History of optokinetic nystagmus

References

• Adler B., Collewijn H., Curio G., Grosser O. J., Pause M., Schreiter U., Weiss L. (1981) Sigma-movement and sigma-nystagmus: A new tool to investigate the gaze pursuit system and visual-movement perception in man and monkey. Vestibular and Oculomotor Physiology. International Meeting of the Bárány Society. 1981, B. Cohen. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., New York, 374: 284–302
   Google Scholar
• Babinski J. E., Weill G. A. Mouvements réactionelles ď origine vestibulaire et mouvements contre-réactionelles. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances et Mémoires de la Société de Biologie. Masson, Paris 1913; 12: 98–100
   Google Scholar
• Bárány R. Untersuchungen Über den vom Vestibularapparat des Ohres reflektorisch ausgelosten rhythmi-schen Nystagmus und seine Begleiterscheinungen. Mschr. Ohrenheilk 1906; 43: 291–291
   Google Scholar
• Bárány R. Die Untersuchung der reflektorischen vestibularen und optischen Augenbewegungen und ihre Bedeutung für die topische Diagnostik der Augenmuskellahmungen. Miinch. med. Wschr 1907; 54: 1072–1075; 1132–1135, 54
   Google Scholar
• Bárány R. Die Untersuchungen der optischen und vestibuleären reflektorischen Augenbewegungen in einem Falle einseitiger Blicklahmung. Mschr. Ohrenheilk 1908; 42: 109–113
   Google Scholar
• Bárány R. Zur Klinik und Theorie des Eisenbahn-Nystagmus. Arch. Augenheilk 1921a; 87: 139–142
   Google Scholar
• Bárány R. Optischer Nystagmus und Eisenbahnnystagmus. Erklarung fur das von mir beobachtete Auftreten eines der Norm entgegengesetzten Nystagmus bei Prilfung des Eisenbahnnystagmus. Upsala Läk.-Fören. Förh 1921b; 26: 1
   Google Scholar
• Bárány R. Zur Klinik und Theorie des Eisenbahnnystagmus. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.) 1922; 3: 260–265
   Google Scholar
• Barlow H. B., Hill R. M. Selective sensitivity to direction of movement in ganglion cells of the rabbit retina. Science 1963; 139: 412–414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlow H. B., Hill R. M., Levick W. R. Retinal ganglion cells responding electively to direction and speed of image motion in the rabbit. J Physiol 1964; 173: 211–401
   Google Scholar
• Bartels M. Aufgaben der vergleichenden Physiologie der Augenbewegungen. Arch. f. Ophthal 1920; 101: 299–332
   Google Scholar
• Bart1sch G. V.K. Ophthalmologic. M. Stockel, Dresden 1583; 176
   Google Scholar
• Bauer J., Leidler R. Oner den Einfluss der Ausschaltung verschiedener Hirnabschnittc auf die vestibuleären Augenreflexe. Arch. Neurol. Inst. Wien. Univ. 19, 155: 1911–1912
   Google Scholar
• Bell C. On the Motions of the Eye. Phil. Trans. Royal Sot., London 1823; 166–186
   Google Scholar
• Bell C. The Nervous System of the Human Body. Duff Green, Washington, D.C. 1833
   Google Scholar
• Bender M. B., Pasik P., Pasik T., Rudolph S. H. Vertical gaze: Clinical and experimental considerations with particular reference to oblique movements. Neuro-Ophthalmology (Amsterdam) 1980; 7: 79–94
   Google Scholar
• Bender M. B., Shanzer S. Oculomotor pathways defined by electric stimulation and lesions in the brainstem of the monkey. The Oculomotor System, M. B. Bender. Hoebcr, New York 1964; 81–140
   Google Scholar
• Bender M. B., Shanzer S., Bynum W. F. History of Binocular Movements in Historical Aspects of the Ncuroscienccs, C. F. Rose. Raven Press, New York 1980; 45–54
   Google Scholar
• Bergman P. S., Nathanson M., Bender M. B. Electrical recordings of normal and abnormal eye movements modified by drugs. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chicago) 1952; 67: 357–374
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bielschowsky A. Die Lähmungen der Augenmuskeln. Graefe-Saemisch Handbuch der Gesamlen Augenheilkunde. Springer, Berlin 1932; 557
   Google Scholar
• Björk A. The electromyogram of the extraocular muscles in optokinetic nystagmus and in reading. Acta ophihal. (Kbh.) 1955; 33: 437–454
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Björk A., Kugelberg E. Motor unit activity in the human extra-ocular muscles. E.E.G. clin. Neurophysiol 1953; 5: 271–277
   Google Scholar
• Boehm L. Der Nystagmus und dessen Heilung. A. Hirschwald, Berlin 1857; 60
   Google Scholar
• Borries G. V.T. Zur Klinik des experimentellen optischen Nystagmus (Eisenbahn Nystagmus). Arch. Ohren.-Nasen-Kehlkopjheilk 1922; 110: 135–139
   Google Scholar
• Borries G. V.T. Fixation und Nystagmus. Klinische experimented und theoretische Studien. Th. Linds., Copenhagen 1926; 12: 1–1
   Google Scholar
• Braak J. W.G. Ter. Untersuchungen über optokinetischen Nystagmus. Arch, neerl. Physiol 1936; 21: 309–376
   Google Scholar
• Bramwell B. Case of nystagmus occurring in a coal miner associated with palpitation and profuse sweating. Lancet. (Nov.) 1875; 27: 763–764
   Google Scholar
• Brunner H. Über die Inversion des experimentellen optischen Nystagmus. Mschr. Ohrenheilk 1921; 55: 574–582
   Google Scholar
• Brunette F. Lˆ épreuve du nystagmus des chemins de fer en oto-neurologie. Rev. oto-neuro-ophtal 1927; 5: 161–172, 3
   Google Scholar
• Buys E., Coppez H. Traces graphiques du nystagmus. Arch. f. Ophthal 1909; 29: 737–743
   Google Scholar
• Celsus A. C. De Re Medica, G. Rovillius. Loudun. 1566; 296
   Google Scholar
• Cogan D. Brain lesions and eye movements in man. The Oculomotor System, M. B. Bender. Harper & Row, New York 1964; 417–427
   Google Scholar
• Cohen B. Vestibular and oculomotor physiology. International Meeting of the Barany Society. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Set 1981; 374: 1–892
   Google Scholar
• Cohen B., Feldman M. Relationship of electrical activity in pontine reticular formation and lateral geniculate body to rapid eye movements. J Neurophysiol 1968; 31: 806–8l7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen B., Henn V. The origin of quick phases of nystagmus in the horizontal plane. Cerebral Control of Eye Movements and Motion Perception, J. Dichgans, E. Bizzi. S. Karger, Basel 1972; 36–55, No. 82.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen B., Henn V., Raphan T. Velocity storage nystagmus and visual vestibular interactions in humans. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci 1981; 374: 421–433
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen B., Matsuo V., Raphan T. Quantitative analysis of the velocity characteristics of optokinetic nystagmus and optokinetic after-nystagmus. J. Physiol 1977; 270: 321–344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen B., Uemura T., Takemori S. Effects of labyrinthectomy on optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN). Equilibrium Res 1973; 3: 88–93
   Google Scholar
• Coppez H. Le nystagmus (tremblement oculaire). Nystagmus optique. Bull. Soc. jr. Ophtal 1913; 14: 122–126
   Google Scholar
• Cords R. Das Nystagmusproblem. Munch, med. Wschr 1922; 69: 693–696
   Google Scholar
• Cords R. Zur Theorie des optomotorischen Nystagmus. Eine Widerlegung Ohms. Klin. Mbl Augenheilk 1926a; 77: 781–787
   Google Scholar
• Cords R. Optisch-motorisches Feld und Bahn. Albrechl v. Gruefes Arch. Ophthal 1926b; 117: 58–113
   Google Scholar
• Costin A., Bergmann F., Cha1movitz M. Influence of side position of the head on central and flash nystagmus in the rabbit. Acta oto-laryng. (Slockh.) 1966; 61: 323–331
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Costin A., Chaimovitz M., Bergmann F. Nystagmus evoked by intermittent photic stimulation of the rabbit's eye. Experientia 1965; 21: 167–168
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Crum-Brown A. On the sense of rotation and the anatomy and physiology of the semicircular canals of the internal ear. J. Anal. Physiol 1874; 8: 327–331
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dalen J. T. W. Van. Nystagmus induced by intermittent photic stimulation (flash induced nystagmus (FIN)). Docum. ophthal. (The Hague) 1977; 44: 203–206
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Darwin E. Zoonomia. The Laws of Organic Life. Johnson, London 1794; Vol. 1: 569–575
   Google Scholar
• Dfconde V. Note sur le nystagmus. Ann. Oculist 1861; 46: 88–90
   Google Scholar
• Decostre-Voisin M. F. Mouvement apparent et phénomènes associés produits par présentations successives multiples ď un stimulus le long ď une trajectoire. Psychol. Forsch 1973; 36: 177–193
   Google Scholar
• Desauvages F. B. Nosologia Methodica Sistens Morhorum Classes Genera et Species. Fr. De Tournes, Amsterdam 1763; Vol. II, Part II: 38–40
   Google Scholar
• Dichgans J., Brandt T. Visual-vestibular interactions. Effects on self motion perception and postural control. Handbook of Sensory Physiology. VIII Perception, R. Held, H. Liebowitz, H. L. Teuber. Springer-Verlag, New York 1978; 755–804
   Google Scholar
• Dodge R. Five types of eye movement in the horizontal meridian plane of the field of regard. Amer. J. Physiol 1903; 8: 307–329
   Google Scholar
• Dodge R., Cline T. S. The angle velocity of eye movements. Psychol. Rev 1901; 8: 145–157
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodge R., Fox J. Optic nystagmus. 1. Technical introduction with observations in a case with central scotoma in the right eye and external rectus palsy in the left eye. Arch. Neurol. Psychial. (Chicago) 1928; 20: 812–823
   Google Scholar
• Dodge R., Travis R. C., Fox J. C. Optic nystagmus III. Characteristic of the slow phase. Arch. Neurol. Psychial. (Chicago) 1930; 24: 21–34
   Google Scholar
• Droogleever-Fortuyn J. Een familiair syndroom. Benevens enkele opmerkingen over nystagmus in het algemeen en desnelle phase in het bijzonder. Ned. T. Geneesk 1937; 81: 4508–4514
   Google Scholar
• Duensing F., Schaefer K. P. Die Neuronenaktivität in der Formatio reticularis des Rhombencephalons beim vestibuleären Nystagmus. Arch. Psychial. Nervenkrankh 1957; 196: 265–290
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Duke-Elders S. The neurology of vision. Motor and optical anomalies. Textbook of Ophthalmology. Kimpton, London 1949; Vol. IV.: 4199–4239
   Google Scholar
• Ehlers H. On optically elicited nystagmus. Acta ophthal. (Kbh) 1925; 3: 254–27l
   Google Scholar
• Hschler R., Rubinstein M. Advantages of radiotelemetric nystagmography for clinical examination. International Symposium on Vestibular & Oculomotor Problems. Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo 1965; 207–214
   Google Scholar
• Foville A. Note sur une paralysie peuconnuede certains muscles de lˆ oeil etsa liaison avecquelques points de lˆ anatomie et la physiologie de la protubérance annulaire. Bull. Soc. Anal. Paris (2° serie) T III 1858; 23: 293–414; 146–150, Also: Gazette Hebdomadaire. Vol. VI.
   Google Scholar
• Fox J. C, Couch F. H., Dodge R. Optic nystagmus. Arch. Neurol. Psychial. (Chicago) 1931; 26: 23–35
   Google Scholar
• Fox J. C., Holmes G. Optic nystagmus and its value in the localization of cerebral lesions. Brain 1926; 49: 333–371
   Google Scholar
• Gadaud A. F. Étude sur le Nystagmus. Thesis, LeFrançois, Paris 1869; 158
   Google Scholar
• Goddé-Jolly D., Larmande A. Les Nystagmus. Masson, Paris 1973; Vol. 2
   Google Scholar
• Good J. M. The Study of Medicine. Wells & Lilly., Boston 1823; Vol. 3: 161
   Google Scholar
• Goto K., Nozue M., Suzuki J., Tokumasu K., Sakata E. The effect of actions on OK AN. Jap. J. Ololaryng 1963; 66: 1355
   Google Scholar
• Gradenigo G. Sulla iscrizione grafica del nistagmo vestibolare. Arch. ital. Otol. Rinol. Laringol 1909; 21: 196–201
   Google Scholar
• Grüsser O. J., Pause M., Schreiter U. Three methods to elicit sigma-optokinetic nystagmus in Java monkeys. Exp. Brain Res 1979; 35: 519–526
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grüsser-Cornehls U., Grüsser O. J., Bullock T. H. Unit responses in the frog's tectum to moving and nonmoving visual stimuli. Science 1963; 141: 820–822
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Grüttner R. Experimented Untersuchungen über den optokinetischen Nystagmus. Z. Sinnesphysiol 1939; 68: 1–48
   Google Scholar
• Gutman J., Zelig S., Bergmann F. Optokinetic nystagmus in the labyrinthectomized rabbit. Confin. neurol. (Basel) 1964; 24: 158–162
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Von Helmholz H. Über die normalen Bewegungen des menschlichen Auges. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophlhal 1863; 9/2: 153–214
   Google Scholar
• Von Helmholz H. Handbuch der Physiologischen Optik. Voss, Leipzig 1867
   Google Scholar
• Henn V., Cohen B., Young L. R. Visual-vestibular interaction in motion perception and the generation of nystagmus. Neurosciences Research Program Bulletin. M.I.T. Press, Boston 1980; 18/4: 459–651
   Google Scholar
• Hering E. Die Lehre von Binokuldren Sehen. W. Engelmann, Leipzig 1868
   Google Scholar
• Hirschberg J. Wörterbuch der Augenheilkunde. Von Veit & Comp., Leipzig 1887
   Google Scholar
• Hirschberg J. Geschichte der Augenheilkunde. Graefe-Saemisch Handbuch der Gesamten Augenheilkunde, T'. Saemisch. W. Engelmann, Leipzig 1899; Vol. 2: 116–119; 166–167
   Google Scholar
• Ishikawa S., Yamazaki A. A new instrument for recording of the eye movement. Jap. J. Ophlhal 1973; 17: 244–248
   Google Scholar
• Javal L. E. Essai sur la physiologie de la lecture. Ann. Oculist 1879; (Part IV) (12 Series): 242–253
   Google Scholar
• Jayle G. Mouvements Conjugues des Globes Oculaires el Nystagmus. Masson, Paris 1941; Vol. I
   Google Scholar
• Jung R. Visual perception and neurophysiology. Handbook of Sensory Physiology. Central Processing of Visual Information, R. Jung. Springer-Verlag, New York 1973; Vol. 7/3: 1–152, Part A
   Google Scholar
• Jung R. An appreciation of early work on gaze control in man and visuo-vestibular research before 1940. Control of Gaze by Brainstem Neurons. (Developments in Neuroscience. Vol. 1), Baker, Berthoz. Hoeber, New York 1977; 428–482
   Google Scholar
• Jung R., Kornhuber H. H. Results of electronystagmography in man: Value of optokinetic vestibular and spontaneous nystagmus for neurologic diagnosis and research. The Oculomotor System, M. B. Bender. Harper & Row, New York 1964; 428–481
   Google Scholar
• Juvenal. Satires, 7: 241
   Google Scholar
• Keane J. K. Flash evoked nystagmus: absence in man. Neurology 1972; 22: 551–553
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kestenbaum A. Der Mechanismus des Nystagmus. Albrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophlhal. y 1921; 05: 799–843
   Google Scholar
• Kestenbaum A. Zum Fixationsnystagmus. Verhandl. der Ausserordentl. Tagung Ophih. Ges 1921; 8: 4–6
   Google Scholar
• Kestenbaum A. Clinical Methods of Neuro-ophthalmologic Examination, 1st edn. Grune & Stratton, New York 1946
   Google Scholar
• Krieger H. P., Bender M. B. Optokinetic nystagmus in the monkey. Fed. Proc 1955; 4: 234
   Google Scholar
• Krieger H. P., Bender M. B. Optokinetic after-nystagmus in the monkey. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol 1956; 8: 97–106
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krieger H. P., Wagman I. H., Bender M. B. Eye movements and the state of consciousness. Trans. Amer. neurol. Ass 1956; 81: 112–114
   Google Scholar
• Lamansky S. Bestimmungder Winkelgeschwindigkeitder Blickbewegung respective Augenbewegung. Plüg. Arch. ges. Physiol 1869; 2: 418–422
   Google Scholar
• Landolt E. Nouvelles recherches sur la physiologie des mouvements des yeux. Arch. Ophtal. (Paris) 1891; 11: 385–395
   Google Scholar
• Linksz A. Physiology of the Eye. Grune & Stratton, New York 1952; Vol. 2, Vision.
   Google Scholar
• Lorenz C. B. De Nystagmo, T. Brüscke. Thesis, Univ. of Berlin. 1820; 36
   Google Scholar
• Mach E. Grundlinien der Lehre von der Bewegungsempfindungen. Engelmann, Leipzig 1875
   Google Scholar
• Mackenzie W. Practical Treatise on the Diseases of the Eye. Longman, London 1830; 257
   Google Scholar
• Maitre-Jan A. Traile des Maladies de lˆ 'Oeuil. J. LeFebvre, Troyes 1707; 594
   Google Scholar
• Mauchart B. D. De Ulceribus Corneae Tïbingen. Albertus Hallerus: Disputationes Chirurgicae Seleciae, Bousqet, Lausanne 1742; Vol. 1: 347, 406–408, 1755
   Google Scholar
• Mauchart B. D., DeMydriasiSeu P. N. Dilatatione Pupillae. Albertus Hallerus: Disputationes Chirurgicae Seleciae, Bousqet, Lausanne 1745; Vol. I: 545–548, 1755
   Google Scholar
• Mauclerc J. H. Nomenclatura Critica Morborum Ocularium. F. Newbery, London 1768; 32
   Google Scholar
• McGinnis J. M. Eye movements and optic nystagmus in early infancy. Gen. Psychol. Monog 1930; 8/4: 321–430
   Google Scholar
• Miller M., Pasik T., Pasik P. Flicker-induced nystagmus in a Ganzfeld situation in monkeys. Exp. Neurol 1979; 66: 533–546
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morimoto M., Mizukoshi K., Otani T., Idedas S., Katsumi Y., Sasaki T., Koire Y. On the secondary phase of nystagmus. Acta oto-laryng. (Stockh.) 1963; Suppl. 179: 32–41
   Google Scholar
• Mowrer O. H., Ruch T. C., Miller N. G. The corneoretinal potential differences as the basis of the galvanometric method of recording eye movements. Amer. J. Physiol 1936; 114: 423–428
   Google Scholar
• Nathanson M., Bergman P. S., Anderson P. J. Significance of oculocephalic and caloric responses in the unconscious patient. Neurology 1957; 7: 829–832
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordmann J., Lieou Y. C. Le nystagmus optocinetique. Rev. Oto-Neuro-Ophtal 1928; 6: 81–108
   Google Scholar
• Ohm J. Zur graphischen Registrierung des Augenzitternsder Bergleute undder Lidbewegungen. Z. Augenheilk 1914; 32: 4–8
   Google Scholar
• Ohm J. Über Registrierung des optischen Drehnystagmus. Münch, med. Wschr 1921a; 68: 1451–1452
   Google Scholar
• Ohm J. Über optischen Drehnystagmus. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk 1921b; 68: 234–235
   Google Scholar
• Ohm J. Die klinische Bedeutung des optischen Drehnystagmus. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk 1922a; 68: 323–355
   Google Scholar
• Ohm J. Über den Einfluss der Narkose auf das jugendliche Augenzittern und seine ‘Inversion’ am optischen Dreh. Klin. MM. Augenheilk 1922b; 69: 385–392
   Google Scholar
• Ohm J. Augenzittern als Gehirnstrahlung. Orban und Schwarzenberg, Berlin-Wien 1925
   Google Scholar
• Ohm J. Augenzittern und Schielen in einem Fall von Lues des Vestibularapparates. Z. Hals-Nusen-Ohrenheilk 1926a; 14: 489–518
   Google Scholar
• Ohm J. 1st der optische Drehnystagmus von einem unbeweglichen Auge auslosbar?. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk 1926b; 77: 330–336
   Google Scholar
• Ohm J. Zur Theorie des optischen Drehnystagmus: Eine Antwort an Cords. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk 1927a; 78: 218–227
   Google Scholar
• Ohm J. Zur Augenzitternkunde. VII Mitteilung. Der optische Drehnachnystagmus. Alhrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophtluil 1927b; 118: 103–117
   Google Scholar
• Ohm J. Zur Augenzitternkunde. Der optokinetische Nystagmus bei Rotgrun-blindheit. Albercht v. Graefes Arch. Ophthul 1930; 123: 532–536
   Google Scholar
• Ohm J. Eigenartige optokinetische Reaktion bei einem Fall mit Maculablock. Z. Augenheilk 1936; 89: 327–331
   Google Scholar
• Ohm J. Der optokinetische Nystagmus als diagnostisches Hilfsmittel in der Augen-und Nervenheilkunde. Z. Augenheilk 1938; 91: 45–62
   Google Scholar
• Oppel J. J. Zur Theorie einer eigenthümlichen Reactionsthätigkeil des Menschlichen Auges in Bezug auf bewegte Netzhautbilder. Jahresb. d. Frunkfurtervereins. 1859–1860
   Google Scholar
• Orschansky J. Eine Methode. die Augenbewegungen direct zu untersuchen (Ophthalmographie). Centralhl. Phvsiologie 1899; XII/24: 785–790
   Google Scholar
• Pasik P., Pasik T. A comparison between two types of visually evoked nystagmus in the monkey. Acta otolarvng 1975; Suppl. 330: 30–37
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pasik T., Pasik P., Bender M. B. Optokinetic nystagmus upon stimulation of an akinetic eye in the monkey. Confin. neural 1961; 21: 109–118
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pasik P., Pasik T., Krieger H. P. Effect of cerebral lesions upon OKN in monkeys. J. Neurophvsiol 1959; 22: 297–304
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pasik T., Pasik P., Valciokas J. A. Nystagmus induced by stationary repetitive light flashes in monkeys. Bruin Res 1970; 19: 313–3I7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasik P., Valciokas J. A., Pasik T. Effect of head on body tilt and flicker induced nystagmus in monkeys. Exp. Neurol 1973; 41: 15–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Plenck J. J. Doctrinade Morhis Oculorum. Graefer, Vienna 1777; 115–116
   Google Scholar
• Purk1nje J. E. Beitrage zur naheren Kenntnis des Schwindels aus heautognostischen Daten. Med. Jb. (Oslerreich) 1820; 6: 79–125
   Google Scholar
• Purkinje J. E. Beobuchtungen und Versuche zur Physiologic der Sinne. Neue Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Sehens in subjectiver Hinsicht. Pojednani Toto Vyslo Popove, Berlin 1825; Vol. 2
   Google Scholar
• Rademaker G. G. J., Ter Braak J. W. G. On the central mechanism of some optic reactions. Brain 1948; 71: 48–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raehlmann E. Über den Nystagmus und seine Atiologie. Alhrecht v. Graefes Arch. Ophthal 1878; 111/24: 237–317
   Google Scholar
• Raphan T., Cohen B. Brainstem mechanisms for rapid and slow eye movements. Ann. Rev. Phvsiol 1978; 40: 521–552
   Google Scholar
• Rashbass C. The relationship between saccadic and smooth tracking eye movements. J. Phvsiol 1961; 159: 326–338
   Google Scholar
• Robinson D. A. Vestibular and optokinetic symbiosis. An example of explaining by modeling. Control of Gaze by Brain Stem Neurons, Baker, Berthoz. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1977; Vol. 1: 49–58
   Google Scholar
• Roelofs C. O. Optokinetic nystagmus. Docum. ophthal. (The Hague) 1954; 7-8: 579–650
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Scala N. P., Spiegel E. A. Subcortical (passive) optokinetic nystagmus in lesions of the midbrain and vestibular nuclei. Confin. Neurol 1941; 3: 53–73
   Google Scholar
• Schott E. Über die Registrierung des Nystagmus und anderer Augenbewegungen vermittels des Saitengalvanometers. Dtsch. Arch. klin. Med 1922; 140: 79–90
   Google Scholar
• Schroeter P. 2 Fälle von Nystagmus bei Bergleuten. Klin. Mbl. Augenheilk 1871; 19: 135–138
   Google Scholar
• Shanzer S., Teng P., Krieger H. P., Bender M B. Defects in optokinetic after-nystagmus in lesions of the brainstem. Amer. J. Physiol 1958; 194: 419–422
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shanzer S., Wagman I. H., Bender M. B. Brain activity evoked by optokinetic or vestibular stimulation. XXI Int. Cong. Physiol. Sci., Leiden. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam 1962; Vol. 2: 1019
   Google Scholar
• Shanzer S., Wagman I. H., Bender M. B., Krieger H. P. Cerebral electrical correlates of optokinetic stimulation. Fed. Proc 1960; 79: 291
   Google Scholar
• Smith J. L., Cog A n, D. Optokinetic nystagmus. A test for parietal lobe lesions. A study of 31 cases anatomically verified. Amer.J. Ophihal 1959; 48: 187–193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, Priestly. Bilateral deviations of the eyes. Ophihal Hasp. Rep. and J. roy. Land ophihal. Hasp 1879; 9: 22–34
   Google Scholar
• Spaeth E. B. Nystagmus: Its diagnostic significance. Arch. Ophihal. (Chicago) 1950; 44: 549–560
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Starr A. A disorder of rapid eye movements in Huntington's chorea. Brain 1967; 90: 545–564
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stenvers H. W. On the optic (opto-kinetic. opto-motorial) nystagmus. Acta otolaryng. (Stockh.) 1925; 8: 545–562
   Google Scholar
• Stratton G. M. Eye movements and the aesthesis of visual form. Wundl's Philosophische Studien. Engelmann, Leipzig 1902; Vol. XX.: 336
   Google Scholar
• Strauss H. Die diagnostische Bedeutung des optomotorischen (Eisenbahn) Nystagmus fur die Neurologie. Ztschr. ges. Neurol. Psychial 1925; 98: 93–101
   Google Scholar
• Teng P., Shanzer S., Bender M. B. Effects of brainstem lesions on optokinetic nystagmus in monkeys. Neurology 1958; 8: 22–26
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uemura T., Cohen B. Effects of vestibular nuclei lesions on vestibulooeular reflexes and posture in monkeys. Acta ololaryng. (Siockh.) 1973; 315 (Suppl): 1–71
   Google Scholar
• Volkmann A. W. Sehen. Wagner: Handwörterbuch der Physiologic. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig 1846; Vol. III: 265–351, Part I
   Google Scholar
• Waespe W., Henn V. Visual-vestibular interaction in the flocculus of the alert monkey. Exp. Brain Res 1981; 43: 349–360
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weill G. A. Notes à propos de nystagmus dit “Optocinétique”. Rev. Oto-neuro-ophtal 1928; 6: 579–80
   Google Scholar
• Westheimer G. Mechanism of saccadic eye movement. Arch. Ophihal. (Chicago) 1954a; 52: 710–724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Westheimer G. Eye movement responses to a horizontally moving visual stimulus. Arch. Ophihal. (Chicago) 1954b; 52: 932–941
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wirths M. Beitrag zum klinischen Bilde der assoziierten Blicklähmung mit besonderer Berucksichtigung des vestibularen und optischen Nystagmus. Ztsch. Augenheilk 1911; 26: 318–335
   Google Scholar
• Yarbus A. L. Eye Movements and Vision, L. A. Riggs. Plenum Press, New York 1967; 21
   Google Scholar
• Young L. R., Sheena D. Methods and designs. Survey of eye movement recording methods. Behavior Res. Meth. Instrumentation 1975; 7: 397–429
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar