References
- Poser C M, Paty D W, Scheinberg L. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol 1983; 13: 227–231
- Mattews W B. Paroxysmal symptoms in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1975; 38: 617–623
- Gorard D A, Gibberd F B. Paroxysmal dysarthria and ataxia: associated MRI abnormality. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989; 52(I2)1444–1445
- Rozza L, Bertolotti P, Sica A, Weronig S, Oricco D. Kinesigenic dystonia as the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis with cervical and brainstem lesions. Eur Neurol 1993; 33: 331–332
- Maimone D, Reder A, Finocchiaro F, Recupero E. Internal capsule plaque and tonic spasms in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1991; 48: 427–429
- Roos R, Wintzen A R, Vielvoye G, Polder T W. Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992; 54(7)657–658
- Spencer R F, Porter J D. Innervation and structure of extraocular muscles in the monkey in comparison to those of the cat. J Comp Neurol 1981; 198: 649–665
- Porter J D, Guthrie B L, Sparks D L. Innervation of monkey extraocular muscles: localisation of sensory and motor neurons by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. J Comp Neurol 1983; 218: 208–219
- Büttner-Ennever J A, Akert K. Medial rectus subgroups of the oculomotor nucleus and their abducens internu-clear input in the monkey. J Comp Neurol 1981; 197: 17–27
- Alvarado J A, Horn C. Muscle cell types of the cat inferior oblique. Basic Mechanisms of Ocular Motility and Their Clinical Implications, G Lennerstrand, P Beach-y-Rita. Pergamon Press, New York 1975; 15–45
- Miller J E. Cellular organization of rhesus extraocular muscle. Invest Ophthalmol 1967; 6: 18–39
- Ostermann P O, Westerberg C E. Paroxysmal attacks in multiple sclerosis. Brain 1975; 98: 189–202
- Carpenter M B, Batton R R. Abducens internuclear neurons and their role in conjugate horizontal gaze. J Comp Neurol 1980; 189: 191–209
- Cogan D G, Freese C G. Spasm of the near reflex. Arch Ophthalmol 1955; 54: 752–759
- Thompson R A, Lynde R H. Convergence spasm associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy. Neurology 1969; 19: 711–712
- Victor M. The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, P I Vinken, W G Bruyn. North-Holland, Amsterdam 1976; Vol. 28: 243–270
- Dagi L R, Chrousos G A, Cogan D C. Spasm of the near reflex associated with organic disease. Am J Ophthalmol 1987; 103(4)582–58s
- Jampel R S. Representation of the near-response on the cerebral cortex of the macaque. Am J Ophthalmol 1959; 48: 573–582
- Ohashi T, Kase M, Hyodo T, Arikado T, Suzuki Y. Long-lasting organic spasm of the near reflex. Jpn J Ophthalmol 1988; 32(4)466–470
- Nirankari V S, Hamecroff S B. Spasm of the near reflex. Ann Ophthalmol 1980; 12: 1050
- Moster M L, Hoenig E M. Spasm of the near reflex associated with metabolic encephalopathy. Neurology 1989; 38: 150
- Safron A B, Roth A, Gauthier G. Le syndrome des spasmes de convergence ‘plus’. KlinMonatsbl Augenheilkd 1982; 108: 471–473
- Guiloff R J, Whiteley A, Kelly R E. Organic convergence spasm. Acta Neurol Scand 1980; 61: 252–259