A Systematic Review of Common Physiotherapy Interventions in School-Aged Children with Cerebral Palsy

REFERENCES

• Adams, M. A., Chandler, L. S., & Schuhmann, K. (2000). Gait changes in children with cerebral palsy following a neurodevelopmental treatment course. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 12, 114–120.
   Google Scholar
• Anttila, H., Autti-Ramo, I., Suoranta, J., Makela, M., & Malmivaara, A. (2008a). Effectiveness of physical therapy interventions for children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review. BMC Pediatrics, 8(14), 1471–2431.
   Google Scholar
• Anttila, H., Malmivaara, A., Kunz, R., Autti-Ramo, I., & Makela, M. (2006). Quality of reporting of randomized, controlled trials in cerebral palsy. Pediatrics, 117(6), 2222–2230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anttila, H., Suoranta, J., Malmivaara, A., Makela, M., & Autti-Ramo, I. (2008b). Effectiveness of physiotherapy and conductive education interventions in children with cerebral palsy. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 87(6), 478–501.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barry, M. J. (1996). Physical therapy interventions for patients with movement disorders due to cerebral palsy. Journal of Child Neurology, 11(Supplement 1), S51–S60.
   Google Scholar
• Begnoche, D. M., & Pitetti, K. H. (2007). Effects of traditional treatment and partial body weight treadmill training on the motor skills of children with cerebral palsy a pilot study. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 19, 11–19.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blundell, S. W., Shepherd, R. B., Dean, C. M., & Adams, R. D. (2003). Functinal strength training in cerebral palsy: A pilot study of a group circuit training class for children aged 4–8 years. Clinical Rehabilitation, 17, 48–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bower, E., McLellan, D. L., Arney, J., & Campbell, M. J. (1996). A randomised controlled trial of different intensities of physiotherapy and different goal-setting procedures in 44 children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 38, 226–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bower, E., Michell, D., Burnett, M., Campbell, M. J., & McClellan, D. L. (2001). Randomized controlled trial of physiotherapy in 56 children with cerebral palsy followed for 18 months. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 43, 4–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherng, R.-J., Liu, C.-F., Lau, T.-W., & Hong, R.-B. (2007). Effect of treadmill training with body weight support on gait and gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy. American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86, 548–555.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christiansen, A. S., & Lange, C. (2008). Intermittent versus continuous physiotherapy in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50, 1–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Craig, M. (1999). Physiotherapy management of cerebral palsy: Current evidence and pilot analysis. Physical Therapy Reviews, 4, 215–228.
   Google Scholar
• Crompton, J., Imms, C., McCoy, A., Randall, M., Eldridge, B., Scoullar, B., et al. (2007). Group-based, task-related training for children with cerebral palsy: A pilot study. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 27, 43–65.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Damiano, D. L. (2006). Activity, activity, activity: Rethinking our physical therapy approach to cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy, 86(11), 1534–1540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damiano, D. L., & Abel, M. F. (1998). Functional outcomes of strength training in spastic cerebral palsy. Archives of Physical Medicine and rehabilitation, 79, 119–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damiano, D. L., & DeJong, S. L. (2009). A systematic review of the effectiveness of treadmill training and body weight support in pediatric rehailitation. Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 33, 27–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Damiano, D. L., Kelly, L. E., & Vaughan, C. L. (1995a). Effects of quadriceps femoris muscle strengthening on crouch gait in children with spastic diplegia. Physical Therapy, 75, 658–667.
   Google Scholar
• Damiano, D. L., Vaughan, C. L., & Abel, M. F. (1995b). Muscle response to heavy resistance exercise in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 37, 731–739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darrah, J., Fan, J. S. W., Chen, L. C., Nunweiler, J., & Watkins, B. (1997). Review of the effects of progressive resisted muscle strengthening in children with cerebral palsy: A clinical consensus exercise. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 9, 12–17.
   Google Scholar
• Dodd, K. J., & Foley, S. (2007). Partial body weight-supported treadmill training can improve walking in children with cerebral palsy: A clinical controlled trial. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 49, 101–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodd, K. J., Taylor, N. F., & Damiano, D. L. (2002). A systematic review of the effectiveness of strength-training programs for people with cerebral palsy. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83, 1157–1164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodd, K. J., Taylor, N. F., & Graham, H. K. (2003). A randomized clinical trial of strength training in young people with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 45, 652–657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagleton, M., Iams, A., McDowell, J., Morrison, R., & Evans. C. L. (2004). The effects of strength training on gait in adolescents with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 16, 22–30.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engsberg, J. R., Ross, S. A., & Collins, D. R. (2006). Increasing ankle strength to improve gait and function in children with cerebral palsy: A pilot study. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 18, 266–275.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fowler, E. G., Ho, T. W., Nwigwe, A. I., & Dorey, F. J. (2001). The effect of quadriceps femoris muscle strengthening exercises on spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy, 81, 1215–1223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorter, H., Holty, L., Rameckers, E., Elvers, H., & Oostendorp, R. (2009). Changes in endurance and walking ability through functional physical training in children with cerebral palsy. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 21, 31–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartley, J. (2002). Physiotherapy in the management of cerebral palsy. Hospital Medicine, 63(10), 590–592.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ketelaar, M., Vermeer, A., Hart, H., van Petegem-van Beek, E., & Helders, P. J. M. (2001). Effects of a functional therapy program on motor abilities of children with cerebral palsy. Physical Therapy, 81, 1535–1545.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox, V., & Evans, A. L. (2002). Evaluation of the functional effects of a course of Bobath therapy in children with cerebral palsy: A preliminary study. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 44, 447–460.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kunz, R., Autti-Ramo, I., Anttila, H., Malmivaara, A., & Makela, M. (2006). A systematic review finds that methodological quality is better than its reputation but can be improved in physiotherapy trials in childhood cerebral palsy. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 59, 1239–1248.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee, J. H., Sung, I. Y., & Yoo, J. Y. (2007). Therapeutic effects of strengthening exercise on gait function of cerebral palsy. Disability and rehabilitation, 11, 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Liao, H.-F., Liu, Y.-C., Liu, W.-Y., & Lin, Y.-T. (2007). Effectiveness of loaded sit-to-stand resistance exercise for children with mild spastic diplegia: A randomized clinical trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and rehabilitation, 88, 25–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBurney, H., Taylor, N. F., Dodd, K. J., & Graham, H. K. (2003). A qualitative analysis of the benefits of strength training for young people with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 45, 658–663.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McPhail, H. E. A., & Kramer, J. F. (1995). Effect of isokinetic strength-training on functional ability and walking efficiency in adolescents with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 37, 763–775.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mockford, M., & Caulton, J. (2008). Systematic review of progressive strength training in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy who are ambulatory. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 20, 318–333.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Morton, J. F., Brownlee, M., & McFadyen, A. K. (2005). The effects of progressive resistance training for children with cerebral palsy. Clinical Rehabilitation, 19, 283–289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palisano, R., Rosenbaum, P., Walter, S., Russell, D., Wood, E., & Galuppi, B. (1997). Development and reliability of a system to classify gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 39, 214–223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palisano, R., Snider, L., & Orlin, M. (2004). Recent advances in physical and occupational therapy for children with cerebral palsy. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology, 11(1), 66–77.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parkes, J., Donnelly, M., Dolk, H., & Hill, N. (2002). Use of physiotherapy and alternatives by children with cerebral palsy: A population study. Child: Care, Health & Development, 28(6), 469–477.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patikas, D., Wolf, S. I., Armbrust, P., Mund, K., Schuster, W., Dreher, T., et al. (2006a). Effects of a post-operative resistive exercise program on the knee extension and flexion torque in childern with cerebral palsy: A randomized clinical trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and rehabilitation, 87, 1161–1169.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patikas, D., Wolf, S. I., Mund, K., Armbrust, P., Schuster, W., & Doderlein, L. (2006b). Effects of a postoperative strength-training program on the walking ability of children with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of Physical Medicine and rehabilitation, 87, 619–626.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Phillips, J. P., Sullivan, K. J., Burtner, P. A., Caprihan, A., Provost, B., & Bernitsky-Beddingfield, A. (2007). Ankle dorsiflexion fMRI in children with cerebral palsy undergoing intensive body-weight-supported treadmill training: A pilot study. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 49, 39–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pin, T., Dyke, P., & Chan, M. (2006). The effectiveness of passive stretching in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 48, 855–862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Provost, B., Dieruf, K., Burtner, P. A., Phillips, J. P., Bernitsky-Beddingfield, A., Sullivan, K. J., et al. (2007). Endurance and gait in children with cerebral palsy after intensive body weight-supported treadmill training. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 19, 2–10.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rosenbaum, P., Paneth, N., Leviton, A., Goldstein, M., Bax, M., Damiano, D., et al. (2007). A report: The definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. [Erratum appears in Dev Med Child Neurol Suppl. 2007 Jun; 49(6):480]. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 109 (Supplementum), 8–14.
   Google Scholar
• Salem, Y., & Godwin, E. (2009). Effects of task-oriented training on mobility function in children with cerebral palsy. NeuroRehailitation, 24, 307–313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schindl, M. R., Forstner, C., Kern, H., & Hesse, S. (2000). Treadmill training with partial body weight support in nonambulatory patients with cerebral palsy. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 81, 301–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seniorou, M., Thompson, N., Harrington, M., & Theologis, T. (2007). Recovery of muscle strength following multi-level orthopaedic surgery in diplegic cerebral palsy. Gait and Posture, 26, 475–481.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siebes, R. C., Wijnroks, L., & Vermeer, A. (2002). Qualitative analysis of therapeutic motor intervention programmes for children with cerebral palsy: An update. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 44, 593–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinbok, P., & McLeod, K. (2002). Comparison of motor outcomes after selective dorsal rhizotomy with and without preoperative intensified physiotherapy in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Pediatric Neurosurgery, 36, 142–147.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsorlakis, N., Evaggelinou, C., Grouios, G., & Tsorbatzoudis, C. (2004). Effect of intensive neurodevelopmental treatment in gross motor function of children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 46, 740–745.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, H., & Pountney, T. (2007) Effects of a static bicycling programme on the functional ability of young people with cerebral palsy who are non-ambulant. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 49, 522–527.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2001). International classification of functioning, disability and health. (short version). Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar