652
Views
104
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Predictors, prodromes and incidence of postpartum depression

, , , , &
Pages 103-112 | Published online: 07 Jul 2009

References

  • Gotlib I, Whiffen V, Mount J, et al. Prevalence rates and demographic characteristics in pregnancy and the postpartum. J Consult Clin Psychol 1989; 57: 269–74
  • Whiffen V. Vulnerability to postpartum depression: a prospective multivariate study. J Abnorm Psychol 1988; 97: 467–74
  • Righetti-Veltema M, Conne-Perreard E, Bousquet A, et al. Risk factors and predictive signs of postpartum depression. J Affect Disord 1998; 49: 167–80
  • O'Hara M, Zekoski E, Philipps L, et al. Controlled prospective study of postpartum mood disorders: comparison of childbearing and non-childbearing women. J Abnorm Psychol 1990; 99: 3–15
  • Zelkowitz P, Milet T. Screening for post-partum depression in a community sample. Can J Psychiatry 1995; 40: 80–6
  • O'Hara M, Neunaber D, Zekoski E. Prospective study of postpartum depression: prevalence, course and predictive factors. J Abnorm Psychol 1984; 93: 158–71
  • Gard PR, Handley SL, Parsons AD, et al. A multivariate investigation of postpartum mood disturbance. Br J Psychiatry 1986; 148: 567–75
  • Bell A, Land N, Milne S, et al. Long-term outcome of post-partum psychiatric illness requiring admission. J Affect Disord 1994; 31: 67–70
  • Philipps LH, O'Hara MW. Prospective study of postpartum depression: 4 1/2 year follow-up of women and children. J Abnorm Psychol 1991; 100: 151–5
  • Stein A, Gath DH, Butcher J, et al. The relationship between post-natal depression and mother child interaction. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 158: 46–52
  • Cogill SR, Caplan HL, Alexandra H, et al. Impact of maternal postnatal depression on cognitive development of young children. Br Med J 1986; 292: 1165–7
  • Weinberg MK, Tronick EZ. The impact of maternal psychiatric illness on infant development. J Clin Psychiatry 1998; 59(Suppl 2)53–60
  • Lecrubier Y. Is depression under-recognised and undertreated. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1998; 13: S3–6
  • Klinkman M, Schwenk T, Coyne J. Depression in primary care - more like asthma than appendicitis: the Michigan Depression Project. Can J Psychiatry 1997; 42: 966–73
  • Hearn G, Iliff A, Jones I, et al. Postnatal depression in the community. Br J Gen Pract 1998; 48: 1064–6
  • Fisher J, Astbury J, Smith A. Adverse psychological impact of operative obstetric interventions: a prospective longitudinal study. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1997; 31: 728–38
  • Glasser S, Barell V, Shoham A, et al. Prospective study of postpartum depression in an Israeli cohort: prevalence, incidence and demographic risk factors. J Psychosom Obstet Gynecol 1998; 19: 155–64
  • Stuart S, Couser G, Schilder K, et al. Postpartum anxiety and depression: onset and comorbidity in a community sample. J Nerv Ment Dis 1998; 186: 420–4
  • Klein M, Essex M. Pregnant or depressed? The effect of overlap between symptoms of depression and somatic complaints of pregnancy on rates of major depression in the second trimester. Depression 1994/1995; 2: 308–14
  • Klein M, Hyde J, Essex M, et al. Maternity leave, role quality, work involvement, and mental health one year after delivery. Psychol Women Quart 1998; 22: 239–66
  • Robins L, Helzer J, Croughan J, et al. National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule: its history, characteristics and validity. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981; 38: 381–9
  • Robins L, Helzer J, Ratcliff K, et al. Validity of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version II: DSM-III diagnoses. Psychol Med 1982; 12: 855–70
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R) (3rd edn. revised). American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC 1987; 222–3
  • Meyers JK, Weissman MM. Use of a self-report symptom scale to detect depression in a community sample. Am J Psychiatry 1980; 137: 1081–4
  • Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale; a self report depression scale for research in a general population. Appl Psychol Measure 1977; 1: 385–401
  • Brown M. Social support, stress, and health: a comparison of expectant mothers and fathers. Nurs Res 1986; 35: 72–6
  • Bernazzani O, Saucier JF, David H, et al. Psychosocial predictors of depressive symptomatology level in postpartum women. J Affect Disord 1997; 46: 39–49
  • Georgiopoulos A, Bryan T, Yawn B, et al. Population-based screening for postpartum depression. Obstet Gynecol 1999; 93: 653–7
  • Pop V, Essed G, deGeus C, et al. Prevalence of postpartum depression - or is it post-puerperium depression. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1993; 72: 354–8
  • Cooper P, Campbell E, Day A, Kennerley H, Bond A. Non-psychotic psychiatric disorder after childbirth: a prospective study of prevalence, incidence, course and nature. Br J Psychiatry 1988; 152: 799–806
  • Kumar R, Robson K. A prospective study of emotional disorders in childbearing women. Br J Psychiatry 1984; 144: 35–47
  • O'Hara M, Schlechte J, Lewis D, et al. Controlled prospective study of postpartum mood disorders: psychological, environmental and hormonal variables. J Abnorm Psychol 1991; 100: 63–73
  • Beck CT. A meta-analysis of predictors of postpartum depression. Nurs Res 1996; 45: 297–303
  • Areias M, Kumar R, Barros H, et al. Correlates of postnatal depression in mothers and fathers. Br J Psychiatry 1996; 169: 36–41
  • Brugha T, Sharp H, Cooper S, et al. The Leicester 500 Project. Social support and the development of postnatal depressive symptoms, a prospective cohort survey. Psycho! Med 1998; 28: 63–79
  • Eaton W, Badawi M, Melton B. Prodromes and precursors: epidemiologic data for primary prevention of disorders with slow onset. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152: 967–72
  • Judd L, Akiskal H, Maser J, et al. A prospective 12 year study of subsyndromal and syndromal depressive symptoms in unipolar major depressive disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55: 694–700
  • Kendler K, Gardner C. Boundaries of major depression: an evaluation of DSM-IV criteria. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 172–7
  • Sullivan P, Kessler R, Kendler K. Latent class analysis of lifetime depressive symptoms in the National Comorbidity Survey. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155: 1398–406
  • Fava G, Kellner R. Prodromal symptoms in affective disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148: 823–30
  • Judd L, Paulus M, Wells K, et al. Socioeconomic burden of subsyndromal depressive symptoms and major depression in a sample of the general population. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153: 1411–17
  • Warner R, Appleby L, Whitton A, et al. Demographic and obstetric risk factors for postnatal psychiatric morbidity. Br J Psychiatry 1996; 168: 607–11
  • Simon G, VonKorff M. Somatization and psychiatric disorder in the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Am J Psychiatry 1991; 148: 1494–1500

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.