Choroidal Thickening in Patients with Sleep Apnea Syndrome

References

• Banno K, Kryger MH. Sleep apnea: clinical investigations in humans. Sleep Med 2007;8:400–426
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhillon S, Shapiro CM, Flanagan J. Sleep-disordered breathing and effects on ocular health. Can J Ophthalmol 2007;42:238–243
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schulz R, Schmidt D, Blum A, Lopes-Ribeiro X, Lucke C, Mayer K, Olschewski H, Seeger W, Grimminger F. Decreased plasma levels of nitric oxide derivatives in obstructive sleep apnoea: response to CPAP therapy. Thorax 2000;55:1046–1051
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fletcher EC. The relationship between systemic hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea: facts and theory. Am J Med 1995;98:118–128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noori J, Riazi Esfahani M, Hajizadeh F, Zaferani MM. Choroidal mapping; a novel approach for evaluating choroidal thickness and volume. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2012;7:180–185
   Google Scholar
• Nickla DL, Wallman J. The multifunctional choroid. Prog Retin Eye Res 2010;29:144–168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sızmaz S, Küçükerdönmez C, Pinarci EY, Karalezli A, Canan H, Yilmaz G. The effect of smoking on choroidal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography. Br J Ophthalmol 2013;97:601–604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruko I, Iida T, Sugano Y, Ojima A, Sekiryu T. Subfoveal choroidal thickness in fellow eyes of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy. Retina 2011;31:1603–1608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruko I, Iida T, Sugano Y, Ojima A, Ogasawara M, Spaide RF. Subfoveal choroidal thickness after treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmology 2010;117:1792–1979
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fong AH, Li KK, Wong D. Choroidal evaluation using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Retina 2011;31:502–509
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruko I, Iida T, Sugano Y, Oyamada H, Sekiryu T, Fujiwara T, Spaide RF. Subfoveal choroidal thickness after treatment of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Retina 2011;31:510–517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujiwara T, Imamura Y, Margolis R, Slakter JS, Spaide RF. Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography of the choroid in highly myopic eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 2009;148:445–450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manjunath V, Goren J, Fujimoto JG, Duker JS. Analysis of choroidal thickness in age-related macular degeneration using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 2011;152:663–668
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spaide RF. Age-related choroidal atrophy. Am J Ophthalmol 2009;147:801–810
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Usui S, Ikuno Y, Miki A, Matsushita K, Yasuno Y, Nishida K. Evaluation of the choroidal thickness using high-penetration optical coherence tomography with long wavelength in highly myopic normal-tension glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2012;153:10–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirata M, Tsujikawa A, Matsumoto A, Hangai M, Ooto S, Yamashiro K, Akiba M, Yoshimura N. Macular choroidal thickness and volume in normal subjects measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:4971–4978
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iber C, Ancoli-Israel S, Chesson A, Quan SF. The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications. 1st ed. Westchester, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2007
   Google Scholar
• American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force. Sleep related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research: the report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine Task Force. Sleep 1999;22:667–689
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linsenmeier RA, Braun RD. Oxygen distribution and consumption in the cat retina during normoxia and hypoxia. J Gen Physiol 1992;99:177–197
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone RA, Kuwayama Y, Laties AM. Regulatory peptides in the eye. Experentia 1987;43:791–800 21
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bill A. Effects of some neuropeptides on the uvea. Exp. Eye Res 1991;53:3–11
   Google Scholar
• Shiragami C, Shiraga F, Matsuo T, Tsuchida Y, Ohtsuki H. Risk factors for diabetic choroidopathy in patients withndiabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2002; 240:436–442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourke K, Patel MR, Prisant LM, Marcus DM. Hypertensive choroidopathy. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2004;6:471–472
   Google Scholar
• Regatieri CV, Branchini L, Carmody J, Fujimoto JG, Duker JS. Choroidal thickness in patients with diabetic retinopathy analyzed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Retina 2012;32:563–568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steigerwalt RD Jr, Laurora G, Incandela L, Cesarone MR, Belcaro GV, De Sanctis MT. Ocular and orbital blood flow in cigarette smokers. Retina 2000;20:394–397
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamaki Y, Araie M, Nagahara M, Tomita K, Matsubara M. The acute effects of cigarette smoking on human optic nerve head and posterior fundus circulation in light smokers. Eye 2000;14:67–72
   Google Scholar
• Stefánsson E, Pedersen DB, Jensen PK, la Cour M, Kiilgaard JF, Bang K, Eysteinsson T. Optic nerve oxygenation. Prog Retin Eye Res 2005;24:307–332
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narkiewicz K, Somers VK. Sympathetic nerve activity in obstructive sleep apnoea. Acta Physiol Scand 2003;177:385–390
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Berry RB, Gleeson K. Respiratory arousal from sleep: mechanism and significance. Sleep 1997;20:654–675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith RP, Veale D, Pepin JL, Levy PA. Obstructive sleep apnoea and the autonomic nervous system. Sleep Med Rev 1998;2:69–92
   Google Scholar
• Fletcher EC. The relationship between systemic hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea: facts and theory. Am J Med 1995;98:118–128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao X, Nelesen RA, Loredo JS, Dimsdale JE, Ziegler MG. Blood pressure variability in obstructive sleep apnea: role of sympathetic nervous activity and effect of continuous positive airway pressure. Blood Press Monit 2002;7:301–307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips BG, Narkiewicz K, Pesek CA, Haynes WG, Dyken ME, Somers VK. Effects of obstructive sleep apnea on endothelin-1 and blood pressure. J Hypertens 1999;17:61–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li XQ, Larsen M, Munch IC. Subfoveal choroidal thickness in relation to sex and axial length in 93 Danish university students. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:8438–8441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karaca EE, Ozdek S, Yalçin NG, Ekici F. Reproducibility of choroidal thickness measurements in healthy Turkish subjects. Eur J Ophthalmol 2013 Aug 9 [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.5301/ejo.5000351.
   Google Scholar
• Shin JW, Shin YU, Cho HY, Lee BR. Measurement of choroidal thickness in normal eyes using 3D OCT-1000 spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Korean J Ophthalmol 2012;26:255–259
   Google Scholar
• Tan CS, Ouyang Y, Ruiz H, Sadda SR. Diurnal variation of choroidal thickness in normal, healthy subjects measured by spectral domain opticalcoherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:261–266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chau EH, Lam D, Wong J, Mokhlesi B, Chung F. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and perioperative considerations. Anesthesiology 2012;117:188–205
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim DY, Silverman RH, Chan RV, Khanifar AA, Rondeau M, Lloyd H, Schlegel P, Coleman DJ. Measurement of choroidal perfusion and thickness following systemic sildenafil (Viagra(®). Acta Ophthalmol 2013;91:183–188
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang SJ, Han YH, Song GI, Lee CH, Sohn SW. Changes of choroidal thickness, intraocular pressure and other optical coherence tomographic parameters after haemodialysis. Clin Exp Optom 2013;96(5):494–9
   Google Scholar
• Strobbe E, Cellini M, Campos EC. Aqueous flare and choroidal thickness in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a pilot study. Ophthalmology 2013 Jun 3 [Epub ahead of print]. pii: S0161-6420(13)00325-4
   Google Scholar
• Spraul CW, Lang GE, Grossniklaus HE, Lang GK. Histologic and morphometric analysis of the choroid, Bruch’s membrane, and retinal pigment epithelium in postmortem eyes with age-related macular degeneration and histologic examination of surgically excised choroidal neovascular membranes. Surv Ophthalmol 1999;44:10–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar