Polymeric nanospheres as strategy to increase the amount of triclosan retained in the skin: passive diffusion vs. iontophoresis

References

• Alvarez-Román R, Barré G, Guy RH, Fessi H. Biodegradable polymer nanocapsules containing a sunscreen agent: Preparation and photoprotection. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2001; 52: 191–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez-Román R, Naik A, Kalia Y, Fessi H, Guy R. Skin penetration and distribution of polymeric nanoparticles. J Controlled Release 2004a; 99: 53–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez-Román R, Naik A, Kalia Y, Fessi H, Guy R. Visualization of skin penetration using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2004b; 58: 301–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arayachukeat S, Wanichwecharungruangc SP, Tree-Udom T. Retinyl acetate-loaded nanoparticles: Dermal penetration and release of the retinyl acetate. Int J Pharm 2011; 404: 281–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banga AK. Electrically assisted transdermal and topical drug delivery. Taylor & Francis, London 2003
   Google Scholar
• Barry B. Novel mechanisms and devices to enable successful transdermal drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2001; 14: 101–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carafa M, Santucci E, Lucania G. Lidocaine-loaded non-ionic surfactant vesicles: Characterization and in vitro permeation studies. Int J Pharm 2002; 231: 21–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jalón E, Blanco-Prieto M, Ygartua P, Santoyo S. Topical application of acyclovir-loaded microparticles: Quantification of the drug in porcine skin layers. J Controlled Release 2001; 75: 191–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domínguez-Delgado CL, Rodríguez-Cruz IM, Escobar-Chávez JJ, Calderón-Lojero IO, Quintanar-Guerrero D, Ganem A. Preparation and characterization of triclosan nanoparticles intended to be used for the treatment of acne. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79: 102–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escobar-Chávez JJ, Merino V, López-Cervantes M, Rodríguez-Cruz IM, Quintanar-Guerrero D, Ganem-Quintanar A. The use of iontophoresis in the administration of nicotine and new non-nicotine drugs through the skin for smoking cessation. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2009; 6: 171–85
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fang J, Fang C, Liu C, Su YH. Lipid nanoparticles as vehicles for topical psoralen delivery: Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) versus Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 70: 633–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang SF, Pendleton P, Badalyan A. Effects of surface functional groups of activated carbon on adsorption of triclosan from aqueous solution. Int J Environ Technol Manage 2009; 10: 36–45
   Google Scholar
• Femenía-Font A, Balaguer-Fernández C, Merino V, López-Castellano A. Combination strategies for enhancing transdermal absorption of sumatriptan through skin. Int J Pharm 2006; 323: 125–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guterres SS, Alves MP, Pohlmann AR. Polymeric nanoparticles, nanospheres and nanocapsules for cutaneous applications. Drug Target Insights 2007; 2: 147–57
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guy R, Kalia Y, Delgado-Charro M, Merino V, López A, Marro D. Iontophoresis: Electrorepulsion and electrosomosis. J Controlled Release 2000; 64: 129–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haznedar S, Dortunc B. Preparation and in vitro evaluation of eudragit microspheres containing acetazolamide. Int J Pharm 2004; 269: 131–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honeywell-Nguyen P, Bouwstra J. Vesicles as a tool for transdermal and dermal delivery. Drug Discovery Today: Technol 2005; 2: 67–74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jacobi U, Engel K, Patzelt A, Worm M, Sterry W, Lademann J. Penetration of pollen proteins into the skin. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 20: 297–304
   Google Scholar
• Jenning V, Gysler A, Schäfer-Korting M, Gohla S. Vitamin A loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical use: Occlusive properties and drug targeting to the upper skin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2000; 49: 211–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones RD, Jampani HB, Newman JL, Lee AS. Triclosan: A review of effectiveness and safety in health care settings. Am J Infect Control 2000; 28: 184–96
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalia Y, Guy R. Interaction between penetration enhancers and iontophoresis: Effect on human skin impedance in vivo. J Controlled Release 1997; 44: 33–42
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalia Y, Naik A, Garrison J, Guy RH. Iontophoretic drug delivery. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2004; 56: 619–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenneth AW. Dermatological and transdermal formulations. Marcel Dekker, New York 2002
   Google Scholar
• Knorr F, Lademann J, Patzelt A, Sterry W, Blume-Peytavi U, Vogt A. Follicular transport route – Research progress and future perspectives. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2009; 71: 173–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lademan J, Richter H, Teichmann A, Otberg N, Blume-Peytavi U, Luengo J, WeiB B, Schaefer UF, Lehr C-M, Wepf R, et al. Nanoparticles an efficient carrier for drug delivery into the hair follicles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2007; 66: 159–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lademann J, Weigmann H, Rickmeyer C, Barthelmes H, Schaefer H, Mueller G, Sterry W. Penetration of titanium dioxide microparticles in a sunscreen formulation into the horny layer and the follicular orifice. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 1999; 12: 247–56
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee T, Kim J, Hwang S. Hydrogel patches containing Triclosan for acne treatment. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2003; 56: 407–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leroux J, Alléman E, Doelker E. New approach for the preparation of nanoparticles by an emulsion-difussion method. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 1995; 41(1)14–18
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Hu W, Chen H, Ni Q, Xu H, Yang X. Isotretinoin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles with skin targeting for topical delivery. Int J Pharm 2007; 328: 191–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu W, Hu M, Liu W, Xue C, Xu H, Yang LX. Investigation of the carbopol gel of solid lipid nanoparticles for the transdermal iontophoretic delivery of triamcinolone acetonide acetate. Int J Pharm 2008; 364: 135–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meidan V, Al-Khalili M, Michniak B. Enhanced iontophoretic delivery of buspirone hydrochloride across human skin using chemical enhancers. Int J Pharm 2003; 264: 73–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nash R. Encyclopedia of pharmaceutical technology. Marcel Dekker, New York 2002
   Google Scholar
• Nghiem LD, Coleman PJ. NF/RO filtration of the hydrophobic ionogenic compound triclosan: Transport mechanisms and the influence of membrane fouling. Sep Purif Technol 2008; 62: 709–16
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park J, Lee J, Jung E, Park Y, Kim K, Park B, Jung K, Park E, Kim J, Park D. In vitro antibacterial and anti-inflamatory effects of honokiol and magnolol against Propionibacterium sp. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 496: 189–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patzelt A, Antoniou C, Sterry W, Lademann J. Skin penetration from the inside to the outside: A review. Drug Discovery Today: Dis Mech 2008; 5: e229–35
   Google Scholar
• Patzelt A, Richter H, Knorr F, Schäfer U, Lehr CM, Dähne L, Sterry W, Lademann J. Selective follicular targeting by modification of the particles size. J Controlled Release 2011; 150: 45–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perugini P, Simeoni S, Scalia S, Genta I, Modena T, Conti B, Pavanetto F. Effect of nanoparticle encapsulation on the photostability of the sunscreen agent, 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxycinnamate. Int J Pharm 2002; 246: 37–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prow TW, Gride JE, Lin LL, Fayce R, Butler M, Becker W, Wurm EMT, Yoong C, Robertson TA, Soyer HP, et al. Nanoparticles and microparticles for skin drug delivery. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2011; 63: 470–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puglia C, Blasi P, Rizza L, Schoubben A, Bonina F, Rossi C, Ricci M. Lipid nanoparticles for prolonged topical delivery: An in vitro and in vivo investigation. Int J Pharm 2008; 358: 295–304
   Google Scholar
• Rolland A, Wagner N, Chatelus A, Shroot B, Schaefer H. Site-specific drug delivery to pilosebaceus structures using polymeric microspheres. Pharm Res 1993; 10(12)1738–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santoyo S, De Jalón E, Ygartua P, Renedo MJ, Blanco-Príeto MJ. Optimization of topical cidofovir penetration using microparticles. Int J Pharm 2002; 242: 107–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaefer H, Lademann J. The role of follicular penetration. A differential view, Skin Pharmacol. Appl Skin Physiol 2001; 14: 23–7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schäfer-Korting M, Mehnert W, Korting HC. Lipid nanoparticles for improved topical application of drugs for skin diseases. Adv Drug Delivery Rev 2007; 59: 427–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheuplein RJ. Properties of the skin as a membrane. Adv Biol Skin 1972; 22: 125–52
   Google Scholar
• Sheihet L, Chandra P, Batheja P, Devore D, Kohn J, Michniak B. Tyrosine- derived nanospheres for enhanced topical skin penetration. Int J Pharm 2008; 350: 312–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shim J, Kang H, Park W, Han S, Kim J, Chang I. Transdermal delivery of mixnoxidil with block copolymer nanoparticles. J Controlled Release 2004; 97: 477–84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toll R, Jacobi U, Richter H, Lademann J, Schaefer H, Blume-Peytavi U. Penetration profile of microspheres in follicular targeting of terminal hair follicles. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 123: 168–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogt A, Combadiere B, Hadam S, Stieler KM, Lademann J, Schaefer H, Autran B, Sterry W, Blume-Peytavi U. 40 nm, but not 750 or 1500 nm, nanoparticles enter epidermal CD1a+ cells after transcutaneous application on human skin. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126: 1316–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wosicka H, Cal K. Targeting to the hair follicles: Current status and potential. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 57: 83–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zobel H, Stieneker F, Atmaka-Abdel S, Gilbert M, Werner D, Noe CR, Kreuter J, Zimmer A. Evaluation of aminoalkyl methacrylate nanoparticles as colloidal drug carrier systems. Part II: Characterization of antisense oligonucleotides loaded copolymer nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 1999; 48: 1–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar