Patent Briefing

PATENT BRIEFING

AUSTRALIA

• Australian Patent 529,814 (1983)MicrocapsulesAPPLETON PAPERS INC. P. L. Foris, R. W. Brown, P. S. Phillips Jr. Substantially spherical polymeric capsules can be prepared by the in situ polymerization of urea and formaldehyde containing 0.75-1. 5% by weight of the polyelectrolyte in the aqueous vehicle.
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BELGIUM

• Belgian Brevet 896,217 (1983)Liposomes containing steroidal glucosides or monopalmitates of steroidal glucosides NIPPON SHINYAKU CO. LTD. M. Kawamata, K. Ushimaru and S. Yamane. The advantages of liposome formulations containing steroidal glucosides and monopalmitates of steroidal glucosides prepared for parenteral administration are given. The effectiveness of the solution for injection was tested on rats.
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CANADA

• Canadian Patent 1,147,616 (1983)Coating apparatus for capsular coatingsMEAD CORP. C. E. Werner. A method and an apparatus are described for applying a fluid composition containing rupturable microcapsules to an endless web, such as paper, which is useful in the fabrication of carbonless copying paper.
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EUROPE

• European Patent Application 70,528 (1983)Microcapsules and their utilization in pressure-sensitive papersMO PAPER CO. LTD. S. Egawa and M. Sakamoto. Microcapsules for use in preparing pressure-sensitive copying papers were prepared which showed only slight permeability to the encapsulated colour formers.
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• European Patent Application 76,428 (1983)MicrocapsulesTANABE SEIYAKU CO. LTD. M. Samejima, G. Hirata, Y. Koida, Y. Kobayashi and A. Kida. The preparation of a pharmaceutically active compound containing a water-swelling polymer with ethylcellulose is described.
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• European Patent Application 76,515 (1983) Rapidly releasable microcapsulesTANABE SAIYAKU CO. LTD. G. Hirata, M. Samejima, Y. Koida, Y. Kobayashi and A. Kida. The preparation of rapidly releasable microcapsules is described.
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• European Patent Application 77,956 (1983)Enteric microcapsulesTANABE SEIYAKU CO. LTD. M. Samejima, G. Hirata, Y. Koida, Y. Kobayashi and A. Kida. Enteric microcapsules were prepared which possessed an excellent protecting effect on the core material and were capable of easily releasing the core material into the intestine.
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• European Patent Application 82,635 (1983) Continuous production of microcapsulesAPPLETON PAPERS INC. R. W. Brown and L. A. Balster. Microcapsules useful in pressure-sensitive copying materials were prepared by a continuous process.
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• European Patent Application 84,169 (1983)Oral administration of substances in the form of liposomes, and relative pharmaceutical compositionsAUSONIA FARMACEUTICI S.R.L. E. Borgo. Tablets containing water-soluble biologically active compounds with phospholipids, on being chewed, form liposomal vesicles containing the active ingredient, thus improving drug absorption by the digestive tract.
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• European Patent Application 84,898 (1983)Liposome and sodium cromoglycate compositionsFISONS LTD. J. Augstein and M. Ahmed. Sodium cromoglycate, useful for the treatment of allergic conditions such as asthma and hay fever, was incorporated in liposomes for direct administration into the site of the conditions to increase the duration of action.
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• European Patent Application 86,704 (1983)Process and apparatus for the production of perfectly spherical and porous granules, and granules produced in this wayMICROENCAPSULATION S.A. B. Scapinelli. A method for producing porous, spherical granules is described which is suitable for pharmaceuticals.
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• European Patent Application 86,636 (1983) Pressure-sensitive record systemsMITSUBISHI PAPER MILLS LTD. H. Tsukahara and T. Torii. A pressure-sensitive copying system is described, having a microencapsulated electron-donating dye and an acceptor of activated clay combined with a p-hydroxybenzoic acid aryl ester.
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• European Patent Application 88,046 (1983) Preparation of liposomes in an aqueous phaseCIBA-GEIGY A.-G. H. Hauser. Unilamellar liposomes are formed spontaneously in an aqueous phase from lipids e.g. lysolecithins in ionic forms by a pH change and neutralization. They can be used as drug carriers for injections.
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• European Patent Application 88,566 (1983) Microcapsule tonerKONISHIROKU PHOTO INDUSTRY CO. LTD. H. Yamazaki and K. Tokitou. Electrophotographic toner encapsulated in a polyurethane and/or polyurea resin exhibits good strength, does not agglomerate, gives good quality images and has good resistance to rubbing.
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FINLAND

• Finland Patent 63,803 (1983) Grease coating for paperAHLSTROM, A., OY. A. Sutinen and F. Luther. A microcapsule-containing coating for copying paper is prepared from gelatin and gum arabic or CMC.
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FRANCE

• French Demande 2,515,960 (1983)Biodegradable nanocapsules or nanoparticles containing a biologically active substance and their useA. K. F. NAZIR. Biodegradable nanocapsules or nanoparticles, of diameter 500 nm, useful for encapsulating active substances e.g. vegetable oils, perfumes and drugs, were prepared. They are stable to centrifuging, freezing and heat up to 500. The materials inside the nanocapsules are stable.
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• French Demande 2,521,565 (1983)Hydrated lipid lamellar phases for pharmaceuticals or cosmeticsPARFUMS CHRISTIAN DIOR S.A. G. Redziniak and A. Meybeck. Powdered mixtures of amphiphilic lipid constituents with hydrophobic compounds can be used for the preparation of hydrated lipid lamellar phases (liposomes) which can be used in both pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
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• French Demande 2,524,312 (1983)Microencapsulation of drugs by homogeneous layers of natural collagenCENTRE TECHNIQUE DU CUIR. A. Hue, R. Gimeno and D. Herbage. Drug granules were microencapsulated with a methyl alcohol solution of native collagens which produced homogeneous layers on the capsules.
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F.R. GERMANY

• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,226,608 (1983)Photohardenable microcapsules for use in photo- and pressure-sensitive recording sheets MITSUBISHI PAPER MILLS LTD. S. Hiraishi, S. Morishita and T. Matsushita. Photohardenable micro-capsules with controlled breaking characteristics for use in preparing pressure-sensitive and photo-sensitive copying materials were prepared. Copies made from these materials show excellent stability and no staining or discoloration.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,228,791 (1983)Microencapsulated agricultural chemicalsKUREHA CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO. LTD. M. Takahasi, Y. Hattori and Y. Igarashi. Agrochemicals were microencapsulated by dispersion in an aqueous mixture of a prepolymer of formaldehyde plus urea and/or melamine and/or thiourea.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,232,235 (1983)Recording materialsKANZAKI PAPER MFG CO. LTD. S. Shioi, Y. Takekawa and M. Miyake. Recording materials, capable of producing sharp light-fast images over a short period of time, were prepared. The images, which can be formed by a pressure, thermal or electrothermal process, show little or no colour change with time.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,232,811 (1983)Microcapsules for pressure-sensitive copying paperKANZAKI PAPER MFG CO. LTD. S. Irii and T. Shiozaki. A process for the preparation of microcapsules with a capsule wall from a film of an emulsion of polymerized polyisocyanate is described. A paper thus prepared was contacted with receptor sheet and the colour formed by using heat and pressure. Few stains showed on rubbing the donor-receptor sheets.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,232,955 (1983)Microcapsules sensitized with antibodies for use in measuring lymphocytesFUJI PHOTO FILM CO. LTD. T. Suzuta and N. Hiratsuka. Antibody (against lymphocyte antigens)-sensitized microcapsules which can be used to measure lymphocytes, especially in cell-mediated immune-type reactions, were prepared.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,236,689 (1983)Electrostatographic toner materialFUJI PHOTO FILM CO. LTD. T. Mikami and N. Hosoi. Pressure-fr.able electrostatographic toner compositions are described which have improved fixing properties, and give an image with high sharpness.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,236,690 (1983)Electrostatographic toner materialFUJI PHOTO FILM LTD. T. Mikami and N. Hosoi. Pressure-fixable electrostatographic toner compositions are described, which have improved fixing properties, and give an image with high sharpness.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,241,020 (1983)Microcapsules for pressure-sensitive recording paperKUREHA CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO. LTD. Y. Okada and Y. Igarashi. Pressure-responsive copying papers were prepared containing microcapsules whose outer wall consisted mainly of melamine-thiourea resin. These copying papers have improved solvent resistance over previously developed papers.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,245,801 (1983) Electrostatographic toner materialFUJI PHOTO FILM CO. I.TD. T. Navi, F. Kakimi and T. Mikami. Pressure-fixable electrostatographic toners are prepared by enveloping a dye-containing core material in a polymer e.g. polyurethane, spray-drying the microcapsules and heating, which improves the powder characteristics.
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GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

• German D.R. Patentschrift 200,471 (1983)Performing biochemical processesAKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN DER DDR. K. Pommerening, H. Dautzenberg, F. Loth, W. Jung and W. Scheler. A method is described for performing biochemical processes, such as enzymic conversions, in microcapsules. These consist of a semipermeable outer layer and a liquid nucleus containing polycations in a buffered aqueous emulsion or suspension of a haemoprotein.
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HUNGARY

• Hungarian Patent 23,130 (1982)Cellulose acetate phthalate microencapsulationE. GY. T. GYOGYSZERVEGYESZETI GYAR. P. Fekete and M. Malnasi. The preparation of microcapsules containing 75% of pharmaceuticals dispersed with cellulose acetate phthalate is described.
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• Hungarian Patent 25,023 (1983) Microcapsules for oily materialsE. GY. T. GYOGYSZERVEGYESZETI GYAR. P. Fekete, T. Kovacs and M. Malnasi. A method for microen-capsulating pharmaceuticals which is especially suitable for oily materials is given.
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INDIA

• Indian Patent 150,468 (1982)A carrier material for delivery of chemicals for contraception purposes in females or vas in malesCOUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH (INDIA). R. C. Nandi, S. Singh, J. P. S. Sarin, B. Malviya, H. Chandra and N. M. Khanna. The preparation of carriers with controlled gelling time for delivery of fibrosis-inducing agents at the uterotubal junction for occlusion of the Fallopian tubes in females or the vas in males is described.
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JAPAN

• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 57 38,438 (1982) Pressure-sensitive copying paperMITSUBISHI PAPER MILLS LTD. Self-contained-type pressure-sensitive copying paper was prepared.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 57 125,090 (1982) Pressure-sensitive copying paperKANZAKI PAPER MFG. CO. LTD. The preparation of a pressure-sensitive copying paper which contains microcapsules of an electron-donor type colour former is given.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 57 128,595 (1982) Electrorecording materialsS. SHINSHU K. K. Microencapsulated perfumes are added to electrorecording materials.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 57 131,596 (1982)Thermal recording materialsSONY CORP. Heat-sensitive recording materials contain a heat-sensitive layer composed of hydrated ferric oxide, a reducing agent microencapsulated with an appropriate polymer and a binder resin. The visible images formed on reduction of hydrated ferric oxide to Fe304 could also be read out by using a magnetic head.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 57 130,048 (1982) Electrostatographic developersK. K. CANON. Electrostatographic developers with an excellent fixability and containing a toner and a microencapsulated release agent were prepared.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 57 142,636 (1982)Thermal development type diazo copying materialsRICOH CO. LTD. Thermal development type diazo copying materials contain a diazonium compound, a coupler and the coloration promoting agent microencapsulated with a non-polar waxy substance. A copying paper having excellent storage stability was produced.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 57 144,788 (1982)Printing inks containing pressure-sensitive copying color-former microcapsulesKUREHA CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO. LTD. The preparation of printing inks containing pressure-sensitive microcapsules containing colour-former solutions were prepared. They possess good spot-printing properties and are useful for the preparation of pressure-sensitive copying type office forms.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 57 150,600 (1982)Thermal recording mediaFUJI-XEROX CO. LTD. Thermal recording media were prepared containing fluoran colour former microcapsules. Recording at 60°C produces red prints while at >90°C black prints are obtained.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 57 151,395 (1982)Thermal recording materialsRICOH CO. LTD. Photocrosslinkable resins are used to separate leuco dye type colour formers and acidic colour developers, which, on a paper support, give light-fixing type thermal recording paper.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 57 152,996 (1982)Pressure-sensitive copying paperKANZAKI PAPER MFG. CO. LTD. A pressure-sensitive copying paper resistant to yellow-stain formation, and a compromise between quality and cost, is prepared by coating a colour developer layer, mostly clay and a microencapsulated aromatic carboxylic acid (or its metal salt) on a paper support. It provided good colour images upon typing thereon with standard colour former-containing paper.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 57 188,435 (1982)Coloring of hollow microspheresS. K. K. MEISEI and K. K. K. REJINOKARA. Coloured hollow microspheres were prepared by treating hollow silicate spheres with dyes or pigments, coupling agents and organic polymer binders. A given preparation, when applied to a fabric, gave a light-weight leather substitute.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 57 197,538 (1982)PhotoimagingFUJI PHOTO FILM CO. LTD. The preparation of a recording material comprising a coating layer of one component of a colour-forming composition and microcapsules of the other component is described.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 04,886 (1983)Towels containing microencapsulated perfumesSHIBATA TOWEL K.K. Towels were prepared coated with microencapsulated perfumes to release a fragrance when used.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 11,529 (1983)Fire-resistant sandwich heat-insulating panelsNIPPON URETHANE SERVICE K.K. A fire-, smoke- and thermal deformation-resistant thermally insulating sandwich panel is prepared.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 17,178 (1983) Weldable coatingNISSHIN STEEL CO. LTD. A weldable coating material containing conductive substances is treated with thin-skinned hollow carbon particles to improve the film-forming performance.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 36,633 (1983) Gas adsorbent as blood substituteH TSUCHIDA. Gas exchangers for use as blood substitutes were prepared by enclosing iron-containing porphyrin in insoluble high molecular substances (coacervates).
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 38,733 (1983) Heat-activated colorants for coatingsASAHI CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO. LTD. Transparent coating binders which take on colour when exposed to heat were mixed with glass beads and applied to PVC film. This produced a bright red pattern when pressed with a hot iron.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 49,311 (1983) Stable liposomes as carriers for drugsEISAI CO. LTD. Liposomes coated with polysaccharide fatty acid esters, more stable when compared with an uncoated control, are useful as carriers for drugs.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 49,433 (1983) Preparation of microcapsulesTANABE SEIYAKU CO. LTD. Microcapsules were more efficiently prepared from ethylcellutose, an organic polysiloxane and surfactant than capsules produced conventionally using polymers such as polyethylene.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 57,462 (1983) Lightweight silicone rubber thermal insulatorsNIPPON OIL SEAL INDUSTRY CO. LTD. Lightweight silicone rubber thermal insulator compositions contain 5-50% by weight of hollow glass microspheres with diameters s 60 ftm, giving a thermal conductivity of 0.65 x 10–3 cal/deg s cm.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 70,829 (1983) Microencapsulation for copying paperOJI PAPER CO. LTD. Microcapsules useful in making pressure-sensitive copying paper are prepared.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 74,619 (1983) Liposomes containing sterol glucosidesNIPPON SHINYAKU CO. LTD. Sterol glucosides or sterol glucoside monopalmitates were incorporated into liposomes and prepared as injection solutions for haemostatic treatment.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 76,138 (1983) Microcapsules for copying paperKANZAKI PAPER MEG CO. LTD. The preparation of microcapsules of hydrophobic materials in amino-aldehyde resins is described.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 84,040 (1983)Microcapsulated activated carbon with cellulose as a molecular sieveCHISSO CORP. Microcapsules containing activatecd carbon and cellulose triacetate were prepared. When egg-white was passed through a column containing microcapsules of diameter 149–300 gm, lysozyme (mol. wt. 14000) was eluted in 90% yield.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 100,857 (1983) Electrostatographic capsule tonersFUJI PHOTO FILM CO. LTD. Electrostatographic microcapsule toner surfaces are treated with metal soap. This improves the flow characteristics, pressure-fixability and anti-offset properties.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 107,183 (1983)
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• Transformation of fungiT. NAGATA. A liposome preparation containing DNA carrying desired genetic information was prepared. It was then contacted with a fungal protoplast to effect transformation. Transformed cells were obtained with an efficiency 6-fold greater than that by the conventional method.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 134,652 (1983)Microencapsulated tonerK. K. CANON. A microencapsulated toner for an electrophotographic development contains a core and a coating layer prepared from an aqueous emulsion of resin and shows improved fixability.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 135,804 (1983)Oral liposome formulations containing cytidene diphosphate choline esterMAGIS FARMACEUTICI s.tt.L. Oral lipsome formulations containing cytidine diphosphate choline ester are useful for the treatment of haemodynamic disorders. Oral administration of 200 mg/kg to rats increased the blood level of the ester 4-fold as compared with the ester given without liposomes.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 138,687 (1983)Transfer inksMITSUBISHI PAPER MILLS LTD. Inks containing microencapsulated fluorescent brighteners and a wax were coated on paper. The paper was placed coated side to a sheet of plain paper and marks made on the uncoated side. The invisible marks on the plain paper became visible under a fluorescent lamp.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 58 143,760 (1983)Long-lasting air freshenersSUNSTAR INC. The preparation and properties are described for long-lasting air fresheners containing microencapsulated odorous substances, acrylic resin emulsions and thickening agents.
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PCT

• PCT Application 83 01,068 (1983)Hollow, bilayered silicate microspheres.M. B. FILLERS PTY LTD. A. G. Baker and A. J. Baker. Hollow microspheres, suitable for use as volume extenders, consist of an inner shell, the reaction product of a silicate and a first insolubilizing agent, and an outer shell which is the reaction product of a silicate and a second insolubilizing agent.
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• PCT Application 83 01,571 (1983)Liposome conjugates and diagnostic methodsUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. D. P. Papahadjopoulos and T. D. Heath. A method is described for producing liposorne-antibody conjugates to provide a rapid and sensitive method, with an improved capacity to agglutinate erythrocytes, for use in blood typing and other haemagglutination assays.
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• PCT Application 83 01,738 (1983)Intravascularly administrable, magnetically responsive nanosphere or nanoparticle U. SCHROEDER AND K. MOSBACH. The preparation of an intra-venous administrable magnetically responsive nanosphere or nanoparticle which can be injected and concentrated in a part of the body by a magnetic field is described.
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• PCT Application 83 02,069 (1983)Thiol-reactive liposomesUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. F. J. Martin, D. P. Papahadjopoulos and W. L. Hubbell. Multilamellar and unilamellar liposomes with diameters of 0.02-5 gm which can encapsulate solutions of various biochemicals were prepared with thiol(SH)-reactive groups extending from the outer surface of the bilayer which can couple to SH-group-containing ligands. These are useful in immunological diagnosis and targeting of chemotherapeutic agents to specific cells.
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• PCT Application 83 02,228 (1983)Synthetic whole bloodNEOMED INC. C. S. Ecanow and B. Ecanow. The preparation of a synthetic whole blood which is safe, reliable, can establish normal osmotic pressure and can transport gas, nutrients and drugs is described.
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ROMANIA

• Romanian Patent 74,767 (1981)Microencapsulation of calcium rutin and magnesium rutinINTREPRINDEFtEA DE MEDICAMENTE, BUCURESTI. A. Carpov, N. Oita and A. Tolea. Calcium and magnesium rutoside powders were microencapsulated with a semisynthetic polymer such as cellulose acetate and a copolymer to give microcapsules insoluble in organic solvents and controlled solubility in water.
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• Romanian Patent 76,733 (1983)Microencapsulation of dimethyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoylmethyl) phosphorothiolothionateINSTITUTUL DE CHIMIE MACROMOLECULARA "PETRU PONI". D. Dragan and A. Carpov. The micro-encapsulation of the title compound by the interfacial polyaddition product of a polyamine and polyisocyanates is described.
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• Romanian Patent 76,748 (1983)Stabilization of an aqueous suspension of microcapsulesINSTITUTUL DE CHIMIE MACROMOLECULARA "PENTRU PONI". D. Mihai and A. Carpov. A mixture of xanthan gum and sodium chloride is a stabilizer for a suspension of microencapsulated organophosphorus insecticides.
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• Romanian Patent 78,211 (1982)Antiinflammatory and antirheutnatic composition containing acetysalicylic acid and aminocaproic acidINTREPRINDEREA DE MEDICAMENTE, BUCURESTI. A. Carpov, N. Oita, A. Tolea and M. Pavelescu. The formulation attenuating the negative gastric side effects of acetylsalicylic acid is prepared by the separate microencapsulation of the title compounds.
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SOUTH AFRICA

• South African Patent 82 05,398 (1983) Porous coating on a prosthesisBATTELLE DEVELOPMENT CORP. K. R. Sump. Prosthetic metal surface areas are coated with a porous material having interconnected pores through which hard or soft tissues can grow.
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UK

• UK Patent Application 2,099,471 (1982) Pressure-sensitive recording materialFUJI PHOTO FILM CO. LTD. A. Miyamoto. A pressure-sensitive copying material comprising a paper support and a coating of microcapsules containing a solution of benzhydrylsulphone colour former was prepared. Twenty of these sheets were superposed and cut by guillotine without colour stain of cut section.
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• UK Patent Application 2,101,648 (1983)Pressure-sensitive microencapsular recording materialFUJI PHOTO FILM co. LTD. A. Miyamoto. A pressure-sensitive recording material which does not form stains upon encapsulation, using a benzhydrylsulphone colour former, contains an amine-hydrophobic alkylene oxide adduct together with the colour former.
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• UK Patent Application 2,107,213 (1983)Coatings
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• Aj VICKERS LTD. I. F. Patterson. Impact-indicating coatings, for showing possible damage of a plastic part above a certain pressure, were prepared. A stain is produced on applying a certain pressure due to rupture of microcapsules.
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• UK Patent Application 2,108,074 (1983)Preservation and protection of active substancesPA MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS LTD. D. G. Layton. The process involves microencapsulation in a polymer, the substance being released by heating above the melting point or disintegration temperature of the polymer. As an example, a flavouring ingredient for foods is given.
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• UK Patent Application 2,109,572 (1983)Encapsulated toner for development of electrostatic imagesKONISHIROKU PHOTO INDUSTRY CO. LTD. H. Yamazaki, S. Terada and K. Tokitou. The preparation of a pressure-fixable toner for development of electrostatic latent images which has good charging characteristics and provides highly durable images with excellent storage characteristics is described.
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USA

• US Patent 4,372,745 (1983)Chemical luminescence amplification substrate system for immunochemistry involving microencapsulated fiuorescer.ELECTRO-NUCLEONICS INC. R. M. Mandle and Y. N. Wong. A system for the qualitative and/or quantitative detection of a biological analyte using a microencapsulated fluorescer is described.
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• US Patent 4,383,706 (1983)Pressure-sensitive recording paperKUREHA CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO. LTD. Y. OKADA, K. OKUBU and Y. IGARASHI. Pressure-sensitive recording paper exhibiting excellent properties under severe environmental conditions is comprised of a paper support coated with microcapsules containing a colour former and 1-isopropylpheny1-2-phenylethane.
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• US Patent 4,388,302 (1983)Coacervated iodineNEOMED CORP. C. S. Ecanow. Coacervated iodine was prepared by combining crystallized iodine with a lipoidal non-polar aqueous phase of urea combined with a lipid. In trials, selected microorganisms were all killed within 30s of contact at 37°C.
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• US Patent 4,388,424 (1983)Caulk containing microballoonsSCM CORP. S. C. Kernell and R. F. Witkiewicz. A low-shrink light-weight extrudable caulk for sealing structural joints was prepared, having excellent insulating and sealing properties, good extrudability at low temperatures, desired adhesion to building materials and volume shrinkage 5%.
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• US Patent 4,390,567 (1983)Graded polymeric coatings or filmsUNITED STATES DEPT. OF ENERGY. R. Liepins. A method is described for preparing metal-loaded polymeric coatings having a given metal concentration and density gradient throughout the thickness. These can be used for advanced inertial confinement fusion targets and can also give a metal finish.
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• US Patent 4,391,647 (1983)Spackling compositionSAND AND SEA CORP. A. C. Deer and F. G. Cacossa. Very light-weight compositions for use on ceilings and walls are obtained from a preparation of hollow slilica particles, fillers, latex binder and a water-retention agent.
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• US Patent 4,391,930 (1983)Stabilized suspension of glass bubbles in an aqueous dispersion of tetrafluoroethylene polymer DU PONT DE NEMOURS, E. I. AND CO. A. H. Olson. Storage-stable protective coatings for glass fibre fabrics consist of aqueous dispersions of hollow glass bubbles and PTFE having viscosity 190 cP at 250°C. These remained stable after standing 4 days.
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• US Patent 4,392,988 (1983)Stable aluminaGA TECHNOLOGIES INC. J. C. Dobson and R. W. Knight Jr. The preparation of microspheres of activated alumina is described.
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• US Patent 4,394,149 (1983)Plant nutrinent compositions and their applicationC. F. SZOKA JR. AND D. P. PAPAHADJOPOULOS. Plant nutrients encapsulated in a synthetic liposome remain bioavailable when absorbed by plants. Encapsulated urea can be applied as a slow-release fertilizer, the lipid vesicles being wholly absorbed and releasing the urea at cellular level.
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• US Patent 4,394,372 (1983) Lipid membrane structures PROCTER AND GAMBLE CO. J. L. Taylor. Lipid membrane structures (vesicles or liposomes) were prepared with a mean diameter of 400 A.
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• US Patent 4,398,954 (1983)Microcapsular coating composition containing a hydrophobic silicaMEAD CORP. J. J. Stolfo. Paper was coated with a mixture of urea resin-encapsulated oil containing colour-precursor, starch, alkylchlorosilane-treated Si02 and surfactant to give a transfer paper which did not speck when 7000 photocopies were imaged.
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• US Patent 4,404,251 (1983)Copying systems and suitable printing inks for both offset and book printingBAYER A.-C. G. Jabs, M. Dahm, A. Haus, U. Nehen, K. Rath and N. Weimann. A donor sheet ot a. carbonless copying paper is prepared by application of an ink layer containing a binder, a micro-encapsulated dye precursor, spacer particles and other additives, then hardening.
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• US Patent 4,407,957 (1983)Reversible microencapsulation of a core materialDAMON CORP. F. Lim. Core materials, especially cell cultures, can be microencapsulated and subsequently released without damage to the cells. Pancreatic islet of Langerhans cells were microencapsulated so that oxygen, amino acids, nutrients and plasma can reach the islets and allow insulin to be excreted.
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USSR

• USSR Patent 1,017,333 (1983)Enzyme microencapsulationALL-UNION SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH BIOTECHNICAL INSTITUTE. E. N. Nenashev, V. V. Gorelov, K. A. Kalunyants, L. I. Golger, L. I. Oreshchenko, M. S. Gurman, 0. Kh. Rybalov and V. I. Voronov. Microcapsules are prepared by mixing an enzyme with binders and dispersing the mixture in a stream of air.
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