REFERENCES
- Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C, Llorca J, Hajeer AH, Branas F, Dababneh A, González-Louzao C, Rodriguez-Gil E, Rodríguez-Ledo P, Ollier WE. Visual manifestations of giant cell arteritis. Trends and clinical spectrum in 161 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2000;79:283–292.
- Hayreh SS, Podhajsky PA, Zimmerman B. Ocular manifestations of giant cell arteritis. Am J Ophthalmol 1998;125:509–520.
- Danesh-Meyer H, Savino PJ, Gamble GG. Poor prognosis of visual outcome after visual loss from giant cell arteritis. Ophthalmology 2005;112:1098–1103.
- Liu GT, Glaser JS, Schatz NJ, Smith JL. Visual morbidity in giant cell arteritis. Clinical characteristics and prognosis for vision. Ophthalmology 1994;101:1779–1785.
- Chan CC, Paine M, O’Day J. Steroid management in giant cell arteritis. Br J Ophthalmol 2001;85:1061–1064
- Foroozan R, Deramo VA, Buono LM, Jayamanne DG, Sergott RC, Danesh-Meyer H, Savino PJ. Recovery of visual function in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. Ophthalmology 2003;110:539–542
- Matzkin DC, Slamovits TL, Sachs R, Burde RM. Visual recovery in two patients after intravenous methylprednisolone treatment of central retinal artery occlusion secondary to giant-cell arteritis. Ophthalmology 1992;99:68–71.
- Lipton RB, Solomon S, Wertenbaker C. Gradual loss and recovery of vision in temporal arteritis. Arch Intern Med 1985;145:2252–2253.
- Saha N, Rehman SU. Reversal of chronic ocular ischaemia with good visual recovery in giant cell arteritis. Eye (Lond) 2006;20:742–743.
- Schneider HA, Weber AA, Ballen PH. The visual prognosis in temporal arteritis. Ann Ophthalmol 1971;3:1215–1218
- Keltner JL. Giant-cell arteritis. Signs and symptoms. Ophthalmology 1982;89:1101–1110.
- Weyand CM, Bartley GB. Giant cell arteritis: new concepts in pathogenesis and implications for management. Am J Ophthalmol 1997;123:392–395.
- Ly KH, Regent A, Tamby MC, Mouthon L. Pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis: more than just an inflammatory condition? Autoimmun Rev 2010;9:635–645.
- Danesh-Meyer H. Giant cell arteritis: managing the ophthalmic medical emergency. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2003;31:173–175
- Brack A, Rittner HL, Younge BR, Kaltschmidt C, Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Glucocorticoid-mediated repression of cytokine gene transcription in human arteritis-SCID chimeras. J Clin Invest 1997;99:2842–2850.
- Hayreh SS, Zimmerman B. Visual deterioration in giant cell arteritis patients while on high doses of corticosteroid therapy. Ophthalmology 2003;110:1204–1215.
- Bogousslavsky J, Caplan LR. Stroke Syndromes. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
- Levesque H, Cailleux N, Courtois H. On the necessity of anticoagulant therapy during the initial phase of steroid treatment in giant cell arteritis. Eur J Med 1993;2:186–187.
- Galetta SL. Vasculitis. In: Miller NR, editor. Walsh and Hoyt’s Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1998;3755–3782.
- Lee MS, Smith SD, Galor A, Hoffman GS. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in patients with giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 2006;54:3306–3309.
- Nesher G, Berkun Y, Mates M, Baras M, Rubinow A, Sonnenblick M. Low-dose aspirin and prevention of cranial ischemic complications in giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:1332–1337.
- Buono LM, Foroozan R, de Virgiliis M, Savino PJ. Heparin therapy in giant cell arteritis. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:298–301
- 23.Galor A, Lee MS. Slowly progressive vision loss in giant cell arteritis. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124:416–418.
- Attanasio M, Gori AM, Giusti B, Pepe G, Comeglio P, Brunelli T, Prisco D, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Neri Serneri GG. Cytokine gene expression in human LPS- and IFNgamma-stimulated mononuclear cells is inhibited by heparin. Thromb Haemost 1998;79:959–962
- Ranjbaran H, Wang Y, Manes TD, Yakimov AO, Akhtar S, Kluger MS, Pober JS, Tellides G. Heparin displaces interferon-gamma-inducible chemokines (IP-10, I-TAC, and MIG) sequestered in the vasculature and inhibits the transendothelial migration and arterial recruitment of T cells. Circulation 2006;114:1293–1300.