Assessing psychopathology in pregnancy and postpartum

References

• Czarnocka J, Slade P. Prevalence and predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth. Br J Clin Psychol 2000; 39: 35–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression: development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry 1987; 150: 782–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherr L. Obstetrics. Health Psychology: Processes and Applications, AK Broome. Chapman & Hall, London 1989; 375–93
   Google Scholar
• Gotlib IH, Cane DB. Self-report assessment of depression and anxiety. Anxiety and Depression: Distinctive and Overlapping Features, PC Kendall, D Watson. Academic Press Inc., London 1989; 131–69
   Google Scholar
• Clark LA, Watson D. Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. J Abnorm Psychol 1991; 100: 316–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spielberger CD, Gorsuch RL, Lushene R, et al. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: STAI (Form Y). Consulting Psychologists Press Inc., Palo Alto, CA 1983
   Google Scholar
• Taylor JA. A personality scale of manifest anxiety. J Abnorm Soc Psychol 1953; 48: 285–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buss AH. Two anxiety factors in psychiatric patients. J Abnorm Soc Psychol 1962; 65: 426–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenz WD, Epstein S. Manifest anxiety: unifactorial or multifactorial composition. Percept Motor Skills 1965; 20: 773–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livneh H, Redding CA. A factor analytic study of manifest anxiety: a transsituational, transtemporal investigation. J Psychol 1986; 120: 253–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor JP, Lorr M, Stafford JW. Some patterns of manifest anxiety. J Clin Psychol 1956; 12: 160–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Bonis M. Content analysis of 27 anxiety inventories and rating scales. Psychological Measurements in Psychopharmacology, Modern Problems in Pharmacophsychiatry, P Pichot. Karger, Basle 1974; Volume 7
   Google Scholar
• Kellner R, Kelly AV, Sheffield BF. The assessment of changes in anxiety in a drug trial: a comparison of methods. Br J Psychiatry 1968; 114: 863–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabacoff RI, Segal DL, Hersen M, Van Hasselt VB. Psychometric properties and diagnostic utility of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory with older adult psychiatric outpatients. J Anxiety Disord 1997; 11: 33–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auerbach SM. Trait-state anxiety and adjustment to surgery. J Consult Clin Psychol 1973; 40: 264–71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka-Matsumi J, Kameoka VA. Reliabilities and concurrent validities of popular self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and social desirability. J Consult Clin Psychol 1986; 54: 328–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayers S. Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth. University of London. 1999, PhD thesis
   Google Scholar
• Hickey CA, Cliver SP, Goldenberg RL, et al. Relationship of psychosocial status to low prenatal weight gain among black and white women delivering at term. Obstet Gynecol 1995; 86: 177–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilden VP. The relation of life stress and social support to emotional disequilibrium during pregnancy. Res Nurs Health 1983; 6: 167–74
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mebert CJ. Dimensions of subjectivity in parents' ratings of infant temperament. Child Dev 1991; 62: 352–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox JL. Introduction and classification dilemmas. Perinatal Psychiatry: Use and Misuse of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, J Cox, J Holden. Gaskell/Royal College of Psychiatrists, London 1994
   Google Scholar
• Nicolson P, Woollett A. Postnatal depression: context and experience - editorial. J Reprod Inf Psychol 1998; 16: 85–9
   Google Scholar
• Condon JT, Corkindale CJ. The assessment of depression in the postnatal period: a comparison of four self-report questionnaires. Aust NZ J Psychiatry 1997; 31: 353–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983; 67: 361–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg D. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ; 60). Nfer-Nelson, Windsor 1978
   Google Scholar
• Spinhoven PH, Ormel J, Sloekers P PA, et al. A validation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS) in different groups of Dutch subjects. Psychol Med 1997; 27: 363–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moorey S, Greer S, Watson M, et al. The factor structure and factor stability of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in patients with cancer. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 158: 255–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisspers J, Nygren A, Söderman E. Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD): some psychometric data for a Swedish sample. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1997; 96: 281–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson E. The hospital anxiety and depression scale: homogeneity of the subscales. Soc Behav Personal 1993; 21: 197–204
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnston M, Wright S, Weinman J. Measures in Health Psychology: a User's Portfolio. Nfer-Nelson, Windsor 1995
   Google Scholar
• Thompson WM, Harris B, Lazarus J, Richards C. A comparison of the performance of rating scales used in the diagnosis of postnatal depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998; 98: 224–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall A, Hern RA, Fallowfield L. Are we using appropriate self-report questionnaires for detecting anxiety and depression in women with early breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 1999; 35: 79–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abiodun OA. A validity study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in general hospital units and a community sample in Nigeria. Br J Psychiatry 1994; 165: 669–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilkinson M JB, Barczak P. Psychiatric screening in general practice: comparison of the general health questionnaire and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. J Royal Coll Gen Pract 1988; 38: 311–13
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Andrews H, Barczak P, Allan R. Psychiatric illness in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1988; 12: 1600–4
   Google Scholar
• Lewis G, Wessely S. Comparison of the general health questionnaire and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Br J Psychiatry 1990; 157: 860–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Button E, Reveley C, Palmer R. An ethnic comparison of eating attitudes and associated psychological problems in young British women. Int J Eating Disord 1998; 23: 317–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosignani PG, Vercellini P, Apolone G, et al. Endometrial resection versus vaginal hysterectomy for menorrhagia: long-term clinical and quality-of-life outcomes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 177: 95–101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordle CJ, Prettyman RJ. A 2-year follow-up of women who have experienced early miscarriage. J Reprod Inf Psychol 1994; 12: 37–43
   Google Scholar
• Boath E, Cox J, Lewis M, et al. When the cradle falls: the treatment of postnatal depression in a psychiatric day hospital compared with routine primary care. J Affect Disord 1999; 53: 143–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rona RI, Smeeton NC, Beech R, et al. Anxiety and depression in mothers related to severe malformation of the heart of the child and foetus. Acta Paediatr 1998; 87: 201–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg D. The Detection of Psychiatric Illness by Questionnaire. Oxford University Press, London 1972
   Google Scholar
• Banks MH. Validation of the general health questionnaire in a young community sample. Psychol Med 1983; 13: 340–53
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychol Med 1979; 9: 139–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goodchild ME, Duncan-Jones P. Chronicity and the general health questionnaire. Br J Psychiatry 1985; 146: 55–61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aderibigbe YA, Gureje O, Omigbodun O. Postnatal emotional disorders in Nigerian women: a study of antecedents and associations. Br J Psychiatry 1993; 163: 645–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aylard PR, Gooding JH, McKenna PJ, Snaith RP. A validation study of three anxiety and depression self-assessment scales. J Psychosom Res 1987; 31: 261–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark DM, Smith GC, Herrman H. A comparative study of screening instruments for mental disorders in general hospital patients. Int J Psychiatry Med 1993; 23: 323–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz MJ, Wilner N, Alvarez W. Impact of event scale: a measure of subjective stress. Psychosom Med 1979; 41: 209–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frederick C. Selected foci in the spectrum of posttraumatic stress disorders. Perspectives on Disaster Recovery, S Murphy, J Laube. Appleton-Century Crofts, New York 1985; 100–30
   Google Scholar
• Realmuto G, Masten A, Carole L, et al. Adolescent survivors of massive childhood trauma in Cambodia: life events and current symptoms. J Traum Stress 1992; 5: 589–600
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norris FH, Riad JK. Standardized self-report measures of civilian trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder. Assessing Psychological Trauma and FTSD, JP Wilson, TM Keane. The Guildford Press, New York 1997
   Google Scholar
• Suzuki S, Sakamoto S, Koide M, et al. Hanshin-Awaji earthquake as a trigger for acute myocardial infarction. Am Heart J 1997; 134: 974–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doerfier LA, Pbert L, DeCosimo D. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder following myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass surgery. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1994; 16: 193–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz MI. Stress response syndromes and their treatment. Handbook of Stress: Theoretical and Clinical Aspects, L Goldberger, S Breznitz. The Free Press, New York 1982; 711–32
   Google Scholar
• Shalev AY, Freedman S, Peri T, et al. Predicting PTSD in trauma survivors: prospective evaluation of self-report and clinician-administered instruments. Br J Psychiatry 1997; 170: 558–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwarzwald J, Solomon Z, Weisenberg M, Mikulincer M. Validation of the impact of event scale: the psychological sequelae of combat. J Consult Clin Psychol 1987; 55: 251–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zilberg NJ, Weiss DS, Horowitz MJ. Impact of events scale: a cross-validation study and some empirical evidence supporting a conceptual model of stress response syndromes. J Consult Clin Psychol 1982; 50: 407–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joseph SA, Williams R, Yule W, Walker A. Factor analysis of the impact of events scale with survivors of two disasters at sea. Personal Individ Diff 1992; 13: 693–7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyons S. A prospective study of post traumatic stress symptoms 1 month following childbirth in a group of 42 first-time mothers. J Reprod Inf Psychol 1998; 16: 91–105
   Google Scholar
• Salvesen KA, Oyen L, Schmidt N, et al. Comparison of long-term psychological responses of women after pregnancy termination due to fetal anomalies and after perinatal loss. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1997; 9: 80–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee C, Slade P, Lygo V. The influence of psychological debriefing on emotional adaptation in women following early miscarriage: a preliminary study. Br J Med Psychol 1996; 69: 47–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilpatrick DG, Veronen LJ. Treatment of Pear and Anxiety in Victims of Rape. National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, MD 1984
   Google Scholar
• McClennan H, Joseph S, Lewis CA. Causal attributions for marital violence and emotional response by women seeking refuge. Psychol Rep 1994; 75: 272–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cordova MI, Andrykowski MA, Kenady DE, et al. Frequency and correlates of posttraumatic-stress-disorder-like symptoms after treatment for breast cancer. J Consult Clin Psychol 1995; 63: 981–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa EB, Riggs DS, Dancu CV, Rothbaum BO. Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post-traumatic stress disorder. J Traum Stress 1993; 6: 459–73
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson C, Juba M, Manifold V, et al. The PTSD Interview: rationale, description, reliability and concurrent validity of a DSM-III based technique. J Clin Psychol 1991; 47: 179–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menage J. Post traumatic stress disorder in women who have undergone obstetric and/or gynaecological procedures. J Reprod Inf Psychol 1993; 11: 211–28
   Google Scholar
• Robins LN, Heizer JE, Croughan J, et al. NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule: Version III-A. National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, MD 1981
   Google Scholar
• Weiss DS. Structured clinical interview techniques. International Handbook of Traumattc Stress Syndromes, J Wilson, B Raphael. Plenum Press, New York 1993; 179–87
   Google Scholar
• Foa EB, Riggs DS, Gershuny BS. Arousal, numbing, and intrusion: symptom structure of PTSD following assault. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152: 116–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falsetti SA, Resnick HS, Resick PA, Kilpatrick DG. The modified PTSD symptom scale: a brief self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Ther 1993; 16: 161–2
   Google Scholar
• Dunmore E, Clark DM, Ehlers A. Cognitive factors in persistent versus recovered posttraumatic stress disorder after physical or sexual assault: a pilot study. Behav Cognit Psychother 1997; 25: 147–59
   Google Scholar
• Dunmore E, Clark DM, Ehlers A. Cognitive factors involved in the onset and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after physical or sexual assault. Behav Res Ther 1999; 37: 809–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa E, Cashman L, Jaycox L, Perry K. The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Psychol Assess 1997; 9: 445–51
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar