Unilateral paralysis of conjugate gaze due to lesion of the abducens nucleus Clinico-pathological case report

References

• Baker R., Highstein S. M. Physiological identification of interneurons and motoneurons in the adducens nucleus. Brain Res. 1975; 91: 292–298
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bender M. B., Shanzer S. Oculomotor pathways defined by electrical stimulation and lesions in the brainstem of the monkey. The Oculomotor System, M. B. Bender. Harper & Row, New York 1964
   Google Scholar
• Bennett H., Savill TH. A case of permanent conjugate deviation of the eyes and head, the result of a lesion limited to the sixth nucleus; with remarks on associated lateral movements of the eyeballs, and rotation of the head and neck. Brain 1889; 12: 102–116
   Google Scholar
• Bienfang D. C. The course of direct projections from the abducens nucleus to the contralateral medial rectus subdivision of the oculomotor nucleus in the cat. Brain Res. 1978; 145: 277–289
   Google Scholar
• Blocq P., Guinon G. Sur un cas de paralysie conjugée de la sixième paire. Arch. méd. exp. Anat. Path. (Paris) 1891; 3: 74–89
   Google Scholar
• Bottner-Ennever J. A., Akert K. Medial rectus subgroups of the oculomotor nucleus and their abducens internuclear input in the monkey. J. comp. Neurol. 1981; 197: 17–27
   Google Scholar
• Büttner-Ennever J. A., Henn V. An autoradiographic study of the pathways from the pontine reticular formation involved in horizontal eye movements. Brain Res. 1976; 108: 155–164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter M. B. Central oculomotor pathways. The Control of Eye Movements, P. Bach-y-Rita, C. C. Collins, J. E. Hyde. Academic Press, New York 1971
   Google Scholar
• Carpenter M. B., McMasters R. E., Hanna G. R. Disturbances of conjugate horizontal eye movements in the monkey. I. Physiological effects and anatomical degeneration resulting from lesions of the abducens nucleus and nerve. Arch. Neurol. 1963; 8: 231–247
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen B., Komatsuzaki A., Bender M. B. Electrooculographic syndrome in monkeys after pontine reticular formation lesions. Arch. Neurol. 1968; 18: 78–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delgado-Garcia J., Baker R., Highstein S. M. The activity of internuclear neurons identified within the abducens nucleus of the alert cat. Control of Gaze by Brain Stem Neurons. Developments in Neuroscience, R. Baker, A. Berthoz. North-Holland/Elsevier, Amsterdam 1977; Vol. I: 291–300
   Google Scholar
• Despine A., Démole V. Tubercules de la protubérance. Arch. med. Enf (Paris) 1917; 20: 355–359
   Google Scholar
• Garel J. Nouveau fait de paralysie de la sixitème paire avec deviation conjugée dans un cas d'hémiptégie alterne. Rev. Méd. (Paris) 1882; 2: 593–599
   Google Scholar
• Goebel H. H., Komatsuzaki A., Bender M. B., Cohen B. Lesions of the pontine tegmentum and conjugate gaze paralysis. Arch. Neurol. 1971; 24: 431–440
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Graybiel A. M. Direct and indirect preoculomotor pathways of the brainstem: An autoradiographic study of the pontine reticular formation in the cat. J. romp. Neurol. 1977; 175: 37–78
   Google Scholar
• Graybiel A. M., Hartwieg E. A. Some afferent connections of the oculomotor complex in the cat: An experimental study with tracer techniques. Brain Res. 1974; 81: 543–551
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henn V., Büttner U., Büttner-Ennever J. Supranukleäre Störungen der Okulomotorik -physiologische und anatomische Grundlagen. Disorders of Ocular Motility, Neurophysiological and Clinical Aspects, G. Kommerell. J. F. Bergmann, Munich (FRG) 1978
   Google Scholar
• Highstein S. M., Baker R. Excitatory termination of abducens internuclear neurons on medial rectus motoneurons: Relationship to syndrome of internuclear ophthalmoplegia. J. Neurophysiol. 1978; 41: 1647–1661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeger J., Henn V., Lang W., Miles T. S., Waespe W. Vestibular unit activity in monkeys with horizontal gaze palsy. Progress in Oculomotor Research, A. L. Fuchs, W. Becker. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1981
   Google Scholar
• Jung R., Kornhuber H. H. Results of electronystagmography in man: The value of optokineticvestibular, and spontaneous nystagmus for neurologic disease and research. The Oculomotor System, M. B. Bender. Harper & Row, New York 1964
   Google Scholar
• Kommerell G. Clinical clues for the organization of horizontal quick eye movements and subsequent periods of fixation. 3. Horizontal gaze palsy. Basic Mechanisms of Ocular Motility and their Clinical Implications, G. Lennerstrand, P. Bach-y-Rita. Pergamon Press, Oxford 1975
   Google Scholar
• Maciewicz R. J., Spencer R. F. Oculomotor and abducens internuclear pathways in the cat. Control of Gaze by Brain Stem Neurons. Developments in Neuroscience, R. Baker, A. Berthoz. North Holland/Elsevier, Amsterdam 1977; Vol. I: 99–108
   Google Scholar
• Pierrot-Deseilligny C., Prier S., Masson M., Cambier J. Enregistrement des mouvements oculaires chez I'homme lors de lésions unilatérales de la formation réticulaire pontine paramédiane. Contribution à la physiologie du regard latéral à partir de deux observations. Rev. Neurol. (Paris) 1978; 134: 355–366
   Google Scholar
• Pierrot-Deseilligny C., Chain F., Gray F., Escourolle R., Castaigne P. Paralysies supranucléaires de la latéralité d'origine protubérantielle. A propos de deux observations anatomo-cliniques avec enregistrements électro-oculographiques et électromyographiques. Rev. Neurol. 1979; 135: 741–762
   Google Scholar
• Steiger H. J., Buttner-Ennever J. Relationship between motoneurons and internuclear neurons in the abducens nucleus: A double retrograde tracer study in the cat. Brain Res. 1978; 148: 181–188
   Google Scholar
• Wernicke C. Ein Fall von Ponserkrankuna. Arch. Psychiat. 1877; 7: 513–538
   Google Scholar