References
- Altman J, Das GD. (1966). Autoradiographic and histological studies of postnatal neurogenesis. J Comp Neurol 126:337–389
- Altman J, Sudarshan K. (1975). Postnatal development of locomotion in the laboratory rat. Anim Behav 23:896–920
- Andreasen NC, Nopoulos P, O’Leary DS, et al. (1999). Defining the phenotype of schizophrenia: cognitive dysmetria and its neural mechanisms. Biol Psychiat 46:908–920
- Bellinger DJ, Sloman A, Leviton M, et al. (1991). Low-level lead exposure and children’s cognitive function in the preschool years. Pediatrics 87:219–227
- Brent RL, Tanski S, Weitzman M. (2004). A Pediatric perspective on the unique vulnerability and resilience of the embryo and the child to environmental toxicants: the importance of rigorous research concerning age and agent. Pediatrics 113:935–944
- Chao SL, Moss JM, Harry GJ. (2007). Lead-induced alterations of apoptosis and neurotrophic factor mRNA in the developing rat cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. J Biochem Mol Toxic 21:265–272
- Chen HH, Ma T, Paul IA, et al. (1997). Developmental lead exposure and two-way active avoidance training alter the distribution of protein kinase C activity in the rat hippocampus. Neurochem Res 22:1119–1125
- Chiodo LM, Covington C, Sokol RJ, et al. (2007). Blood lead levels and specific attention effects in young children. Neurotoxicol Teratol 29:538–546
- Costa L, Aschner M, Vitalone A, et al. (2004). Developmental neuropathology of environmental agents. Annu Rev Pharmacol 44:87–110
- Desmurget M, Grea H, Grethe JS, et al. (2001). Functional anatomy of nonvisual feedback loops during reaching: a positron emission tomography study. J Neurosci 21:2919–2928
- Ebner TJ, Fu Q. (1997). What features of visually guided arm movements are encoded in the simple spike discharge of cerebellar Purkinje cells? Prog Brain Res 114:431–447.
- Edelman GM. (1986). Cell adhesion molecules in the regulation of animal form and tissue pattern. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2:81–116
- Eichenbaum H. (2001). The hippocampus and declarative memory: cognitive mechanisms and neural codes. Behav Brain Res 127:199–207
- Finkelstein Y, Markowitz ME, Rosen JF. (1998). Low-level lead-induced neurotoxicity in children: an update on central nervous system effects. Brain Res Rev 27:168–176
- Gamborino MJ, Sevilla-Romero E, Munoz A, et al. (2001). Role of thyroid hormone in craniofacial and eye development using a rat model. Ophthalmic Res 33:283–291
- Gijón E, Montoya M, Gallegos ME, et al. (2006). Neuromotor development in progeny of rats from lead-drinking mothers during pregnancy and lactation. P W Pharmacol Soc 49:89–91
- Gottlieb A, Keydar I, Epstein HT. (1977). Rodent brain growth stages: an analytical review. Biol Neonate 32:166–176
- Grant LD, Kimmel CA, West GL, et al. (1980). Chronic low level lead toxicity in the rat. II. Effects of postnatal physical and behavioral development. Toxicol Appl Pharm 56:42–58
- Heidmets LT, Zharkovsky T, Jurgenson M, et al. (2006). Early postnatal, low-level lead exposure increases the number of PSA-NCAM expressing cells in the dentate gyrus of adult rat hippocampus. Neurotoxicology 27:39–43
- Henry F. (2003). International environmental health for the pediatrician: case study of lead poisoning. Pediatrics 112:259–264
- Hermans RH, Hunter DE, McGivern RF, et al. (1992). Behavioral sequelae in young rats of acute intermittent antenatal hypoxia. Neurotoxicol Teratol 14:119–129
- Jaako-Movits K, Zharkovsky T, Romantchik O, et al. (2005). Developmental lead exposure impairs contextual fear conditioning and reduces adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the rat brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 23:627–635
- Johan L, Agneta O, Lars O, et al. (1992). Postnatal lead exposure affects motor skills and exploratory behavior in rats. Environ Res 58:236–252
- Kellog C, Tervo D, Ison J, et al. (1980). Prenatal exposure to diazepam alters behavioral development in rats. Science 207:205–207
- Kuruvilla A, Pillay VV, Venkatesh T, et al. (2004). Portable lead analyzer to locate source of lead. Ind J Pediatr 71:495–499
- Livesey DJ, Dawson RG, Livesey PJ, et al. (1986). Lead retention in blood and brain after preweaning lowlevel lead exposure in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Be 25:1089–1094
- Loch RK, Rafales LS, Michaelson IA, et al. (1978). The role of undernutrition in animal models of hyperactivity. Life Sci 22:1963–1970
- Luthman J, Oskarsson A, Olson L, et al. (1992). Postnatal lead exposure affects motor skills and exploratory behavior in rats. Environ Res 58:236–252
- Mauritz KH, Dichgans J, Hufschmidt A. (1979). Quantitative analysis of stance in late cortical cerebellar atrophy of the anterior lobe and other forms of cerebellar ataxia. Brain 102:461–482
- McClain RM, Becker BA. (1972). Effects of organolead compounds on rat embryonic and fetal development. Toxicol Appl Pharm 21:265–274
- Mello CF, Kraemaer CK, Filipin A, et al. (1998). Effect of Lead Acetate on Neurobehaviuoral Development of Rats. Braz J Med Biol Res 31:943–950
- Michaelson IA. (1980). An appraisal of rodent studies on the behavioral toxicity of lead: the role of nutritional status. In: Singhal RL, Thomas JA, eds. Lead toxicity. Baltimore: Urban and Schwarzenberg, 301–366
- Mostafa GA, El-Shahawi HH, Mokhtar A. (2009). Blood lead levels in Egyptian children from high and low lead-polluted areas: impact on cognitive function. Acta Neurol Scand 120:30–37
- Motz B, Alberts J. (2005). The validity and utility of geotaxis in young rodents. Neurotoxicol Teratol 27:529–533
- Oberto A, Marks N, Evans HL, et al. (1996). Lead promote apoptosis in newborn rat cerebellar neurons: pathological implications. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 279:435–442
- Pellis VC, Pellis SM, Teitelbaum P. (1991). A descriptive analysis of the postnatal development of contact-righting in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Dev Psychobiol 24:237–263
- Pinazo-Durán MD, Pons-Vázquez S, Gallego-Pinazo R, et al. (2011). Thyroid hormone deficiency disrupts rat eye neurodevelopment. Brain Res 1392:16–26
- Ramnani N, Toni I, Passingham RE, et al. (2001). The cerebellum and parietal cortex play a specific role in coordination: a PET study. NeuroImage 14:899–911
- Raymond JL, Lisberger SG, Mauk MD. (1996). The cerebellum: a neural learning machine? Science 272:1126–1131.
- Regan CM. (1993). Neural cell adhesion molecules, neuronal development and lead toxicity. Neurotoxicology 14:69–76
- Reiter LW, Anderson GE, Laskey JW, et al. (1975). Developmental and behavioral changes in the rat during chronic exposure to lead. Environ Health Persp 12:119–123
- Ricceri L, Venerosi A, Capone F, et al. (2006). Developmental neurotoxicity of organophosphorous pesticides: fetal and neonatal exposure to chlorpyrifos alters sex-specific behaviors at adulthood in mice. Toxicol Sci 93:105–113
- Rice D, Barone S Jr. (2000). Critical periods of vulnerability for the developing nervous system: evidence from humans and animal models. Environ Health Persp 108:511–533
- Riess JA, Needleman HL. (1992). Cognitive, neural, behavioral effects of low-level lead exposure. In: Isaacson RL, Jensen KF, eds. The vulnerable brain and environmental risks, vol. 2: Toxins in Food. NY: Plenum Press, 111–126
- Rosenblum WI, Johnson MG. (1968). Neuropathologic changes produced in suckling mice by adding lead to the maternal diet. Arch Pathol 85:640–648
- Salas M. (1972). Effects of early malnutrition on the development of swimming ability in the rat. Physiol Behav 8:119–122
- Satcher DS. (2000). The Surgeon General on the continuing tragedy of childhood lead poisoning. Public Health Rep 115:579–580
- Schapiro S, Salas M, Vukovich K. (1970). Hormonal effects on ontogeny of swimming ability in the rat: assessment of central nervous system development. Science 168:147–150
- Schmahmann JD. (2004). Disorders of the cerebellum: ataxia, dysmetria of thought, and the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. J Neuropsych Clin N 16:367–378
- Secher T, Novitskaia V, Berezin V, et al. (2006). A neural cell adhesion molecule-derived fibroblast growth factor receptor agonist, the FGL-peptide, promotes early postnatal sensorimotor development and enhances social memory retention. Neuroscience 141:1289–1299
- Shallie PD, Adefule AK, Akpan HB, et al. (2010). Lead toxicity and some subsets of motor skill: comparative evaluation of adult and prenatally exposed rats. J Neurosci Behav Health 2:23–29
- Smart JL, Dobbing J. (1971). Vulnerability of developing brain. II. Effects of early nutritional deprivation on reflex ontogeny and development of behavior in the rat. Brain Res 28:85–95
- Stein JF, Glickstein M. (1992). Role of the cerebellum in visual guidance of movement. Physiol Rev 72:967–1017
- Tchekalarova J, Kubova H, Mares P. (2005). Postnatal caffeine exposure: effects on motor skills and locomotor activity during ontogenesis. Behav Brain Res 160:99–106
- Toscano CD, Guilarte TR. (2005). Lead neurotoxicity: from exposure to molecular effects. Brain Res Rev 49:529–554
- Yara MRM, Lilianna BDR, Márcia CC, et al. (2007). Behavioral impairments related to lead-induced developmental neurotoxicity in chicks. Arch Toxicol 82:445–445
- Yu J, Eidelberg E. (1983). Recovery of locomotor function in cats after localized cerebellar lesions. Brain Res 273:121–131
- Zheng W, Lu YM, Lu GY, et al. (2001). Transthyretin, thyroxine, and retinol-binding protein in human cerebrospinal fluid: effect of lead exposure. Toxicol Sci 61:107–114