References
- Ackerman S, McGuire G, Fulgham D L., Alexander N J. An evaluation of a commercially available assay for the detection of antisperm antibodies. Feitil Steril 1988; 49: 732–734
- ACOG. Perinatal viral and parasitic infections. ACOG Technical Bulletin 1988; 114: 1–6
- AMA. American Medical Association; Council on Scientific Affairs: Autologous blood transfusions. JAMA 1986; 256: 2378–2380
- Anderson D J., Hill J. CD4 (4+) lymphocytes in semen of healthy heterosexual men: Implications for the transmission of AIDS. Fertil Steril 1987; 45: 703–705
- Balfour C L., Balfour H, Jr. Cytomegalovirus is not an occupational risk for nurses in renal transplant and neonatal units: Results of a prospective surveillance study. JAMA 1986; 256: 1909–1914
- Berensen M W., Takafuji E, Lemon S, et al. Oocyst-transmitted toxoplasmosis associated with ingestion of contaminated water. N Engl J Med 1982; 307: 666–669
- Brazin S A., Simkovich J, Johnson W. Herpes zoster during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1979; 53: 175–181
- Bronson R, Cooper G, Rosenfeld D. Sperm antibodies: Their role in infertility. Fertil Steril 1984; 42: 171–177
- Castro K G., Hardy A, Curran J. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Epidemiology and risk factors for transmission AIDS and Other Medical Problems in the Male Homosexual 1986; 70: 635–649
- Centers for Disease Control. Chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria in West Africa. MMWR 1987; 36: 13–14
- Centers for Disease Control. Varicella-zoster immune globulin for the prevention of chickenpox. MMWR 1984; 33: 84–90
- Chandler S H., Alexander E, Holmes K. Epidemiology of cytomegaloviral infection in a heterogeneous population of pregnant women. J Infect Dis 1985; 152: 249–256
- Chowdhury A R. Effect of pharmacological agents on male reproduction. Adv Contr Del Syst 1987; 3: 347–351
- Christiansen C, Black F, Freundt S. Hybridization experiments with deoxyribonucleic acid from ureaplasma urealyticum serovars I to VIII. Int J Syst Bac 1981; 31: 259–263
- Close C E., Wang S P., Roberts P L., Berger R E. The relationship of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis to the parameters of male fertility and sperm autoimmunity. Fertil Steril 1988; 48: 880–883
- Deinhardt F, Eberle J, Gurtler L. Sensitivity and specificity of eight commercial and one recombinant anti-HIV E tests (Letter). Lancet 1987; i: 40
- Advances in Immunohistochemistry, R A. DeLillis. Raven, New York 1988
- Dworsky M, Yow M, Stagno S, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection in breast milk and transmission in infancy. Pediatrics 1983; 72: 295–299
- Eddy F M. The Spermatozoa. The physiology of reproduction, E Knobel, J D. Neill. Raven, New York 1988; Vol I, Chap. 2
- Fa C P., Ling W W., Yuan L D., Fei W Y., Qun W Z. Immunosuppression and susceptibility for HIV: Immunosuppressive effects of seminal plasma of humans and mice. Arch AIDS Res 1987; 1: 34
- Fisher A A. Contact Dermatitis. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1988
- Freundt E A. Mycoplasma hominis: Historical outline and taxonomy. Sex Trans Dis 1983; 10: 226
- Friberg J, Gleicher N, Suarez M, Confine E. Chlamydia attached to spermatozoa. J Infect Dis 1985; 152: 854
- Garcia A G., Pereira J, Vidigal N, et al. Intrauterine infection with mumps virus. Obstet Gynecol 1980; 56: 756–759
- Gartner S, Markovits P, Markovits D M., Kaplan M H., Gallo R C., Popovic M. The role of mononuclear phagocytes in HTLV-III/LAV infection. Science 1986; 233: 215–219
- Goldmier D. Proctitis. Clinical Problems of STD, D Taylor-Robinson. Martinus Nijhoff, Boston 1985
- Guyader M, Emerman M, Sonigo P, Clavel F, Montagnier L, Alizon M. Genome organization and transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus type II. Nature 1987; 326: 662–669
- Hafez E SE, Arias E. Andrology and HIV/ARC/STD/IV-ET. (Monogr Series) Arch AIDS Res 1988; 2: 104–310
- Hedrick S M., Engel I, McElligott D L., et al. Selection of amino acid sequences in the beta chain of the T cell antigen receptor. Science 1988; 239: 1541–1544
- Hildemann W H. Essentials of Immunology. Elsevier, New York 1984
- Ho D D., Schooley R T., Rota T R., et al. HTLV-III in semen and blood of a healthy homosexual man. Science 1984; 226: 451–453
- Ho D D., Pomerantz R, Kaplan J. Pathogenesis of infection with human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med 1987; 317: 278–283
- Jenison S A., Lemon S M., Baker L N., Newbold J E. Quantitative analysis of hepatitis B virus DNA in saliva and semen of chronically infected homosexual men. J Infect Dis 1987; 156: 229–307
- Jones J F., Ray G, Fulginiti V. Perinatal mumps infection. J Pediatr 1980; 96: 912–914
- Landsberger E, Hager J W., Grossman J, III. Successful management of varicella pneumonia complicating pregnancy: A report of three cases. J Reprod Med 1986; 31: 311–314
- Langlois A J., Matthews T J., Weinhold K J., Chaffee S, Hershfield M, Bolognesi D P. Detection of HIV-I neutralizing antibodies by a simple, rapid, colorimetric assay. AIDS Res Hum Retrov 1988; 4: 63–70
- LeFaou A E., Clavert A. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis antigens in semen by an enzyme immunosorbent assay. Arch AIDS Res 1987; 1: 35–42
- Lobel H O., Campbell C, Pappaioanou M, et al. Use of prophylaxis for malaria by American travelers to Africa and Haiti. JAMA 1987; 257: 2626–2627
- Mardh P A., Colleens S, Sylwan J. Inhibitory effect on the formation of chlamydial inclusions in McCoy cells by seminal fluid and some of its components. Invest Urol 1980; 17: 510–513
- Mitchell N, Spector D, Mavromara-Nazos P, Kristie T M., Roizman B. The DNA-binding properties of the major regulatory protein alpha-4 of herpes simplex viruses. Science 1988; 239: 1531–1534
- Moore D E., Spadoni L R. Infertility in women. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, K K. Holmes, P A. Mardh, P F. Sparling, P J. Wisner. McGraw Hill, New York 1984; 763–773
- Moss T R., Nicholls A, Viercant P, Gregson S, Hawkswell J. Chlamydia trachomatis infertility. Lancet 1986; ii: 281–282
- Nara P L., Hatch W C., Dunlop N M., et al. Simple, rapid, quantitative, syncytium-forming microassay for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus neutralizing antibody. AIDS Res Hum Retrov 1987; 3: 283–301
- Paryani S G., Arvin A. Intrauterine infection with varicella zoster virus after maternal varicella. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 1542–1546
- Pass R F., Little E, Stagno S, et al. Young children as a probable source of maternal and congenital cytomegalovirus infection. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 136–137
- Pass R F., Stagno S, Myers G, et al. Outcome of symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection: Results of long-term longitudinal follow up. Pediatrics 1980; 66: 758–762
- Peterman T A., Cates W, Jr, Curran J W. The challenge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in women and children. Fertil Steril 1988; 49: 571–581
- Peterman T A., Curran J W. Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. JAMA 1986; 256: 2222–2226
- RNA. Tumor Viruses. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 1985; Vol 2
- Rodman T C., Laurence J, Pruslin F, Chiorazzi N, Winston R. Naturally occurring antibodies reactive with sperm proteins: Apparent deficiency in AIDS sera. Science 1985; 91: 495–503
- Rustgi V K., Hoofnagle J F., Gerin J L., et al. Hepatitis B virus infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1984; 101: 795–797
- Schorr J B., Berkowitz A, Cumming P D., Katz A J., Sandier S G. Prevalence of HTLV-III antibody in American blood donors. N Engl J Med 1985; 313: 384
- Schreeder M T., Thompson S E., Hadler S C., et al. Hepatitis B in homosexual men: Prevalence of infection and factors related to transmission. J Infect Dis 1982; 146: 7–15
- Sever J L. Perinatal infections affecting the development fetus and newborn. The Prevention of Mental Retardation through Control of Infectious Diseases, H Eichenwald. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland 1968; 37–68, Public Health Service Publication No. 1692;
- Sever J L. TORCH tests and what they mean. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 152: 495–498
- Sever J L., Hardy J, Nelson K., et al. Rubella in the collaborative perinatal research study II. Clinical and laboratory findings in children through 3 years of age. Am J Dis Child 1969; 118: 123–132
- Sherman J K. Frozen semen: Efficiency in artificial insemination and advantage in testing for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Fertil Steril 1987; 47: 19–21
- Southern E M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol 1975; 98: 503–517
- Stagno S, Pass R, Cloud G, et al. Primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: Incidence, transmission to fetus, and clinical outcome. JAMA 1986; 256: 1904–1908
- Teutsch S M., Juranek D, Sulzer A, et al. Epidemic toxoplasmosis associated with infected cats. N Engl J Med 1979; 300: 695–699
- Weber J. The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Clinical Problems in Sexually Transmitted Diseases, D Taylor-Robinson. Martinus Nijhoff, Boston 1985
- Witkins S S., Toth A. Relationship between genital tract infections, sperm antibodies in seminal fluid, and infertility. Fertil Steril 1983; 40: 805–815
- WHO: World Health Organization. Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Semen-Cervical Mucus Interaction, M Belsey, R Eliasson, A Gallegos, K Moghissi, C Paulsen, M Proasad. Press Concern, Singapore 1981; 18
- WHO Working Group, Meeting Report. WHO Working Group on Characterizations of HIV-related Retroviruses: Criteria for characterization and proposal for a nomenclature system. AIDS Res Hum Retrov 1987; 3: 241–243, AIDS 1, 189–190
- Wolff H, Anderson D J. Potential human immunodeficiency virus-host cells in human semen. AIDS Res Hum Retrov 1988; 4: 1–2
- Wong-Staal F, Chanda P, Grayeb J. Human immunodeficiency virus: One-eighth gene. AIDS Res Hum Retrov 1987; 33: 33–39
- Zagury D, Bernard J, Leibowitch J, et al. HTLV-III in cells cultured from semen of two patients with AIDS. Science 1984; 226: 449–451