lopez-Parra, M., Titos, E., Masferrer, J. L., et al. (2005). The selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor SC-236 reduces liver fibrosis by mechanisms involving non-parenchymal cell apoptosis and PPAR gamma activation. FASEB J 19:1120–1122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad, K., Lee, P. (2001). Suppression of oxidative stress as a mechanism of reduction of hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis by aspirin. Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 8:61–69.
   Google Scholar
• Praticó, D., FitzGerald, G. A. (1996). Generation of 8-epiprostaglandin F2alpha by human monocytes. Discriminate production by reactive oxygen species and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2. J Biol Chem 271:8919–8924.
   Google Scholar
• Reilly, T. P., Brady, J. N., Marchick, M. R., Bourdi, M., George, J. W., Radonovich, M. F., et al. (2001). A protective role for cyclooxygenase-2 in drug-induced liver injury in mice. Chem Res Toxicol 14:1620–1628.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reitman, S., Frankel, S. A. (1957). Colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamate-oxaloacetate and pyruvate transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol 28:56–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy, A. V. (1970). Rapid method for determining alkaline phosphatase activity in serum with thymolphthalein monophosphate. Clin Chem 16:431–436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senthilkumar, R., Viswanathan, P., Nalini, N. (2003). Glycine modulates hepatic lipid accumulation in alcohol-induced liver injury. Pol J Pharmacol 55:603–611.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Smith, W. L., Dewitt, D. L. (1996). Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases-1 and -2. Adv Immunol 62:167–215.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tous, M., Ferre, N., Camps, J., Riu, F., Joven, J. (2005). Feeding apolipoprotein E-knockout mice with cholesterol and fat enriched diets may be a model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Mol Cell Biochem 268:53–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trinder, P. (1969). Quantitative determination of triglyceride using GPO-PAP method. Ann Clin Biochem 6:24–27.
   Google Scholar
• Tu, C. T., Guo, J. S., Wang, M., Wang, J. Y. (2007). Antifibrotic activity of rofecoxib in vivo is associated with reduced portal hypertension in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 22:877–884.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Wal, A. C., Becker, A. E., van der Loos, C. M., Das, P. K. (1994). Site of intimal rupture or erosion of thrombosed coronary atherosclerotic plaques is characterized by an inflammatory process irrespective of the dominant plaque morphology. Circulation 89:36–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varshney, R., Kale, R. K. (1990). Effect of calmodulin antagonist on radiation induced lipid peroxidation in microsomes. Int J Rad Biol 58:733–743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie, W. L., Chipman, J. G., Robertson, D. L., Erikson, R. L., Simmons, D. L. (1991). Expression of a mitogen-responsive gene encoding prostaglandin synthase is regulated by mRNA splicing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88:2692–2696.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamamoto, H., Kondo, M., Nakamori, S., Nagano, H., Wakasa, K., Sugita, Y., et al. (2003). JTE-522, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, is an effective chemopreventive agent against rat experimental liver fibrosis1. Gastroenterology 125:556–571.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, J., Hui, A. Y., Chu, E. S., Cheng, A. S., Go, M. Y., Chan, H. L., et al. (2007). Expression of a cyclo-oxygenase-2 transgene in murine liver causes hepatitis. Gut 56:991–999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, J., Ip, E., Dela Peña, A., Hou, J. Y., Sesha, J., Pera, N., et al. (2006). COX-2 induction in mice with experimental nutritional steatohepatitis: role as pro-inflammatory mediator. Hepatology 43:826–836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, J., Wu, C. W., Chu, E. S., Hui, A. Y., Cheng, A. S., Go, M. Y., et al. (2008). Elucidation of the role of COX-2 in liver fibrogenesis using transgenic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 372:571–577.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar