Patent Briefing

PATENT BRIEFING

BELGIUM

• Belgian Patent 901,074 (1985) Phosphatidylserine compositions useful in the treatment of disorders of the central nervous system without any effect on blood coagulation FIDIA s.p.A. F. Della Valle and R. Aurelio. Compositions of phospholipid liposomes containing phosphatidylserine have pharmacological activity on the nervous system with no undesirable effects on blood coagulation. The compositions may be administered orally or by injection.
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EUROPE

• European Patent Application 141,584 (1985) Durable controlled release microcapsules BEND RESEARCH, INC. R. W. Baker. Sustained- and controlled-release microcapsules containing biologically active ingredients, e.g. insecticides, were prepared from nonporous thermoplastics such as polysulphones and polycarbonates.
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• European Patent Application 142,641 (1985) Diagnosis and therapy of tumors and treatment of weaknesses of the cellular and humoral immune system U. Ehrenfeld. An agent for diagnosis and therapy of malignant tumours is composed of an immune modulator containing a lipopolysaccharide or one labelled with a dye or a cytostatic or radioactive element and encapsulated in liposomes. The effectiveness was demonstrated in humans.
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• European Patent Application 143,599 (1985) Opaque oriented nonthermoplastic polymer film MOBIL OIL CORP. C. R. Ashcraft and H. C. Park. A white opaque film especially useful for the packaging of foods is prepared by dispersing rigid microspheres in a nonthermoplastic polymer and biaxially stretching the film.
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• European Patent Application 144,084 (1985) Reagent for immunoassay and analytical method using it TOSHIBA CORP. Y. Ishimori, M. Notsuki, M. Koyama and T. Yasuda. A reagent and an immunoassay method of high sensitivity for the rapid detection of antibodies and antigens in homogeneous systems are described.
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• European Patent Application 148,149 (1985) High concentration encapsulation by interfacial polycondensation MONSANTO co. D. Z. Becher and R. W. Magin. The process, which is useful for the encapsulation of herbicides, is described.
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• European Patent Application 148,169 (1985) High concentration encapsulation of water-soluble materials MONSANTO CO. G. B. Beestman. Uniform polyurea microcapsules of diameter 1–10 jm were prepared in the form of a stable, aqueous emulsion.
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• European Patent Application 148,551 (1985) Measuring membrane fusion FUJIREBIO, INC. T. Nakae and E. Ryo. An accurate and simple method is described for measuring membrane fusion which is useful for drug delivery by liposomes.
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• European Patent Application 148,769 (1985) Multiple types of microcapsules STAUFFER CHEMICAL CO. H. B. Scher. A method of producing a mixture of colourless and deep blue microcapsules is described.
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• European Patent Application 150,288 (1985) Hollow microspheres with wall through-openings EMS FUSION, INC. P. R. Anderson and G. H. Wuttke. Glass or polymer microspheres with shell-wall through openings are useful as cell microcarriers in anchorage-dependent cell cultivation. They also find use as thermal insulators when evacuated and coated with a heat reflective material.
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FRANCE

• French Demande 2,553,040 (1985) Tattoo simulation printed material MINNESOTA MINING AND MFG. CO. N. P. Sweeney, K. E. Relyea and W. L. Brustad. A support of dense translucent polymer is coated on one side with a pressure-sensitive adhesive and on the other with a water-resistant printed image and microencapsulated odour for use as a simulated tattoo on humans.
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• French Demande 2,555,074 (1985) Device for separating blood and producing serum H. Ohayon. A device permitting a rapid coagulation time of 1–3 minutes consists of a container with interior walls coated with copolymer containing a coagulation activator and a serum separator of calibrated microspheres.
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FR GERMANY

• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,334,751 (1985) Aldehydes and alcohols in combination with liposome-encapsulated drugs for cancer therapy U. Ehrenfeld. A mixture of aldehydes and alcohols useful for the diagnosis and therapy of tumours is administered with labelled liposomes with or without immunomodulators. The treatment of a patient with carcinoma of the retrolingual tonsilitis region is described.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,339,861 (1985) Parenteral dihydropyridine liposome formulations BAYER A.-G. K. Schlossmann, A. Zembrod and S. Kazda. I,iposomes of dihydropyridine derivatives useful in the treatment of hypertension, heart disease and ischaemia were prepared. Preparation and effects of intra-arterial administration of nimodipine liposomes are described.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,339,907 (1985) Production and therapeutic use of cell-targeted liposomes K. E. Theurer. Liposomes containing pharmaceuticals are targeted to certain cells and the drug uptake is improved by the use of a nonaqueous phase of the emulsion used to prepare the liposomes. Other possible uses for these liposomes are also suggested.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,346,601 (1985) Solvent mixture for microcapsules FELDMUEHLE A.-G. K. Riecke. Microcapsules with low wall permeability and good storage stability, useful for copying paper were prepared.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,417,200 (1985) Microcapsules containing active liquid material NITTO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIAL CO. LTD. Y. Ninomiya, C. Komamura and Y. Musa. The preparation of microcapsules containing an active liquid ingredient, e.g. an insecticide or insect attractant is described.
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• German Offenlegungsschrift 3,433,191 (1985) Pressure-fixable capsule toner and a development method CANON K. K. T. Nakahara, I. Ohsaki, M. Yamazaki, K. Wakamiya, T. Matsumoto and H. Ushiyama. The toners were fixable at low pressure, with good fixability on uncoated paper and excellent durability with outstanding and stable charge controlling characteristics. On development a completely fixed clear fog-free image was produced.
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GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC

• German D.R. Patentschrift 217,821 (1985) Hormone-producing microcapsule system AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN DER DDR INSTITUT FUER POLYMERENCHEMIE. F. Loth, H. Dautzenberg, H. J. Hahn, H. Jahr, B. Mehlis and K. Fechner. Microcapsules containing hormone-producing tissue or cells were prepared. Microcapsules of rat islets of Langerhans had a diameter of 2–4 mm with good mechanical stability. They produced insulin on incubation with glucose.
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• German D.R. Patentschrift 218,734 (1985) Microcapsules with permeable or semipermeable walls and a liquid core AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN DER D.D.R. F. Loth, H. Dautzenberg and K. Pommerening. Microcapsules useful for separation processes in preparative and analytical chemistry and biochemistry, and in pharmacy, medicine and agrochemistry and food industries were prepared.
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JAPAN

• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 21,048 (1985) Silver halide color photographic material KONISHIROKU PHOTO INDUSTRY CO. LTD. The material is composed of a support carrying 1 silver halide emulsion layer containing a magenta coupler and a mercaptan compound dissolved in lipophilic microparticles. The material shows reduced yellow stains.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 25,788 (1985) Thermal-transfer recording material CANON K. K. Thermal transfer recording material provided clear transferred images on a receptor having low surface smoothness.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 49,345 (1985) Microcapsule toner KONISHIROKU PHOTO INDUSTRY CO. LTD. The toner had good pressure fixability due to the elastic epoxyurea resin wall material and the core material which had a glass-transition temperature of —9O° to 5 C.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 49,346 (1985) Microcapsule toner KONISHIROKU PHOTO INDUSTRY CO. LTD. The toner had good pressure-fixability due to the elastic epoxyurethane resin wall material and the core material which had a glass-transition temperature of —90C to 5 C.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 52,859 (1985) Magnetic toner KONISHIROKU PHOTO INDUSTRY CO. LTD. A magnetic toner was prepared having uniform distribution of its components thus giving high density stable images.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 58,915 (1985) Pharmaceutical-containing liposomes FUJISAWA PHARMACEUTICAL CO. LTD. Sustained release pharmaceutical-containing liposomes were prepared as a suspension or in a freeze-dried or spray-dried form.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 64,627 (1985) Microcapsules with hydrophobic volatile cores KUREHA CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO. LTD. Coating membranes are composed of polymerized polyisocyanates and water soluble cationic urea resins condensed with aminoplast prepolymers.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 65,464 (1985) Manufacture of sintered *id for batteries SANYO ELECTRIC CO. LTD. The grid was produced by applying a slurry of hollow microspheres, a pore-forming agent, nickel powder, water and a binder to a conductive collector and sintering.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 67,550 (1985) Flexible vinyl chloride polymer compositions CHISSO CORP. Lightweight compositions containing hollow microspheres and useful for automobile parts were prepared. They are easily formed into products with matt surfaces which do not become shiny on rubbing.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 68,044 (1985) Double encapsulation of pharmaceuticals T. Kato. Coating pharmaceutical capsules with soybean lecithins or egg yolk lecithins greatly improves their dispersibility in body fluids.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 82,131 (1985) Microcapsules for synthetic resin hardening NAGOYA YUKAGAKU KOGYO K. K. Microcapsules of average diameter 40,um with polyvinyl walls were prepared.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 83,958 (1985) Electrophotographic toner microcapsule FUJI PHOTO FILM CO. LTD. The prepared microencapsulated toner had good fixability by pressure and antioffset property and wa9 stable to pressure other than that for fixing.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 84,214 (1985) Sustained-release antitumour formulations UNITIKA LTD. The formulations consist of antitumour drugs immobilized on carriers, e.g. powders, microcapsules, together with immobilized blood coagulants. They were tested on cancer patients.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 87,843 (1985) Microencapsulation of drugs with gelatin SANKYO CO. LTD. A method is described for microencapsulation in gelatin of drugs which are normally physically incompatible with gelatin.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 88,959 (1985) Electrically insulated microcapsule toner FUJI PHOTO FILM CO. LTD. A process for the preparation of microcapsule toner is described which improves the electrical insulation of the toner and prevents rapid decay of voltage.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 88,963 (1985) Magnetic toner microcapsule FUJI PHOTO FILM CO. LTD. A toner with improved fluid and electromagnetic properties has 80 per cent of magnetic material contained in the core of the microcapsules with colourant and binder.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 93,758 (1985) Manufacture of anodes for sealed alkaline batteries SHIN-KOBE ELECTRIC MACHINERY CO. LTD. Sealed alkaline battery anodes were prepared from micro-encapsulated hydrocarbons and CdO. A battery with this anode showed lower internal pressure during low-temperature overcharging and 15 per cent higher utilization value of the anode active material.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 97,886 (1985) Pressure-sensitive recording sheets JUJO PAPER CO. LTD. NIPPON ZEON CO. LTD. Microencapsulated pressure-sensitive recording sheets have reduced loss of brightness in nonimage areas.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 100,516 (1985) Preparation of sustained-release microcapsules TAKEDA CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD. The preparation of sustained-release microcapsules is described.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 103,356 (1985) Pressure-fixable microencapsulated toner CANON K. K. A microencapsulated pressure-fixable toner was prepared which is fixable under relatively low pressure and provides images having no smudge.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 103,358 (1985) Pressure-fixable electrostatographic microencapsulated toner CANON K. K. An electrostatographic pressure-fixable microencapsulated toner with improved adhesion between core and shell has a core with an uneven surface.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 107,037 (1985) Electrostatographic capsule toners CANON K. K. Microencapsulated toners with walls of epoxy resin crosslinked with nitrogen-containing resins have improved pressure-fixing properties.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 107,385 (1985) Thermal recording materials op PAPER CO. LTD. Microencapsulated thermal recording materials having good sensitivity and storage stability were prepared.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 117,270 (1985) Electrostatographic development CANON K. K. An electrostatographic development method in which jumping development is carried out in the presence of a.c. electric field uses non-metallic capsule toners (including Ti02) in the core which results in lower frequency and voltage requirements for the a.c. fluid.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 124,678 (1985) Heat-sensitive adhesive sheets JAPAN OXYGEN CO. LTD. DYNIC CORP. Non-tacky wallpaper with weak pressure-sensitive adhesion and strong adhesion on heating was prepared using hot-melt adhesives and microencapsulated pressure-sensitive adhesives. The paper can be attached in a few places by pressure, then bonded permanently by heating.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 124,679 (1985) Pressure-sensitive adhesives JAPAN OXYGEN CO. LTD. DYNIC CORP. Adhesive coated wallpaper which was non-tacky but which adhered well on pressing was prepared using pressure-sensitive adhesive-containing microcapsules.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 126,215 (1985) Hair preparations LION CORP. Preparations for soft shiny hair contain encapsulated hydrophobic oils.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 138,464 (1985) Novel method for the quantitative determination of antigens DENKA SEIKEN K. K. S. Motoda, S. Sekine and Y. Tsunoda. The antigens (sample) with its complement is added to a solution of its antibody with protein A-bound liposomes which releases substances, e.g. enzymes, measurement of which gives the quantitative determination of the antigen.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 138,465 (1985) Novel method for quantitative determination of antigens DENKA SEIKEN K. K. S. Motoda, S. Sekine and Y. Tsunoda. The antibody is bound to liposomes added to antigen (sample), a related antibody from a different animal and complement to release substances, e.g. enzymes which are measured for the quantitative determination of the antigen.
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• Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho 60 138,466 (1985) Novel method for determination of antigens DENKA SEIKEN K. K. S. Motoda, S. Sekine and Y. Tsunoda. A 1st antibody, antigen (sample) and complement are added to 2nd antibody-bound liposomes to release substances, e.g. enzymes which are measured for the quantitative determination of the antigen.
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• Japan Tokkyo Koho 60 18,059 (1985) Magnetic microcapsule toners RICOH CO. LTD. Microcapsule toners consist of a core containing a dispersion or solution of a colouring agent, a first wall of film-forming polymer and and second wall of a mixture of a magnetic powder and a synthetic resin.
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• Japan Tokkyo Koho 60 21,874 (1985) Microcapsule-coated sheets KANZAKI PAPER MFG CO. LTD. Microcapsule sheets showing excellent moisture and water resistance were prepared giving high quality pressure-sensitive copying paper.
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• Japan Tokkyo Koho 60 29,636 (1985) Metal pattern formation by etching DAINIPPON PRINTING CO. LTD. The mirror image of a pattern is printed on a polyester film support using ink containing a microencapsulated corrosive liquid, e.g. FeCl3 for etching copper or steel. The metal sheet is covered with the prepared plastic sheet, and the microcapsules broken by heat and/or pressure, thereby etching the metal surface to form a depressed pattern.
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UK

• UK Patent Application 2,146,607 (1985) Controlled release microcapsules from a water-reswellable gel Dow CHEMICAL CO. G. W. Smith. Microencapsulated active ingredients, pesticide or fertilizer, were prepared. Microencapsulated nitrapyrin when added to soil inhibited the conversion of ammonium-N to nitrate-N. Controlled release microcapsules of chlorpyrifos were prepared similarly.
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USA

• US Patent 4,522,811 (1985) Serial injection of muramyl dipeptides and liposomes enhances the anti-infective activity of muramy1 dipeptides.
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• SYNTEX (USA), INC. D. A. Eppstein, E. B. Fraser-Smith and T. R. Matthews. Addition of liposomes to muramyl-dipeptides in serial injections greatly enhances the anti-infective activity.
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• US Patent 4,522,958 (1985) High-solids coating composition for improved rheology control containing chemically modified inorganic microparticles PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. S. K. Das, W. G. Boberski, P. P. Greigger, J. E. Jones, R. F. Schappert and J. A. Seiner. Flow-control agents for the coatings consist of colourless inorganic compounds of size 1–150 nm with carbon-containing compounds chemically bonded to their surfaces.
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• US Patent 4,528,226 (1985) Stretchable microfragrance delivery article MINNESOTA MINING AND MFG. CO. N. P. Sweeney. Flexible vinyl tape, optionally printed, carry rupturable microcapsules bound on 1 surface. Encapsulated fragrance is released when the tape is stretched.
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• US Patent 4,528,354 (1985) Process and composition for the manufacture of products from silicone rubber J. R. McDougal. In the process, the vulcanizing agent is microencapsulated, thereby isolating it from the rubber until a predetermined temperature and pressure are reached. This increases the flowability of the composite.
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• US Patent 4,529,712 (1985) Coated cells and their use RESEARCH CORP. Y. H. Jou and R. B. Bankert. A method is described for covalently attaching antigens or antibodies to cells or liposomes. The coated cells retain their viability and can be used in immunoassays.
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• US Patent 4,532,089 (1985) Giant size liposomes NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. R. C. MacDonald. The production is described of stable, giant size liposomes useful as analytical reagents and drug carriers, and having a capacity of ?...10µ1,/µmol of lipid. Many vesicles have a diameter of several microns.
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• US Patent 4,532,183 (1985) Microcapsules by interfacial photopolymerization MEAD CORP. D. R. Shackle, M. J. Cousin and G. D. Pack. Microcapsules with average size of 12–5 pm were prepared by interfacial photopolvmerization. A dispersion was used to prepare a colourless copy paper.
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• US Patent 4,532,200 (1985) Photosensitive imaging material employing encapsulated radiation sensitive composition having improved toe speed MEAD CORP. J. S. Ar,ney and P.C.Adair. Photoimaging materials containing microencapsulated radiation-sensitive materials and sequestering means have improved toe speed and contrast which is desirable, e.g. in making photocopies of X-ray photographs.
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• US Patent 4,535,050 (1985) Peeling development of photosensitive materials employing microencapsulated radiation sensitive compositions MEAD CORP. J. S. Arney and P. C. Adair. Photoimaging materials containing microencapsulated radiation-material containing microencapsulated reactant overcomes the economic disadvantages of nip roller and burnishing development devices.
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USSR

• USSR Patent 1,155,589 (1985) Recovering concentrates of alkylthiaindans L. P. Karmanova, N. K. Lyapina, L. L. Frolova and V. S. Shmakov. In the recovery of alkylthiaindans by passing distillates through absorbant beds and elution, the adsorbent consumption is decreased and concentration quality improved by using a microspherical aluminium absorbent.
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